@article { author = {Soliman, M.}, title = {PERFORMANCE OF CERTAIN INSECTICIDES AND THEIR MIXTURES AGAINST, Tuta absoluta (MEYRICK) AND Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER) INSECTS ON TOMATO CROP AT SOUTH VALLEY REGION}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {197-209}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2012.83751}, abstract = {Impact of certain insecticides and their mixtures (emamectin benzoate, imidaclopride, chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb, profenofos, pyridalyl, methomyl, teflubenzuron) were evaluated against tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) populations on tomato crop at south valley region. LC50 values indicated that emamectin benzoate was the most toxic compound (LC50 0.461 %) against T. absoluta, larvae. The carbamate insecticide, methomyl showed almost similar toxicity followed by in a descending order while teflubenzuron and chlorfenapyr were less effective (LC50 1.054 and 3.165 %), respectively. Pyridalyl was found to be the most effective insecticide against H. armigera. (LC50 0.513 %). The corresponding toxicities of the other tested insecticides, arranged according to their LC50’s in descending order were as follow: methomyl, emamectin benzoate, profenofos, imidaclopride, teflubenzuron, indoxacarb and chlorfenapyr. The LC50’s were ranged between (0.513 and 0.872 %), while, their toxicity indexes were ranged between (92.432 and 58.830 %). On the other hand, there were no differences occurred among the treatments. Mean of percent infestation were decreased 6 weeks after six sprayings, and the percent reduction in infestation were 79.73, 80.22, 78.41, 80.88, 80.50, 78.30, 79.64 and 78.25 % by using emamectin benzoate, methomyl, imidaclopride, pyridalyl, profenofos, indoxacarb, teflubenzuron and chlorfenapyr, respectively. The efficiency of the tested insecticides was increased with increasing the number of sprays from 2 to 6 causing reduction in insect leaf miner infestation ranged between 68.02 to 80.88 %, respectively. Generally, the tested insecticides and their mixtures achieved a considerable reduction in T. absoluta and H. armigera population.   }, keywords = {Tuta absoluta,Helicoverpa armigera,insecticides and tomato crop}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83751.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83751_b5bbe91b7868c7d7cb55577e01ff4a37.pdf} } @article { author = {EL-Argawy, Eman}, title = {OXALIC ACID PRODUCTION BY Sclerotinia sclerotiorum AND ITS RELATION TO PATHOGENICITY}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {211-225}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2012.83753}, abstract = {It has been confirmed the association of oxalic acid with pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates in the present study. The highly virulent SS 34 isolate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was found to be highly oxalic acid producer while the weakly virulent SS 2 isolate was poorly oxalic acid producer. The moderately virulent isolates, however, showed intermediate potential for oxalic acid production. These results were confirmed and explained at the molecular level analysis of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates. The protein banding pattern based on the SDS-Page at 53-12 kDa showed ten bands for the highly virulent SS 34 isolate while only one protein band was recognized for the weakly virulent SS 2 isolate at this molecular weight. The moderately isolates however, showed intermediate number of bands of 3-6 bands at this protein range. Meantime, the highly virulent SS34 isolate showed unique protein bands at both53 kDa and 42 kDa, while, not any of the other analyzed isolates exhibited bands at this protein molecular weight. The only protein band recognized for the weakly virulent SS 2 isolate was at 24 kDa where all isolates showed protein bands at this molecular weight. Five primers were used to study the genetic variability between the tested isolates and the primer R3 showed enough potential to differentiate between the highly virulent and the weakly virulent isolates as nine bands were recognized with the highly virulent isolate while only four bands were existed for the weakly virulent one. The moderately virulent isolates, however, showed intermediate number of bands of 5-8 bands. Meantime, on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and the constructed dendrogram based on the SDS-Page of the isolates protein and that based on the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), It was clear that the highly virulent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SS 34 isolate and the weakly virulent SS 2 isolate were located in two distinct distant clusters. The moderately virulent S. sclerotiorum isolates, however, were located in intermediate sub-clusters.}, keywords = {Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Oxaic acid,Pathogenicity- RAPD (DNA)}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83753.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83753_e08b8a1ef57c2f2438bdf8d0c22aebe4.pdf} } @article { author = {Ragab, Mona and Mostafa, M. and Abdel-Mo'men, S. and Ismail, Marwa}, title = {GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDY OF Phytophthora infestans ISOLATES BASED ON MATING TYPE MOLECULAR MARKERS AND METALAXYL RESISTANCE}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {227-238}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2012.83756}, abstract = {Isolates of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary were collected from potato fields located in main cultivation regions in Egypt during two successive seasons, 2006 and 2007. The ITS4 and ITS5 primers were used to study the genetic variation among the five isolates. Resulted pattern cleared out the differences among isolates concerning the density of the bands and the number in bands for each isolate. A molecular approach was used in order to identify the mating types. Genomic DNA of P. infestans obtained from mycelium grown in pure culture was amplified with the specific primers W16-1/2 and subsequently digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. The results revealed the presence of the A2 mating type in 1 isolate (Salhia, Behira) among 5 isolates obtained from commercial fields in Egypt. Also, since it is observed that fungicides containing metalaxyl are loosing their efficacy in many fields, when in vitro tests for metalaxyl resistance in P. infestans isolates were performed. Results revealed strong presence of the metalaxyl tolerant and resistant phenotypes in Egyptian P. infestans population. Importance of the genetic studies to follow pathogenicity and population structure of P. infestans was noticed. }, keywords = {Phytophthora infestans,mating type,molecular markers,metalaxyl resistance}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83756.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83756_524c21caea441aea64b00a5b86ce0f95.pdf} } @article { author = {Khorshed, Mona}, title = {METHOD VALIDATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN WATER BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER DETERMINATION}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {239-251}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2012.83757}, abstract = {An analytical method for determination of the dissolved trace elements; copper (Cu), iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni)  in the water samples (primarily drinking water); had been validated and introduced into the scope of the Central Laboratory of Residue analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food . The acidified water samples were analyzed by direct aspiration by atomic absorption spectroscopy (flame or electro thermal vaporization) for total metals determination without digestion. The analytical parameters of the method such as limit of quantification and linearity have been investigated. The limits of quantitation were found to be 0.1, 0.05. 0.1, 0.005, 0.3, 2, 1, 1, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.05  mg/L for Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, Cr and Ni, respectively. The method showed to be linear from the LOQ levels up to 4, 5, 2, 1, 0.004, 0.03, 0.04, 0.04, 6, 5, and 5 mg/L levels for Cu, Fe, Mn , Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, Cr and Ni, respectively. The average recoveries of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, Cr and Ni at different levels varied between 70 and 120%. The reproducibility expressed as relative standard deviation of all tested elements was less than 20 %. The measurement uncertainty expressed as expanded uncertainty in terms of relative standard deviation at 95% confidence level for all elements is within the range 15.9%, 31.4%, 16.1%, 29.6% , 26.8%, 26%, 32.6%, 30%, 5.1%, 3.1%, 8.2% for Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, Cr and Ni,   respectively.}, keywords = {method validation,trace elements,water,atomic absorption spectroscopy,Determination}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83757.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83757_a09f253e46cf92ea5c1c42ed87ecd4c7.pdf} } @article { author = {El- Sawi, Sanaa and Khorshed, Mona and Nabil, Y. and Mahmoud, A.}, title = {MONITORING AND RISK EXPOSURE STUDIES OF SOME PESTICIDE RESIDUES DETECTED IN EGYPTIAN FRUIT AND VEGETABLES}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {253-271}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2012.83759}, abstract = {A monitoring study of pesticide residues was carried out in Egypt 2010.A 225 samples of different types of fruits and vegetables collected from nine Egyptian local markets located in nine governorates. All samples were examined for residues of 80 pesticides. Overall, results showed that 57.3% of the samples had no detectable pesticide residues, however, 39.1% contained detectable residues without violation, of which 3.6% contained residues that exceeded maximum residue limits (MRLs). Watermelon, banana, mango, cauliflower and potatoes samples were free from pesticide residues. The vegetables samples recorded the highest contamination percentage without exceeding of the levels of MRL’ (i.e. 53.2%), followed by fruits (i.e.50.7%), and the leafy vegetables had the lowest percentage (i.e. 29.8%). In contrary, data showed that the leafy vegetables recorded the highest violation % (i.e. 8.5%), followed by fruits (i.e. 2.9%), and vegetables (i.e. 0.01%). The violated samples were apricot, grape, green peas, lettuce, molokhia and watercress. The violated compounds were cypermethrin and dithiocarbamates. The highest frequently detected pesticide was dithiocarbamates, followed by chloropyrifos, lambada-cyhalothrin, profenofos, ethion cypermethrin, fenopropathrin, malathion, chloropyrifos-methyl, dimethoate, diniconazol, dicofol and bromopropylate. However, the lowest frequently detected pesticides, which detected only one time, were phenothoate, malaoxon, imazalil, penconazole, permethrin,  chlorfenapyr, iprodione, diazinon and procymidone. The dietary exposures of the most frequently detected pesticides were theoretically calculated to evaluate the risk for Egyptian consumer. As shown by the results, the intake of pesticide residues does not exceed the ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) in any case. It is found to be below 15% of the ADI for all pesticides. The estimated exposure ranges from 0.00025% of the ADI for malathion on each of molokhia and spinach to 14.6% of the ADI for the ethion on tomato. }, keywords = {Monitoring,Pesticide Residues,vegetables and fruits,Risk exposure}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83759.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83759_dbc0b0045b23a0b4c57f68aee24b7126.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Zemaity, M. and El-Hashash, M. and Khorshed, Mona and Ali, Ghada}, title = {DETECTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND HEAVY METALS IN WHEAT SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM LOCAL MARKETS IN DIFFERENT EGYPTIAN GOVERNORATES}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {273-287}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2012.83761}, abstract = {One hundred and fifty five wheat samples were collected from different local markets located in ten governorates in Egypt. All samples were subjected to multiresidue analysis to investigate the residues of organochlorine, organophosphorous, organonitrogen and some pyrethroids. However, only eighty three samples were subjected to heavy metals analysis to investigate lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) levels. In multiresidue analysis, results showed that 60.6 % of all samples analyzed had no detectable pesticide residues, while 39.4% of samples were contaminated with one or more than pesticide residue of malathion, chlorpyrifos-me, pirimiphos-methyl, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos and diniconazole. Also, malathion recorded the highest contamination and violation percentages, where 37.4% of the total number of samples analyzed were contaminated and only 2.6% of samples exceeded the malathion Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established by Codex Alimentarius Commission on Pesticide Residues (CCPR) (0.5 mg/kg). In heavy metals analysis, the results revealed that all analyzed samples were contaminated with at least one of the three investigated elements (Cd, Pb, and Cu), where the contamination percentage was 100%, of which 18.1% exceeded the Maximum Limits (ML's) of the detected elements. Copper was the most frequently detected element, followed by cadmium, and the lowest was lead}, keywords = {Pesticide Residues,Heavy metals,Wheat,detection,Egypt}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83761.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83761_81d2594a5ee07d2f5a132ff1bd6b060d.pdf} } @article { author = {Hegab, M. and Zaki, A.}, title = {TOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIA, Bacillus thuringiensis KURSTAKI ON Pectinophora gossypiella (SAUND.), AND ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI, Beauveria bassiana ON Earias insulana (BOISD.)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {289-297}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2012.83762}, abstract = {Laboratory studies were conducted for evaluate the effect of Dipel 2×, (Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki) against pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.),and Biover® (Beauveria bassiana) (Balsamo) against spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisd.).The accumulated mortalities of both pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella and spiny bollworm, Earias insulana larvae, after six days of treatment, were represented as the acute toxicity were, Dipel 2× attained 17.18±0.63 % larval mortality at 32×106IU concentration against P. gossypiella larvae while Biover® resulted in 15.55±0.59% larval mortality against Earias insulana larvae comparing with 0.00% larval mortality in untreated check. At the  same time the tested biocide Btk (Dipel 2×)  caused different influences on all biological aspects of pink bollworm which decreasing larval duration, pupal weight, pupation percentage, adult emergence, oviposition periods, adult longevity, female fecundity decreased strongly which recorded 149.75±5.23 egg/female comparing with that 362.00±2.31 egg/female in untreated check. The tested biocide Btk (Dipel 2×) also decreasing hatchability percentage that exhibited 73.16±1.15 % as compared with 88.09±0.57 % that achieved in untreated check. Also, results cleared that the effect of Biover® fungi attained decreasing in all biological aspects, except the male and female longevity and oviposition periods compared with untreated check. Female fecundity was moderately influenced when spiny bollworm larvae treated by Biover® that achieved 60.33±11.66 eggs compared with 78.33±5.78 eggs laid /female deposited by check females.  Hatchability percentage of spiny bollworm also decreased vigorously which attained 41.12±6.45% as compared with that 82.33±7.51% in untreated once.}, keywords = {Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki,Dipel 2×,Pectinophora gossypiella,Beauveria bassiana,Biover®,Earias insulana,concentration,Biocides}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83762.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83762_85b86febebee4d5898a5e43b8f702f04.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Hady, A.}, title = {INFLUENCE OF SOME POLLEN SUBSTITUTES ON BROOD REARING OF HONEY BEE AND WORKERS LONGEVITY}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {299-306}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2012.83764}, abstract = {The present study was performed in a private apiary at Ayash village, El-Mehalla EL-Kobra, GharbiaGov. during the dearth season from January up-to March, 2011. Three protein diets were used as pollen substitutes for honey bees, Apismellifera, feeding i.e. soybean flourmaizeflour and wheat flour (alternative protein diets), Also sucrose solution (sugar syrup;) (2 : 1 w/w) was added. All the cages were fed on the mentioned diets for 12 weeks.Results indicated that, significant differences were found between treatment groups in sealed brood rearing workers produced by colonies during the study period  when compared with the control treatment. Colonies feeding on soybean flour showed the increase  in the mean of brood rearing by 75.30 inch2 followed by wheat flour (51.00 inch2) then maize flour (35.30 inch2) comparing with the control treatment (20.30 inch2). Soybean occupied the first rank in the consumption rate (48.46 gm /10 days) followed by 30.00 gm/10 days,in case of maize flour, while was(26.60 gm/10 days) in case of wheat flour. The consumption of sugar syrup increased with soybean diet (711.50 cm3)of sealed broad than the others. Also, The newly emergence workers fed on soybean cake showed the longest mean of age at (16 – 18 days)comparing with the other treatments.  }, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83764.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83764_27a8e013506f99b91d3c992540e7d2e2.pdf} } @article { author = {Saleh, A.}, title = {EVALUATION OF RELEASE OF Diaeretiella rapae (M´ INTOSH) FOR CONTROLLING THE CRUCIFEROUS APHID, Brevicoryne brassicae L. ON CAULIFLOWER PLANTS AT SHARKIA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {307-318}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2012.83766}, abstract = {Rate of parasitism bythe aphid parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (M´Intosh)on the cauliflower aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. as well the hyperparasitism on D. rapae were recorded, at Kafer Sakr districtSharkia Governorate during the two successive seasons 2010-11 and 2011-12. Total means of parasitism rates of D. rapae were 23.58 and 28.06 % during the two successive seasons, respectively. The parasitoid, D. rapae was parasitized by two hyperparasitism species Pachyneuron sp. and Alloxysta sp .The seasonal means of hyperparasitism percentage were 28.42 and 29.67% during period of study, respectively. The parasitoid density, in relation to that of host density, had influenced on percentage of parasitism. The highest percentage reached was 87.75% at 15 D. rapae female parasitoids per cage and the minimum was 46.1% at three female adult per cage. On the other hand, the average parasitism ratios in green houses were 73.94, 60.74, 54.29 and 39.98 at the parasitoid host ratios 1:4, 1:8, 1:12 and 1:16 respectively. Meanwhile the average parasitism ratios in the field were 58.39, 50.01 and 32.49% at the parasitoid host ratio 1:8, 1:12 and in control during the period of release. The result revealed that the best control of B. brassicae population under green houses conditions was achieved using by the power predator prey ratio (1:4 and 1:8) after 28 days from releasing D. rapae. Finally the parasitoid D. rapae can be used as biological control agents B. brassicae in cauliflower plantation under green houses and under field conditions at the parasitoid host ratios of 1:8 and 1:12.}, keywords = {Diaeretiella rapae,Brevicoryne brassicae,Evaluation,percentage of parasitism}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83766.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83766_c1202b33dcf7498d02294ca87a01b01f.pdf} } @article { author = {Fathy, H. and El-Serafy, Hala and Mandouh, Dina}, title = {SURVEY OF AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN FOULBROOD DISEASE ON HONEY BEE COLONIES IN DAKAHLIA GOVERNORATE.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {319-325}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2012.83769}, abstract = {It is essential that beekeepers are able to recognize the diseses and distinguish them from foul brood. Survey was carried out in four districts of Dakahlia governorate (Mansura, Metghamer, Al-Met salsil and Bilqas) from Sept 2009 to Aug2011. Two bacterial diseases of the honey bee larvae were widespread in all districts which were American and European foulbrood diseases (AFB and EFB). AFB disease is one of the most destructive diseases of the honey bee in all apiaries during autumn and winter however; it is spread sometimes during spring. EFB disease is a bacterial disease that effects honey bee larvae before the capped stage, it spread in all districts during spring and summer.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83769.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83769_a7e6ee7044668e11d1ecf256f8bda954.pdf} } @article { author = {Arafa, A. and Abd Elaziz, Hanan and El-Ashry, R.}, title = {ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR CONTROLLING POMEGRANATE BUTTERFLY Virachola livia KLUG (LEPIDOPTERA LYCAENIDAE)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {327-335}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2012.83770}, abstract = {Pomegranate is the most important fruit crop in Kalubeia gevernorate. The fruits are always attacked by the pomegranate butterfly, Virachola livia Klug, causing great loss to the famers. The pomegranate butterflies lay their eggs mostly on the lower half of the fruit body with more preference on north and east directions. In the present work three different methods were used for controlling this pest: First; (by bagging Fruits) as a mechanical method which resulted in 100% protection. The second; by testing neem extract and suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis which gave mor than 95% protection to the treated fruits. The third; by the release of the eggs parasite Trichogramma brassicae at Kalube, (kalubeia govenorate) for two seasons which resulted in reduction of the infestation from 31.3% in 2010 to 3% in 2011. The cost/benefit ratio estimated for the different control methods in this work indicated that spraying with the bacteria B.t was of the least cost in relation with yield production followed by releasing the egg parasite of Tricogramme bressica}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83770.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83770_0dd792b5927707ba32b8547c7a570955.pdf} }