Studies on Genetic Variations of Males and Females of Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Collected from Different Regions in Egypt
Neima
Al-Senosy
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt
author
Faten
Badr
Plant Protction Research Institute , Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
The present study aims to determine the level of malatox resistance in peach fruit fly (Bactrocera zonata).The surface film petri dish technique and molecular markers such as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) were used to make fingerprinting. Adult flies collected from different areas in Egypt; Siwa Oasis, Assiut, Ismailia, Kafr-Elsheikh and Giza were compared to the laboratory strain. The laboratory strain was tested with the organophosphorus insecticide (malatox) with surface film petri dish technique to estimate the concentration mortality lines. An approximate LC99 value was selected to discriminate for resistance in five field colony populations. Data revealed that individuals collected from Siwa fields exhibited the highest resistance value to malatox followed descendengly by individuals of Assiut, Ismailia, Kafr-Elsheikh and Giza, respectively. RAPD analysis of malatox resistant of B. zonata flies showed considerable differences, the five primers detected a total of 176 bands, with an average of 35.2 bands per primer and percentage of polymorphism ranged from 66% (P13) to 100% (C16). Similarly, ISSR marker gave 100% polymorphism among the five studied primers, produced 161bands with an average of 32.2 bands per primer and found to be potential markers for resistant.These results suggested that malatox treatment created genetic alterations in field B. zonata flies and that may be a reason to initiate or create resistant strains from this dangerous insect pest.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
9
v.
11
no.
2018
721
728
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_44039_bf35b112ca98eb5292fc1308d84f4ddc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44039
Population Fluctuations of Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta Meyrick and its Associated Predators in Tomato Plants and Effect of Insecticides ,Biocides and Sex Pheromone Traps on the Insect Population.
Aml
Abo-Elkassem
Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Plant Protection Research Institute , Kafr El-Sheikh ,ARC ,Egypt.
author
text
article
2018
eng
A field study was carried out at the experimental farm of the faculty of Agriculture, Kafr EL-Sheikh region during two successive seasons 2014 and 2015, to study the population fluctuation of Tuta absoluta larvae and associated predators on tomato plants and determine the effect of some insecticides and biocides on T. absoluta larvae and chlorophyll content in tomato leaves., Also, Relationship between numbers of insect males caught in pheromone traps and its larvae. Results showed that in the first season 2014, T. absoluta larvae appeared in relatively low numbers and increased gradually to exhibit the two peaks (187 and 168 larvae /10 plants on June 24th and July 15th, respectively. The same trend was recorded in the second season 2015. As for predators, Nesidiocoris ternuis constituted the greatest in number followed by true spiders. coccinella undicimpunctata (L.) came in the third rank, while Scymnus spp. was recorded in few numbers. Results indicated that Excellent insecticide was the most potent compound in reducing the population density of T. absoluta larvae with reduction of 90.97, 95.67, 96.26% after application at 5, 7 and 10 days, respectively. with all average 94.2+1.6 of reduction While the least average of percentage of reduction for insect larvae caused by Biotect 48, 41, 86.43 and 85.40% at 5, 7 and 10 days after application, respectively with the least average 71.7+11.7. In the second season 2015, in contrast, Voliam flexi was the most potent compound in reducing the population density of insect larvae with reduction percent of 100.0, 98.1 and 100.0% at 5,7 and 10 days after application respectively, with all average 99.2+0.8 .While Agree compound caused the least average of reduction for insect larvae with 81.5, 78.88 and 84.5% at 5, 7 and 10 days after application respectively with all average 81.6+1.6. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among treatments to reduction of T. absoluta larvaein the first and second seasons. Chlorophyll content grand average increased by Biotect treatment while it was least with Voliam flexi in 2014 and 2015 season. Populations of T. absoluta males appeared in sex pheromone traps had three and four peaks in 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively, while larvae of this insect had two peaks and one peak in the first and second season, respectively.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
9
v.
11
no.
2018
715
720
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_44040_bc71f5abfe17b196a343c8eb0d997af7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44040
Essaying some Plant Powders against Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.), for Protecting Maize Grains from Damage
M.
Mahmoud
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Assiut, Egypt
author
O.
Zedan
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Assiut, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
The experiment was conducted to essay the efficacy of five plant powders, camphor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), datura (Datura stramonium L.), jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.), lantana(Lantana camara L.) and moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. The effect of the powders were observed at different doses, 0.0 (Control), 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0g /100g of maize grains on oviposition, adult emergence and percentages of weight loss and damaged grains. The lowest number of laid eggs was recorded in datura treatment at 3.0g dose, where it was 6.33 eggs then decreased gradually by dose increase to attain 1.66 eggs at 9.0g. Adult emergence decreased significantly by increasing powders doses to attain 1.33, 3.00, 4.66, 13.33 and 21.00 for datura, jatropha, lantana, camphor and moringa powders at 9.0g dose respectively. The highest percentage reduction of eggs and adult emergence were recorded in datura treatment at 9.0g dose, where it was 95.38 and 97.52%; then decreased gradually by decreasing dose to attain 82.41and 83.22% at 3.0g respectively. The lowest percentage of weight loss and infestation at 3.0g/100 grams in datura were 1.92% and 2.66% in average; increasing dose to 9.0g/100 grams gave 0.70 and 0.66% in average, respectively.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
9
v.
11
no.
2018
729
734
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_44041_a152f54c7f6ddb6cd947d81a0609cedf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44041
Diversity and Virulence Dynamics within Puccinia triticina Populations in Egypt
W.
El-Orabey
Plant Pathology Research. Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
author
R.
Omara
Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
author
M.
Abou-Zeid
author
text
article
2018
eng
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is one of the most common diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Egypt and worldwide. To investigate the population genetic structure of the causal pathogen, 468 single isolates were obtained from 193 samples collected from 12 Egyptian governorates and analyzed during 2016/17 and 2017/18 growing seasons. A total of 125 and 101 leaf rust pathotypes were designated during 2016/17 and 2017/18 growing seasons. The most frequent pathotype was STTTK (9.81% frequency), followed by race PTTNS (2.80% frequency) during 2016/17. While, pathotype PTTTT was occurred at a high frequency (12.16% frequency), followed by the four pathotypes; TTTBT, PTTGS, TTTTT and PTTCT (5.88, 5.10, 5.10 and 4.31%, respectively), during 2017/18. Pathotype STTTK is the most geographically distributed as it was detected in nine governorates in 2016/17, but in 2017/18, PTTTT is the most geographically distributed pathotype, where it was found in seven governorates. High similarity was found between leaf rust populations in the five locations, i.e. Domiatta, Sohag, Alexandria, Kafr El-Sheikh and Bani Sweif, during 2016/17 growing season. Also, high similarity was found between leaf rust pathogen populations of Kafr-Elsheikh, Sohag, Beheira, Dakahlia, Sharqiya, Domiatta, Gharbiya, Fayoum and Minufiy, during 2017/18 growing season. The phenotypic diversity within different populations under study was characterized using the three indexes; Shannon, Gleason and Simpson. Shannon index proved to be more suitable to accurately measure the phenotypic diversity between the tested populations of the causal pathogen, as it was sensitive to sample size, number of isolates, number of races and standard deviation of race frequency than the others.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
9
v.
11
no.
2018
735
745
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_44043_abe2f11b8f36993a2897a95009f12f4e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44043
Ecological Studies on Common Land Snail Species Infesting Guava and Navel Orange Orchards in Two Regions at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate
Alyaa
Gazzy
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafr EL- Sheikh University
author
Nadia
Mostafa
Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C
author
Wafaa
Shahawey
Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C
author
text
article
2018
eng
Survey and population dynamics of land snail species were carried out in two regions, Abu-Abdalla village, Sedy salm district and Salait village, Quallen distrect at Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate during two successive seasons, 2015 - 2016 & 2016 - 2017 in guava and navel orange orchards. Survey study revealed the existence of three species of land snails, Monacha cantiana, Cochlecilla acuta and Thiba pisana in both of two orchards in two studied regions. Also, survey showed that M. cantiana was predominant in orchards in two studied villages. The population density of these land snail species was studied on soil, stems and leaves of studied trees. The results showed that the highest population was recorded on the soil around trees during spring season. M. cantiana and C. acuta recorded highest population on guava trees, while T. pisana was recorded with highest numbers on navel orange in two studied regions during two seasons. Population dynamics of land snail species were recorded on guava and navel orange from sep. 2015 until Aug. 2017. The results showed that the maximum number of the three land snails M.cantiana , C.acutaand and T. pisan in the two orchards in sedy salm were (495.1) and (143.9) snails / tree during July and June and the lowest number were recorded (12.4) and (19.0) snail / tree during February and March in the first season 2015 /2016.The results also showed that the highest record was (87.9) and (226.0) snails/tree in guava and navel orange orchards during June and May, meanwhile the lowest records (32.7) & (6.0)snails / tree during February and November, respectively in the second season (2016 – 2017).The results also showed that M.cantiana snail recorded the highest numbers on guava and navel orange orchards (260.2) (139.5) snails / tree, during April 2016 and (501.0)(180.4) snails / tree during April in the second season .Estimation of damage caused by M. cantiana land snails to the two orchards were 13, 7 and 10.4 % in orange and guava respectively.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
9
v.
11
no.
2018
747
750
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_44044_66ad2817bf00accfb74fd58f964f0874.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44044
Effect of Magnetic Water on Adult Emergence of Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) Pupa and Root -Knot Nematode (Meliodogyne incognita) Chitwood
Walaa
Tawfik
Plant protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
author
Wessam
Aziz
Plant protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
author
Marwa
Shalaby
Plant protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
A trial study was conducted to evaluate the impact of using magnetized sea water MSW on the adult emergence of E. zinckenella and to monitor the effect of MSW on M. incognita infecting cowpea plant. A total numbers of E. zinckenella pupa were incubation on plastic containers including soil irrigation with MSW in three concentrations. Although results indicated that, the magnetic concentrations were low, the mortality rate of the E. zinckenella pupa was high on the other hand, when the concentrations increased, the total mortality was increased. Total mortality of pupal stage was 13.75 %, 32.5% and 41.25 %, respectively when, using of magnetic sea water in concentrations 10, 20 and 40 ml.t compared with untreated treatment.In addition, this experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of magnetizing irrigation water on naturally growing of cowpea infected with root-knot nematode M. incognita in sandy soil at three concentrations 10, 20 and 40 ml.t. The obtained results indicated that irrigation cowpea plants with magnetic water induced positive significant effect on the most of studied parameters. The percentage improvement ranged between 63.33, 78 and 97.97, 94.59 in fresh and dry weight.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
9
v.
11
no.
2018
751
754
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_44047_72c64a85d6f09781cdaf0b246fb36d4a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44047
Chitosan as a Potential Postharvest Treatment for Minimizing Rotscausing Decay of some Vegetable Fruits
Samira
Abdelaziz
Plant Pathology Dept. Faculty of Agriculture,Mansoura University , Mansoura,35516 Egypt
author
S.
El-Afifi
Vegetableand ornamentals Dept. Faculty of Agriculture,Mansoura University ,Mansoura,35516 Egypt
author
M.
El-Sheshtawi
Vegetableand ornamentals Dept. Faculty of Agriculture,Mansoura University ,Mansoura,35516 Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
Fungal pathogens such as Alternaria solani in tomato,Rhizopus stolonifer in strawberry, Botrytis cineara in pepper, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in cucumber, and Sclerotium rolfsii in carrot causes many losses of postharvest decay of different fruits affect quality and quantity during the storage, marketing and handling. Its control has been and still largely based on the use fungicides. However, it is able to develop resistance to these chemicals very rapidly, so its control has become problematic.Chitosan (poly-β-(1-4)N-acetyl-d-glucosamine),was applied on maycelial growth of fungi and fruits, by dipping fruits in solution 0.05% and 0.2% concentrations for five minutes. Invitro, 0.2% Chitosan was the best concentration for inhibition of mycelial growth of postharvest fungi giving 75.7% inhibition of A. solani, followed by 76.9% of R.stolonfer,then 94.9% of S.rolfsii.While, the 0.05% chitosan gave moderate inhibition of A. solani and R. stolonifer and gave high inhibition on S. rofsii, while the two concentrations achived complete inhibition in B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum. Chitosan treatments applied with acetic acid on fruits gave significant decrease in disease incidence and disease severity.Resultes indicate that chitosan treatments gives good treatmentfor reducing the maycelial growth of fungi and increasing control of postharvest decay of different fruits and roots.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
9
v.
11
no.
2018
755
758
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_44050_5503c2cf9eb22c3ce0f6f277f7e043a6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44050
Efficacy of some Aqueous Plant Extracts on Egg Hatching and Juveniles Mortality of the Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita under Laboratory Conditions
A.
El- Mesalamy
Agric. Zool. and Nematol. Dept., Fact. of Agric. Al-Azhar Un. , Assiut, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
Aqueous extracts of Zingiber officinale (Leaves), Salvadora persica (Leaves and stem), Moringa oleifera (Leaves), and Origanum vulgare (Leaves), at three concentrations (S, S/2, S/4) were assessed on egg hatching and juvenile mortality of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vitro. Data were recorded after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of application. Results showed that, some of the tested extracts significantly (p =0.05) inhibited egg hatching and increased juvenile mortality as compared to check treatment. The result noted that, the highest reduction in egg hatched and hatching inhibition percentage recorded with Salvadora persica leaves and in juveniles mortality and reduction mortality percentages were (17 and 58.53 %) (136 and 90.67%), respectively.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
9
v.
11
no.
2018
759
761
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_44054_d6eaf6df1458e355b1113eebb8d3f33a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44054
Assessment the Damage on Sugar Beet Plants Caused by the Infestion with Beet Fly, Pegomyia mixta (Vill) in Sharkia Governorate
Aml
Al-Habshy
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center Dokii, Giza, Egypt.
author
S.
Amer
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center Dokii, Giza, Egypt.
author
A.
Abd – Elsamed
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center Dokii, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
The present work was conducted during two successive seasons 2016 / 2017 and 2017/2018 in Diarb – Nigm district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt to study assessment the damage of yield of sugar beet to infestation of Pegomyia mixta (Vill). The results showed that, the relationship between the yield of sugar beet and infestation of P. mixta was negative correlation i.e.; the increasing larval infestation caused the decreasing yield vice versa. The economic threshold level for P. mixta was 3.7 larvae /plant and the economic injury level was 4.1 larvae / plant in the first season, while, in the second season, the economic threshold level for P. mixta was 3.9 larvae / plant and while, in the second season the economic injury level was 4.0 larvae / plant.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
9
v.
11
no.
2018
763
766
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_44057_a8683bc1192c7bba503a8648cd164e2f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44057
Phytophagous and Predacious Mites of Economic Importance on Date Palms in Dakahleya and New Valley Governorates
Ola
Roshdy
Plant Protection Research Institute (Manssoura), ARG
author
A.
Ameen
Plant Protection Research Institute (New Valley), ARG
author
Mona
Ghallab
Plant Protection Research Institute, ARG, Dokki, Giza
author
A.
Hussein
Plant Protection Research Institute, ARG, Dokki, Giza
author
text
article
2018
eng
Phytophagous mites and their natural enemies associated with the date palm trees, Phoenix dactylifera L. in two environmental localities (Gamassa village, Dakahleya Governorate and El-Kharga village, New Valley Governorate) were studied from April 2016 to March 2017. Correlation between population density of studied mites and weather factors (minimum and maximum temperature) at both Governorates over the year was reported. The survey revealed the presence of 13 species of 11 genera belonging to nine families in Gamassa village, while mites of El-Kharga village were two mite species belonging to two families and three species of predators of low populations.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
9
v.
11
no.
2018
767
774
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_44059_4de8ef00a69f1b087168c84720931683.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44059
Antifungal Activity of Spearmint and Peppermint Essential Oils against Macrophomina Root Rot of Cotton
Fathia
El-Shoraky
Institute of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
A.
Shala
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute. Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
Essential oils as natural antifungal substances one of the alternative methods for plant disease control. The present study was conducted during 2015 and 2016 to investigate the antifungal activity and oil constituents of volatile oils from spearmint (Mentha viridis L.)and peppermint( Mentha piperita L.) against cotton root rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina). Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that spearmint volatile oilwas constituted by carvone (60.16%) as a major component followed by 1,8 cineole (8.67%), limonene (7.40 %), dihydro carvone (5.86 %), β- ocimene (4.29%) and pulegone (3.23%). While peppermint volatile oilwas rich in menthone (46.52%), menthol (25.88%), limonene (7.72%) menthyl acetate (3.90%), iso menthol (2.10%) and sabinene (2.03%). Both essential oils with different concentrations were evaluated in vitro against three fungus isolates. The two tested oils exhibited 89.55 inhibition percent for the crude oils, against all the tested fungal isolates. Moreover, it was noticed that as oil concentrations decreased, the inhibitory effect also decreased. At the same time, a highly significant effect of oils at all concentrations was observed during sclerotial formation (number and size). The use of essential oils as seed treatment exhibited a highly significant reduction in disease incidence of cotton which has been artificially infested with root rot pathogen, compared to fungicide and untreated control treatments under the greenhouse conditions. This reduction was calculated to be between 4.56 and 100% compared with a 26.67% reduction with the utilization of Topsin M treatment at the pre-emergence stage. At the post-emergence stage, all applied treatments were able to decrease the percentage of root-rot incidence. Reduction ranged between 66.67 and 100% over the untreated control. Reduction in disease incidence was reflected in a survival plants increase of 34.62–96.17% and 73.09–126.9% for spearmint and peppermint volatile oils, receptively. Results in the current study demonstrated, that application of peppermint essential oils has an observer influence on the plant growth (plant height), which differ significantly from this of spearmint oil.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3677
9
v.
11
no.
2018
775
781
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_44061_f06a029d5e336082ce28aca79c497146.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44061