TOXICITY OF SOME CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ON APHIDS, Aphis gossypii (GLOVER) AND WHITEFLY, Bemisia tabaci, (GENN.) INFESTING COTTON PLANTS AND ITS ASSOCIATED NATURAL ENEMIES.
Jehan
El-Naggar
Plant protection Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Doki, Giza.
author
S.
Aref
Plant protection Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Doki, Giza.
author
text
article
2010
eng
Several problems in controlling pests as well as pollution is have been risen from the intensive use of insecticides. Therefore, this work was Carried out at Sakha Agricultral Research Station during 2007 and 2008 cotton growing seasons to evaluate the initial and residual effect of some chitin-synthesis inhibitors (diafenthiuron and buprofezin), and the dinitromethelin derivative Amidor (imidacloprid) and the mineral oil (KZ-oil) against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. In addition it was planned to evaluate the initial and residual effect of Anjio (thiamethoxam + lambdacyhalothrin), Amidor (imidacloprid) and KZ-oil, on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (adult and immature stages) and their associated natural enemies. Results showed that imidacloprid induced the highest initial and residual reduction giving (95.8 – 98.8%) in the first season and (96.8 – 98.9%) in the second season against the cotton aphid, while buprofezin (Applaud) came in the second order recording (80.5 – 90.3%) in the first season, and (80.3 – 88.7%) in the second season. While, the initial and residual activity of diafenthiuron (Polo) was (68.5 – 90.9% reduction ) in the first season and (66.02 – 84.9%) in the second season.
KZ – oil induced a moderate initial and residual effect, where it exhibited (63.7 – 64.6%) and (65.1 – 65.3%) reduction in the two seasons respectively .
As for the effect of thiamethoxam+ lambdacyhalothrin, imidacloprid and KZ – oil against the white fly B. tabaci mature stage , thiamethoxam+ lambdacyhalothrin induced the highest initial reduction giving 73.3 and 76.3% in the two seasons respectively, followed by Amidor (72.7 and 69.9%, respectively) and KZ – oil (68.5 and 69.1% respectively). While, thiamethoxam+ lambdacyhalothrin induced the highest residual activity (80.03 and 78.1% reduction) in the two seasons respectively, followed by KZ – oil (72.2 and 74.9% reduction) and thiamethoxam+ lambdacyhalothrin (70.8 and 70.9% reduction) in the two seasons , respectively. Regarding the effect on immature stage thiamethoxam+ lambdacyhalothrin induced the highest initial effect in the two seasons (76.2 and 86.3% reduction) respectively, followed by imidacloprid and KZ – oil which gave (71.9 and 59.9% reduction) and (72.2 – 64.8% reduction) in the first and second seasons. On the other hand imidacloprid induced the highest residual effect in the two seasons giving 77.06% and 75.7%, respectively, followed by KZ – oil recorded 74.7 and 75.6% , respectively, and thiamethoxam+ lambdacyhalothrin gave 74.4 and 74.3% , respectively. As for the side effect on the associated natural enemies, (chrysopa sp., paederus alfierii, orius spp., scymnus spp. and true spider), thiamethoxam+ lambdacyhalothrin was the most effective one on the population density of predators followed by diafenthiuron, buprofzin and KZ – oil while imidacloprid had the weakest effect. Thus, imidacloprid can be used in the integrated pest management programs to control both aphids, and different stages of whitefly, especially it was safe to the natural enemies.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
1
v.
5
no.
2010
231
240
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86718_de88e94a1b366fbded9d88120c07ab59.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2010.86718
INCIDENCE AND SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF TRUE SPIDERS INHABITING DIFFERENT ORCHARD TREES AT SOHAG GOVERNORATE
M.
Mohafez
Agric. Zoology and Nematology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ.
author
T.
Al-Akraa
Agric. Zoology and Nematology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ.
author
M.
El-Danasory
Agric. Zoology and Nematology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ.
author
text
article
2010
eng
Survey and seasonalfluctuation of common true spiders inhabiting different orchard trees in Egypt were studied at two localities (Tahta and Temma) at Sohag Governorate from March 2004 to February 2006. Visual count and collection of spiders associated with orchard (Mango, Olive, Citrus, Guava and Grape) collected monthly. The survey revealedabout 22 Genera and 25 spider species belonging to 17 families. Concerning of the seasonal fluctuated of the most predominant families' relation to Temperature and relative Humidity in two localities (Tahta and Temma) at SohagGovernorate. Population of spider families Lycosidae ,Miturigidae, Theridiidae and Salticidae were found in all the months of two successive years. Each one from these families has two peaks, during seasons. The members of rest spider families found between moderate and lowest population during the successive years.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
1
v.
5
no.
2010
241
250
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86719_1a714058f8b7515722cfc9c629c3ad31.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2010.86719
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPTURE OF PINK AND SPINY BOLLWORMS MALE MOTHS IN RELATION TO CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND ACCUMULATE HEAT UNITS
H.
Al-Shannaf
Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center , Dokki , Giza, Egypt
author
M.
Hegab
Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center , Dokki , Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2010
eng
Ecological studies on the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.) and spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisd.) were carried out at Abo-Hammad district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during two consecutive cotton growing seasons of 2007 and 2008. The obtained results indicated that the pink bollworm male moths catch recorded five peaks during 2007 and 2008 seasons.
The accumulated heat units from peak to peak in the first season 2007 were 412.50, 345.06, 460.97 and 465.40 degree-days, respectively. While in the second season 2008. The accumulated heat units from peak to peak were 318.21, 459.14, 463.79 and 459.76, respectively.On the other hand the spiny bollworm catch recorded four peaks during the same seasons, the accumulated heat units from peak to peak in the first season 2007 were 557.26, 737.01 and 610.37 degree-days of the four peaks, respectively , while in the second season 2008 the accumulated heat units from peak to peak were 698.78, 738.37 and 609.79 degree-days, respectively.
Effects of maximum, minimum, mean temperatures and mean of RH % on catch of pink bollworm male moths in pheromone traps were very low in season 2007 (6.44%) and low in season 2008 (28.86%) . Results concerning , relative humidity showed insignificant effect in the 1st season 2007 comparison to effect significant in the second season 2008. On the other hand the effects of max., min. and mean temp. onspiny bollworm catch were significant in season (2007) and insignificant in the 2nd season, respectively. Results also showed that the mean RH % had insignificant effect on spiny bollworm catch in the two seasons. Finally effects of all weather factors together were 41.93 and 28.37% in the two seasons, respectively.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
1
v.
5
no.
2010
251
263
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86720_9120395abe1b4fec5c787ed67178ff8b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2010.86720
MOLECULAR BASIS OF RESISTANCE TO CLODINAFOP-PROPARGYL, AN ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE INHIBITING HERBICIDE, IN GREEN ALGAE Scenedesmus quadricauda
G.
Mohamed
Genetics Dept. ,Fac. Agric., Assiut Univ., Egypt
author
S.
Ahmed
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Assiut University, Egypt
author
S.
El-Sagheer
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Assiut University, Egypt
author
text
article
2010
eng
Mutations in chloroplastic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) gene enables molecular tools such as allele-specific PCR assay to monitor resistance alleles in green algae (Chlorophyta) Scenedesmus quadricauda. An isoleucine-leucine substitution in the gene encoding chloroplast (ACCase) conferred resistance to clodinafop-propargyl herbicide. Green algae cultures were treated with different concentrations of this herbicide (0, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 and double of field concentration). The free amino acid content and cell number were determined after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs.
Concerning cell number, from the first to third generation, the number of cells decreased especially in the highest two concentrations. From the fourth to sixth generation the number of cells increased in all tested concentrations except the two highest concentrations. With regard to amino acid content, results indicated that from the first to sixth generation an increase occurred in amino acid content 24 hrs after exposure and decreased 48-96 hrs after exposure. In the fourth and fifth generation amino acid content increased, while in the sixth generation decreased. That might be explained by the recovery of algae activity at the sublethal concentrations, emergence of algae resistant population as well as increase in algae cell number. The results of allele-specific PCR revealed the presenence of (C) allele in algal cultures which explain the resistance to the herbicide used.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
1
v.
5
no.
2010
265
274
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86721_8c03f826a0ff83b44e368e057b6f83e0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2010.86721
COMPARISON BETWEEN CERTAIN BIO CONTROL COM-POUNDS AND TRICHOGRAMMA PARASITOIDS ON Pectinophora gossypiella AND Earias insulana ON COTTON PLANTS
Mahasen
Abd El-Aziz
Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2010
eng
Results indicated variation effects of certain bio-control compounds (Spinosad and Agrin), plant extract (Tagetes), IGR (Consult) and Cypermethrin & its mixtures [(Spinosad+Tagetes (3:1), Spinosad+Tagetes (1:3)] and Cypermethrin+ Agrin (3:1) in comparison with Trichogramma evanescens parasitoids on some biological parameters of Pectinophora gossypiella and Earias insulana such as%hatching, %larval mortality, larval and pupal weight, %pupation and adult emergence, larval and pupal duration, pupal and adult deformations, as well as effects on yield and yield loss after infestationunder laboratory and field conditions on cotton plants in Minia Governorates.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
1
v.
5
no.
2010
275
288
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86722_d54891fcdd5f9a9d7c654d6d5a11a89c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2010.86722
USING OF CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES AS TOOLS IN STUDY THE TOXIC EFFECT OF DELTAMETHRIN AND PROFENOFOS.
Salwa
Negm
Pesticides Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.
author
M.
Kady
Pesticides Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.
author
A.
Saleh
Pesticides Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.
author
A.
El Alfy
Pesticides Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.
author
text
article
2010
eng
The purpose of the present study is to investigation the potential toxic effects of deltamethrin and profenofos (1/10 and 1/20 of LD50) that have different active ingredient on blood picture and ultrastructure changes on cell's contents of liver and Kidney as tools in study the toxic effects on albino rats.
Obtained data indicated that deltamethrin and profenofos at 1/10 and 1/20 of LD50 caused increase in WBC's count after nine months. While the two formulations caused significant decrease in RBC's count after same time , similar effects were noticed on Hemoglobin value , and platelets count of treated rat.
No sharp variations were noticed between different two formulations and different doses in cellular organelles in liver cells treated rats. The results so far obtained indicated histo-and cytopathological alteration by electron microscope due to the effect of compounds when compared with control ones, some sections poorly differentiated hepatocellular showing marked polymorphis of the nuclei, irregularity of the chromatin and prominent nucleoli in treated rats with deltamethrin when compared with control. Also, in treated with profenofos showed numbers of nuclei and their content in different section by many powers of vision, results show differences and all treatments induce genotoxicity.
Kidney sections of different pesticides revealed many phases of degeneration changes when compared with those of control. Electron microscope appeared differentiated cells containing a cytoplasmic indentation or inclusion filled with brush border material and showed also, that cytoplasm is filled with prominent granular, endoplasmic reticulum containing some dense flocculam materials. Also, electron micrograph appeared differentiated in nuclei and changed in their content such as nucleolus, and chromosomes (chromatid and centromere) so, from the dose applied during nine months results conclude that all tested pesticides show genotoxicity in treated animals.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
1
v.
5
no.
2010
289
298
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86723_edeabe25e6835d808f4f0c518a85303e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2010.86723
IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR LABORATORY REARING OF THE SPINY BOLLWORM, Earias insulana (BOISDUVAL) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
A.
Amer
Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza Egypt
author
A.
El-Sayed
Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza Egypt
author
S.
Raslan
Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza Egypt
author
text
article
2010
eng
Modifications were made in rearing technique of the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisduval), to obtain perfect methods to increase their reproductive ability. Changing the larval artificial diet of E. insulana after seven days with the fresh one of the same diet or natural okra fruits, caused non significant short in the larval and pupal duration, and significant increasing the larval and pupal weight, adult emergency, fecundity and hatchability percentages in comparison with larvae continuously reared on artificial diet without change the diet until pupation.
The use of honey solution either alone or mixture with yeast or vitamin E instead of sugar solution alone or mixture with yeast or vitamin E, in feeding spiny bollworm moths increased the quantity and viability of egg laid per female. The number of eggs per female were 146, 154, 149, 156, 166, 161 eggs, for sugar, sugar + yeast, sugar + vitamin E, honey, honey + yeast and honey + vitamin E solutions, respectively. The numbers of egg per female in presence of cotton boll or okra fruit were 183 and 178 eggs, respectively, which was higher than that obtained in absent of host plant (156 eggs per female).
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
1
v.
5
no.
2010
299
306
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86724_cb8eac8de92ccb100bca9bdb19d0b103.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2010.86724
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION ON THE HERBICIDE STOMP ON NITRATE REDUCTASE IN THE LEAVES OF Gossypium hirsutum L.
M.
Wasfi
Dept. of Botany, U. of K. P.O. Box 321. Khartoum – Sudan
author
Ekhlas
Eltahir
Dept. of Botany, U. of K. P.O. Box 321. Khartoum – Sudan
author
text
article
2010
eng
Foliar application of stomp resulted in drastic diminishment of three parameters in leaves of young plants of cotton. The higher dose of the herbicide (15ppm) provoked reduction in nitrate reductase activity by 46% , 57% after 5, 10 and 15 days respectively. The same dose lowered the total soluble sugars by 40% , 64% and 73% after 5, 10 and 15 days respectively. The nitrate content showed similar pattern and decreased progressively with increasing the dose of the herbicide throughout the run of the investigation.
The negative effect of the herbicide on these parameters could be attributed to reduction in carbon assimilation. Inadequate supply of sugars reduces nitrate uptake and reduction and consequently nitrate reductase being a substrate inducible enzyme is negatively affected.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
1
v.
5
no.
2010
307
311
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86725_016dcef0c0195e44292b67b147163f17.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2010.86725