@article { author = {Youssef, Asmhan and Boraei, H. and Hammad, M. and Aref, S. and Farag, A.}, title = {STUDIES ON SELECTION AND RESISTANCE MECHANISM BY ABAMECTIN AND ETOXAZOLE IN Tetranychus urticae (Acari.: Tetranychidae)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {249-256}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2011.86416}, abstract = {This investigation was conductedto study the mode of development of resistance Tetranychus urticae against acaricides. A T. urticae strain was collected from cotton plants grown in the experimental farm of Sakha. After ten generations of selection with abamectin and etoxazole under laboratory conditions, the resistance strain to abamectin and etoxazole started slowly in the first generation until the fourth generation, then began to increase gradually increase until reached the highest peak at the end of the tenth generation ( developed 140 and 37.45  fold resistance, respectively), suggesting that these glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acid phosphate, alkaline phosphate, ATPase and AChE enzymes are important in conferring abamectin and etoxazole resistance in Tetranychus urticae. The major resistance mechanism to abamectin was the increasing activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acid phosphate, alkaline phosphate, ATPase and AChE. The activity in resistance strain developed 602.35, 203.52, 143.87, 8.93,  and 1.31 fold comparable to that in the susceptible strain, respectively, with a percentage of increase equal to 419.38 % for alkaline phosphate. The activity of GST in the resistance strain for etoxazole developed 381.56 fold when compared with the susceptible strain. While the percentage of increase was 163.82 % for AChE.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86416.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86416_10465d98987d67a2ccd3f3bacdadacaa.pdf} } @article { author = {Hatem, A. and Azazy, A. and Abd El-Samad, Salwa and Amer, Reda}, title = {TOXICITY AND BIOACTIVITY OF FEEDING COTTON LEAF WORM, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) LARVAE ON FRESH LEAVES OF SELECTED WEEDS}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {257-273}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2011.86418}, abstract = {This work aims to study the toxicity, biological effects and joint action of the insecticides with selected weeds against the 4th larvae instar of cotton leafworm. Results obtained indicated the obvious differences in their biological parameters when the larvae fed on untreaded fresh leaves of the tested weeds resulted in 100% larval mortality in 9 out of the 16 weed plants.  Larval duration was significantly prolonged in 4 out of 16 recording. The pupation percentage was significantly reduced in 7 treatments that survived after larval feeding and pupated. Pupal duration was significantly shortened in most weed treatments. Adult emergence percentage increased significantly in 1 weed plant while decreased significantly in 2 weeds. Feeding larvae on different weeds drastically inhibited egg production. Hatchability percentage of eggs resulted in different weed treatments was significantly reduced in 2 weeds.  Feeding on weed plants resulted in significant increase in sterility in 3 weeds. The synergism factor resulted from treated weed plants with insecticides indicated that some of weed plants have synergisted effect and the rest of them have antagonism effect after 48h. Data revealed slight to moderate potentiation in toxicity when fresh leaves of 11 weeds were treated with chlorpyrifos. Antagonistic activity was exhibited when fresh leaves of 5 weeds were treated with esfenvalerate. Slight to moderate synergistic activity was achieved whenthe larvae were fed on thiodicarb-treated leaves of 9 weeds. Antagonistic was exhibited when leaves of only 3 weeds were treatd with thiodicarb.}, keywords = {biological effects,Insecticides,Synergism,Antagonism}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86418.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86418_e79e50c1ecb34d51653a407599ac09c0.pdf} } @article { author = {Mourad, A. and Mortada, M. and Khidr, Fatma}, title = {RODENTICIDAL EFFECT OF DATURA PLANT LEAVES UNDER LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {275-281}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2011.86419}, abstract = {The rodenticidal effect of datura plant leaves was studied under laboratory and field conditions. In both free choice and non-choice feeding tests, the chopped green leaves and dry powdered leaves baited with crushed maize, in different ratios, were tested for their rodenticidal activity. The results indicated that the dry powdered baits were more effective than the chopped green baits. Males of albino rats, Rattus norvegicus albinus, were more susceptible than females and pregnant females for all tested cases. In addition, data illustrated that, less amounts of different bait ratios were consumed by females followed by pregnant females and males. With increasing the amount of treated bait rather than crushed maize, the mortality percentages increased and the time to death decreased. This means that the rodenticidal effect of the datura plant leaves considerably differed according to leave condition (green or dry) and bait ratios. The field results were in harmony with the laboratory results as (1 crushed maize : 2 dry powdered leaves) was the most effective against the Shaw jird, Meriones shawi (population reduction, 62.07%).         }, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86419.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86419_8558bfc713fac77dae90f1e3aee0c144.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Eman and Elzun, H. and El-Aidy, Nadia and Zayed, G.}, title = {EFFICACY OF MICROWAVE ENERGY ON: 1- COWPEA WEEVIL, Callosobruchus maculatus (F), SOME OF CHEMICAL CONTENTS AND VIABILITY FOR FABA BEAN SEEDS}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {283-294}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2011.86420}, abstract = {This study conducted to evaluate the efficacy of microwave energy on all stages of cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) reared on faba bean seeds exposed to microwave at the lowest energy (17% of 800W.) for the 2,3,4,5, and 6 minutes. Exposure of adults to microwave energy for 5 minutes caused 90% mortality and complete reduction of progeny. When the eggs laid on faba bean seeds were exposed to microwave energy for 5 minutes, the hatchability was 1.9% compared with control (77.7 %). When the larvae inside the seeds were exposed to microwave energy for 5 minutes, complete reduction of progeny was found. Microwave did not affect on pupa stage at all periods of exposure. There was no significant difference in the chemical composition, crude protein, oil and total carbohydrate contents between treated and untreated faba bean seeds to microwave energy. Meantime, results of SDS-PAGE in soluble seed protein revealed a total number of 22 bands (6 common bands were monomorphic while the other were polymorphic). The maximum number of bands (14) appeared with 5 minutes of exposure time  but when  exposure time  decreased to 3 and 4 minutes, it showed the minimum number of  bands (10). There was no significant differences in viability and seedling vigor traits of untreated or treated faba bean seeds with microwave energy for 2,3,4, and 5 minutes. Highly significant reduction in the viability and seedling vigor were recorded with exposure time of 6 minutes. Highly significant loss of 100-seed weight was recorded after treatment with microwave energy for 6 minutes compared with other treated and untreated seeds. }, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86420.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86420_98e2b6fff97b552d83d26dc57e246dae.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sayed, Sahar}, title = {CONTROL OF FABA BEAN ROOT ROT DISEASE BY USING MICRO-ELEMENTS AND THE FUNGICIDE, RHIZOLEX-T}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {295-304}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2011.86422}, abstract = {Some microelements, namely zinc, manganese and calcium were used singly or in combination with typical fungicide, Rhizolex-T 50 to investigate their effect towards the control of faba bean root-rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Laboratory, greenhouse and field studies were conducted during 2008/2009 & 2009/2010 seasons using the faba bean cultivar, Giza 40. Results of in vitro studies showed that microelements or Rhizolex-T significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen, R. solani when compared with the untreated control.Under greenhouse conditions, all isolatedfungi proved to be pathogenic and caused pre- and post-emergence damping-off while R. solani being the most virulent. All some microelements or the fungicide tested as seed treatments for field experiments led to  an increase in the plant height . Rhizolex-T 50 followed by zinc were the most effective treatments in reducing the incidence of faba bean damping-off. Calcium followed by zinc were the most effective in increasing the number of pods per plant, the weight of 100 seeds, and seed yield / plot. The most effective seed treatment in reducing  the root-rot disease incidence was Rhizolex-T followed by zinc and then calcium. }, keywords = {Faba bean,Root-rot,Rhizoctonia solani,Microelements,zinc,Manganese,calcium,Rhizolex-T}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86422.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86422_265e76a87e215cb74c836b52a9385761.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdulhamid, M. and Atia, M. and Salem, A. and El-Deeb, M. and Awaad, H.}, title = {INHERITANCE OF MAIZE COMMON SMUT RESISTANCE}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {305-319}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2011.86423}, abstract = {Eight white maize inbreds, namely L 120, L74, L 144, L56, L 82, L 71, L 85 and L 173 and 28 F1 maize crosses derived from a half diallel cross among these white inbreds, in addition to S.C. 10 check hybrid were evaluated for their resistance to the common smut disease and also for their grain yield (ardab/feddan) in two seasons. Artificial infection was applied using Ustilago maydis spore suspension (at 5 x 105 sporidia /ml. which was injected into the ear heads (2 ml per ear head) 4 to 7 days after the silking stage). Also, two sowing dates were applied. The results indicated that there were significant differences among the genotypes, parents, crosses and parent vs. crosses for disease incidence (DI), disease severity (DS), total soluble solids (T.S.S.), percent yield reduction and grain yield (ardab/feddan). The parental inbred lines L3 and L4 and their F1 crosses L3 x L4, L3 x L6, L1 x L3, L2 x L4 and L3 x L5 exhibited the lowest values of DI, DS and percent yield reduction with higher values of T.S.S. and grain yield and classified as more resistant to common smut disease than other lines and therefore considered the promising ones. Disease incidence and DS were lower in early sowing than late one. Variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) was highly significant for all the studied characters under the two sowing dates. The additive gene action was more important than the dominance one in the inheritance of common smut resistance measurements, but the non-additive gene action was adequate in the inheritance of grain yield in both sowing dates. Inbred lines (L1), (L2), (L3) and (L4) significantly exhibited negative GCA effects. Hereby these inbreds were the best general combiners for common smut resistance characters, while the inbred lines (L2), (L3), (L5) and (L6) were the best for grain yield. The single crosses (L1 x L8), (L2 x L3), (L3 x L4), (L4 x L6), (L4 x L8) and (L6 x L8) could be recommended to be used in maize breeding program for resistance to common smut disease and high grain yield.Heritability in narrow sense was high (> 50%) for DI, DS and percent yield reduction; moderate (30-50%) for T.S.S. and low (< 30%) for grain yield. }, keywords = {corn,common smut,Ustilago maydis,breeding}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86423.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86423_38e682db2185f953e88c382d482ec702.pdf} } @article { author = {Sameer, W. and El-Tawil, M.}, title = {EVALUATION OF SOME FUNGICIDES AND THEIR MIXTURES FOR THE CONTROL OF TOMATO LATE BLIGHT (Phytophthora infestans) IN EL-ESMAELIA GOVERNORATE.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {321-331}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2011.86424}, abstract = {Eight fungicides (Tridex 80%, Tridex 75%, Mancozan 80%, Antracol 70%, Previcur N 72.5%, Rido copper 50%, Vacomil 35% and Chlorothit 75%) and six mixtures of fungicides (Aromil MZ 72%, Kaproksat-Gold 72%, Sereno 60%, Cure-plus 50%, Ridomil Gold Plus 42.5% and Galben copper 46%) were evaluated in El-Esmaelia Governorate during two different consective seasons of summer 2009 and winter 2010 for their efficacy on late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans) incidence and fruit yield of tomato. All the fungicides were applied at recommended rates. The control showed the greatest disease incidence. All treatments significantly reduced disease severity and raised the yield of tomato compared with untreated control. The tested mixtures of fungicides were more efficient in controlling late blight than using fungicides alone. Ridomil-Gold-Plus, Sereno, Kaproksat-Gold and Aromil-MZ were more effective in controlling late blight followed by Cure-plus, Galben copper, Chlorothit, Vacomil and Previcur-N, followed by three formulations of mancozeb (Tridex 80%, Tridex 75% and Mancozan 80%), while Antracol and Rido-copper were the least effective ones. Generally, application of the fungicide 10- day intervals during tomato growth, was required to protect the plants from natural infection of late blight, which resulted in increasing the yield of tomato fruits. }, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86424.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86424_c3dad686f0ec9dbbcc1310868bc3c69c.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamza, Amany and Soliman, I}, title = {PHYTOTOXICITY AND COMPETITIVE EFFECT OF SOME WEEDS ON ONION CROP AND ITS CONTROL METHODS.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {333-346}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2011.86425}, abstract = {This study was carried out during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons to evaluate the phytotoxicity and competitive effect of some weed species (Ammi majus L.), ( Rumex dentatus, L.), (Chenopodium album L.), (Convolvulus arvensis, L.) and (Melilotus indicus, Ten.) on seed germination, seedling vigour, growth characters and yield of onion. Moreover, to evaluate the efficiency of different control methods (chemical and hand hoeing) against onion weeds. The results showed that, (seeds + roots) exudates of the different tested weeds caused a significant decrease in seeds germination and seedling vigour characters of onion, i.e., seedling length, shoot length, root length and seedling fresh weight. On the other hand  results of  the competitive effect of weed species on growth characters and yield of onion, showed that,  the growing tested weeds with onion decreased significantly onion growth characters, i.e plant height, number of leaves/plant, bulb and neck diameter and dry weight/plant compared to control treatment (onion grown alone). The competitive ability of (Ammi majus) was more  pronounced than the other tested weeds on the growth of onion as well as the average bulb weight at harvest. Also,  results indicated that all herbicidal treatments showed significant efficacy against total weed during both seasons. The most effective treatment against total weeds was hand hoeing twice, followed by pendimethalin, oxadiargyl and Metribuzin + fluazifop-P-butyl, respectively. All tested herbicidal treatments significantly increased onion growth characters during the growing stage and at harvest during both seasons. Bulb onion yield/fed significantly increased to different extents as result of using the tested herbicidal treatments in both seasons as compared to control. Generally, it is concluded that the interference (phytotoxicity and competition) of weeds with onion caused an evident harm in the seed germination, growth and yield of onion especially (Ammi majus) and (Melilotus indicus). So, weed elimination in transplanted onion by these potent herbicides can be recommended for weed control in transplanted onion.}, keywords = {seed,Germination,Efficiency,herbicides, weeds, onion}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86425.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86425_7004ec56bf0cde8c5bb684bbaf74ed6e.pdf} } @article { author = {Amer, Reda and Nafea, E.}, title = {TOXICITY OF HONEYBEE PROPOLIS AGAINST Pectinophora gossypiella (SAUND.), Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.) AND Aphis craccivora (KOCH)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {347-359}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2011.86427}, abstract = {Propolis is a natural resin produced by honeybees colonies in two kinds (Egyptian and Chinese propolis) were tested against some injurious pests i.e. eggs, newly hatched and 4th instars larvae of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora. gossypiella (Saund.), 4th instars larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera. littoralis (Boisd.) and the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) adults and nymphs. The results showed that; the newly hatched larvae is considered the most susceptible stage of the pink bollworm, followed by 1, 2, 3 and 4-day old eggs especially 1-2 day old eggs. While, the fourth instar larvae were the least susceptible than the other tested stages of P. gossypiella to tested propolis preparations. Fourth instar larvae of the cotton leafworm, S. littoralis were treated by propolis and the mortality rates were recorded at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7-day after treatments used by the tested preparations of propolis. The propolis exhibited toxicity effect on the 4th instar larvae of S. littoralis especially at 5-7 days after treatment. Adults and nymphs of the cowpea aphid, A. crassivora were affected and should high susceptibility to the toxicity of the propolis treatments. Collectively, Egyptian honeybee propolis was more effective than Chinese one in all the treatments against the tested pests aforementioned.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86427.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86427_511c871a3642ae0017a98dc418d23d47.pdf} } @article { author = {باطرفي, نفيسة and عبد العزيز, السيدة and العلياني, رحمة}, title = {دراسات هستولوجية وهستو کيميائية على ذکور الجرذان البالغة والمواليد من الفئران البيضاء عند تعرضها للفينول المقلون( أوکتيل فينول ) وتأثير ذلک على ذيل البربخ .}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {361-378}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2011.86429}, abstract = {يعد الاوکتيل فينول 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) من الملوثات البيئية المنتشرة والذى اتضح تأثيره السام والاستروجينى على خلايا الثدييات في المزارع النسيجية ولم يعرف على وجهه التحديد تأثير التعرض للـ OP على الجهاز التناسلي الذکرى للفقاريات البالغة ومنها الإنسان ولذلک تم في الدراسة الحالية: اولا: معاملة ذکور الجرذان من اليوم الأول إلي اليوم 21 بعد الولادة بجرعات فمية قدرها 0 ، 40 أو 120 ملجرام/کيلوجرام من الاوکتيل فينول لفحص تأثير المعاملة خلال الفترة الأولى بعد الولادة على البربخ لذکور الجرذان عند البلوغ. ثانيا معاملة ذکور الجرذان البالغة بالاوکتيل فينول 0)، 40  أو 120 ملجرام/کيلوجرام) لمدة ثلاث أشهر لدراسة تأثير المعاملة المزمنة على الخصوبة الذکرية.     بالإضافة إلي تقدير ترکيز هرمون التستوسترون بالبلازما، عدد الحيوانات المنوية والتغيرات النسيجية المرضية والکيمياء نسيجية بالبربخ لذکور الجرذان المعاملة عند البلوغ ومقارنتها بالضابطة. وتتلخص نتائج الدراسة في النقاط التالية. -  أحدثت المعاملة بالجرعة المنخفضة نقص معنوى في الوزن النسبي والمطلق في الخصي و البربخ عند ذکور الجرذان عمر 12 أسبوع بينما زاد الوزن المطلق والنسبي للخصي، البربخ  للجرذان بالمجموعة (G3) المعاملة بالجرعة العالية . -  ينخفض متوسط ترکيز هرمون التستوسترون في بلازما الدم لذکور الجرذان بعد البلوغ بالمجموعة المعاملة بالجرعة المنخفضة (4.680±1.892 ng/L) والعالية (3.145±0.321 ng/L) مقارنة بالضابطة 5.981±0.569 ng/L  مع وجود فرق معنوى بين المجموعتين (G2 و (G3 المعاملة. -  ينخفض معنوياً عدد الحيوانات المنوية ويزيد النسبة المئوية للحيوانات غير الطبيعية  في ذيل البربخ لذکور الجرذان بالمجموعة المعاملة بالجرعة العالية (G3) مقارنة بالمجموعة المعاملة بالجرعة المنخفضة (G2) والضابطة (G1). وتتمثل التشوهات في الحيوانات المنوية بانفصال الرأس، الانثناء أو الکسر عند منطقة اتصال الرأس بالذيل وانثناء الذيل  }, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86429.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86429_cb7aaa4b4747bc0033302a24a17793b1.pdf} }