@article { author = {El-Gahreeb, A. and Ezz El-Din, H. and El-Sayed, A. and Abdu-Allah, G.}, title = {INVESTIGATION OF RESISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SPINOSAD AND ABAMECTIN RESISTANT STRAINS OF COTTON LEAFWORM, Spodoptera littoralis (BOISDUVAL)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5209-5219}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.180961}, abstract = {The role of mixed function oxidases (MFO), hydrolytic cleavage enzymes and glutathione-mediated reactions in resistance of cotton leaf worm (CLW) Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) toward spinosad and abamectin were investigated using spinosad dipping resistant strain (SDRS), spinosad feeding resistant strain (SFRS) and abamectin dipping resistant strain (ADRS) and compared with the parent field strain (PS). Piperonyl butoxide (PB), MDPOC, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethyl maleate (DEM) as mixed function oxidase, esterase and glutathione transferase inhibitors,respectively, were used in this investigation. The effect of cuticle permeability on the two mentioned insecticides was also studied by injecting the fifth instar larvae of S. littoralis with the two insecticides and treating them topically. Results emphasized that no role of cuticle penetration was found as resistance mechanism in the two spinosad resistant strains (SDRS and SFRS). While, cuticle permeability of ADRS was considered a responsible factor for the resistance of cotton leaf worm to abamectin. Values of synergistic ratio (SR) of spinosad in SDRS were 0.89, 1.11, 0.80 and 1.78 with PB, MDPOC, TPP and DEM, respectively. While SR values of spinosad in SFRS with the same corresponding synergists were 1.70, 1.96, 1.22 and 2.05, respectively. No significant differences were found between spinosad toxicity alone or with any of tested synergist in both strains SDRS and SFRS. These results suggest that metabolic detoxification enzymes play very limited role in the resistance mechanism(s) to spinosad in cotton leafworm (CLW). Values of SR in ADRS with the same corresponding synergists were 3.33, 2.29, 3.08 and 3.33, respectively. While SR values in the parent field strain were 1.08, 1.00, 0.97 and 1.03, respectively, with the same corresponding synergists. These results indicated high activity of detoxifying enzymes in ADRS compared with the parent field strain.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180961.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180961_42dfd3fc4217b3f2423f6a6aabdcfd3d.pdf} } @article { author = {Ezz El-Din,, H. and El-Gahreeb, A. and El-Sayed, A. and Abdu-Allah, G.}, title = {TOXICITY OF SPINOSAD AND ABAMECTIN COMPARED WITH SOME CONVENTIONAL INSECTICIDES AGAINST PARENT FIELD STRAIN OF COTTON LEAF WORM, Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5221-5229}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.180963}, abstract = {     Fifteen insecticides from different chemical groups were tested against the 4th instar larvae of parent field strain of cotton leaf worm Spodoptra littoralis (Boisd.). Two bioassay methods were followed to determine the toxicity of all tested compounds, larval-dip and leaf-dip methods. In the larval-dip bioassay, the most effective insecticide was cypermethrin (LC50 =0.88 ug /ml), while imidacloprid showed the lowest toxic effect (LC50 = 4838 ug/ml). The toxicity order of the tested compounds using larval-dip method was as follow: cypermethrin > indoxacarb > chlorpyrifos >profenofos >chlorpyrifos-methyl > endrin > thiodicarb > methomyl >abamectin > fenvalerate > spinetoram > spinosad > cyanophos > hexaflumuron > imidacloprid. In the leaf-dip bioassay, the indoxacarb was the most toxic compound (LC50 = 0.96 ug/ml), while imidacloprid was the least toxic one (LC50 = 10912 ug/ml). In this method, indoxacarb was more toxic than chlorpyrifos, endrin, cypermethrin, profenofos, thiodicarb, methomyl, spinosad, abamectin, spinetoram, fenvalerate, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cyanophos, hexaflumuron and imidacloprid by 14.35, 16.0, 22.78, 29.94, 31.36, 73.73, 106.11, 128.8, 134.84, 193.16, 211.91, 400.89, 1283, and 11367 fold, respectively. Slope values in both bioassay methods indicated that the insect population was relatively heterogenous in their susceptibility toward the tested insecticides. Toxicity of all tested insecticides was compared for the two methods of application.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180963.html}, eprint = {} } @article { author = {Ezz El-Din,, H. and El-Gahreeb, A. and El-Sayed, A. and Abdu-Allah, G.}, title = {THE ABILITY OF COTTON LEAFWORM, Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.) FIELD STRAIN TO DEVELOP RESISTANCE TOWARD SOME CONVENTIONAL AND BIO-INSECTICIDES}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5231-5241}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.180965}, abstract = {This study aim to investigate the development of resistance in cotton leaf worm (CLW) to spinosad and abamectin comparing with the development of resistance toward cypermethrin and methomyl as conventional insecticides. All tested strains were selected by dipping the whole 4th instar larvae. Spinosad was only the compound which tested by feeding method in addition to the dipping technique. The spinosad feeding resistant strain (SFRS) was built up by supplying the 4th instar larve of S. littoralis (Boisduval) with castor leaves treated with spinosad for 23 successive generations continuously in the laboratory. Using dipping technique, spinosad, abamectin, cypermethrin and methomyl resistant strains ( SDRS, ADRS, CDRS and MDRS; respectively ) were selected by exposing the 4th instar larvae for 25 generations to each of spinosad and abamectin; and for 32 generations to each of cypermethrin and methomyl. Results indicated that the ability of the field strain of CLW to develop resistance toward spinosad by the two tested techniques were very high. Resistance ratio (RR) values for SDRS and SFRS were 108 and 87 fold, respectively. The ability of building up resistance toward abamectin and methomyl were almost like each other and not as high as spinosad ( only 19 fold ). Developing resistance toward cypermethrin was quiet higher than abamectin and methomyl ( 31 fold ) but still not as high as spinosad.}, keywords = {Development of resistance,Spodoptra littoralis,Spinosad,Abamectin}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180965.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180965_2beb03c4375bcbf750dcff8cbb1471f5.pdf} } @article { author = {EL Sadany, M. and Aly, Nagda and Eshra, E. and Mesbah, H. and Ghoneim, Emtiaz}, title = {TOXICITY OF CERTAIN COPPER FUNGICIDES AND OTHER PESTICIDES TO TERRESTRIAL SNAILS}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5243-5249}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.180971}, abstract = {Toxicity of certain copper fungicides to the small garden snail, Theba pisana was evaluated fed on sprayed cabbage leaves at the concentrations of 0.5% , 0.25% and 0.125% . According to LT50 values. The obtained LT50 values  were 4.67, 5.18 and 8.41 day, with copral; 5.62, 6.39. and 7.54 days for Kocide 2000. 5.47, 5.59 and 9.40 days for Galbin copper, respectively. Besides, molluscicidal efficacy of the copper fungicides, against the small garden snail, Theba pisana fed on sprayed lettuce leaves was carried out. The LT50 values expressed in were 2.67 for copper Acrobate (5% Cu, as copper oxychloride), 3.50 for Kocide 2000 (5% Cu, as copper hydroxide) and 2.17 for Galbine copper (5% Cu, as copper oxychloride + benalxyl). On the other hand, the toxicity of poisoned baits against the brown garden snail, Eobonia vermiculata was assessed. Baits of  methomyl (2% a.i.), cadusafos (2% a.i.), carbendazim (2% a.i.), Copral (5% Cu), Kocide 2000 (5% Cu) and imidichlopride (2% a.i), gave LT50 values of 1.54, 6.19, 7.00, 4.39, 4.94 and 6.52 days, respectively.      Toxicity of poison baits to the white sand snail, Helicella vestalis was assessed by baits of Lannate (methomyl) 2% a.i., Rugby (cadusafos) 2% a.i., Kocide 2000 Copper oxychloride (2% Cu), kemazed (carbendazim)., 2% a.i, and Confidor (imidichlopride) 2% a.i. The obtained  LT50 values were 3.40, 6.48, 10.62, 6.10 and 8.73 days, respectively.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180971.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180971_7cc910a51e8af67d16527b5de0d8b3e0.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Wahab, Horia and Ebrahim, Soad and Shalabi, H.}, title = {EFFECT OF PLANT AGE AND CERTAIN WEATHER FACTORS ON THE POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS OF Earias insulana (BOISD) ON OKRA PLANT AND PRODUCTIVITY}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5251-5257}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.180974}, abstract = {Field experiment was conducted at Qualubia Governorate during two successive seasons 2006and 2008 to study the population fluctuation of  Earias insulana on two Okra varieties. In addition, to study the effect of certain weather factors (daily mean temperature, daily mean R.H.) and plant age on the two Okra cultivars during two seasons. The obtained results showed that: the number mean of E. insulana started to occur on July27th and increased gradually reaching the peak in September 14th or plant age (163 days from sawing). The high number of larvae was recorded (7.8 & 6.3 larvae/10pods and 7.7 &6.8larvae/10pods) during the first and second seasons on the Okra varieties (Eskandarani and Balady), respectively. The weather factors (mean Temp. and plant age) had significant effect on population of E. insulana larvaewith two varieties (Eskandarani and Balady) also the relative humidity had negative significant effect on population of E. insulana during two successive seasons 2006 and 2007 on two cultivars, respectively. The percentage of variance explained by three tested factors during two seasons, was 52.6&52.0 % and (89.7 and 95.4%) for the two Okra varieties, (Eskandarani and Balady), during two seasons respectively. Balady variety gave the highest yield, then Eskandarani variety during two seasons respectively.  }, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180974.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180974_c525d2978eec40595f26847ff48774f4.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Hafez, Alia and El-Lebody, Karima and Hassan, K. and Ahmed, Dina}, title = {HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SOME BIOCIDES ON THE FOURTH ABDOMEN SEGMENT OF Pectinophora gossypiella (SAUND.)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5259-5268}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.180975}, abstract = {The newly hatched larvae of pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) were fed for two days on artificial diet treated with the LC50 concentration of some biocides i.e., Agrin (Bt), Ecotech-pro (Btk x Bta) and Bio-clean (Btk x Beauveria. bassiana). The survived 2nd and 4th instar larvae of normal appearance fed on treatments and control diets were used to study the histopathological changes of the aforementioned biocides on the fourth abdomen segment. Examination of the microtomical transverse sections of this segment showed abnormal effects in the histopathology of some organs and tissues (midgut, Malpighian tubules, fat bodies, body muscles & cuticle) of the treated larvae. Generally, the pathological effects of the tested biocides were more serious against the 2nd instar larvae than against the 4th one. The type and degree of these effects differed according to the tested biocide, whereas Bio-clean was the most potent one.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180975.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180975_baeec78b3ff9268e06cca9cd63620b7d.pdf} } @article { author = {Salem, H. and Mohamed, H. and El-Sisi, A.}, title = {CORRELATION BETWEEN PRESENTATION OF CAUMARIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES IN PLUM TREES (Prunus domestics L.) AND ITS RESISTANCE FOR INFESTATION WITH APHID, Hyalopterus arundinis (FABR)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5269-5273}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.180976}, abstract = {The chemical analysis of spring and autumn leaves of plum can give important informations for the relation between chemical components and the susceptibility of plum leaves to be infested with aphid. So, spring and, autumn leaves from the local plants Prunus domestica L. were subjected to chemical analysis to isolate the flavonoid coumarins which are phenylpropanoid in origin especially those formed by ring closer to a C6-C3 compound such as o-hydroxy cinamic acid.  Results revealed that spring and summer leaves, have been containing either hydroxy or oxy-coumarin (HC or OC) in the C3,  propane unit.  Whereas the autumn leaves contain coumarin with C3, unsaturated propane unit. When the commercial coumarins were tested against adults of the aphid.  Hyalopterus arundinis (Fabr) through stretched membrane on synthetic diet, coumarin gave feeding stimulants at 2X10-3 molar while the other two compounds  (HC and OC) changed the effect of the molecule on aphid feeding from stimulatory to inhibitory. Hydroxy coumarin was very feeding inhibitor at 2.5 X 10-3 molar while oxy-coumarin was lethal at 1.5 X 103 molar. That may, in part, explain why aphid harboured abundantly plum plants in autumn, since the leaves are containing coumarin which used as an antifrost agent and protected them with their adults, from severe cooling during winter. On the contrary, the spring and summer leaves have been containing hydroxy and oxy-coumarin. In Egypt, aphids protect themselves against the low temperature of winter by feeding on Handaquoq and sweet clover in which they have coumarin.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180976.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_180976_1a2018ac7a94acc54a6264857027c039.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamady, Aziza and EL-Shrif, Sherifa and Girgis, N. and Moustafa, Omayma}, title = {INTERACTION OF TWO BOTANICAL COMPOUNDS WITH Bacillus thuringiensis KURSTAKI AGAINST Spodoptera littoralis}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5289-5296}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.181736}, abstract = {The toxicity of B.t. (Dipel 2X 6.4% and Protecto 9.4%) alone and combinations of B.t and garlic and hot pepper soaks in water and mineral oil (Alphaz.) was examined on the first instar larvae (neonate) of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd). Pepper and garlic soaks in water or in oil increased the efficiency of Dipel 2x and protecto against the neonates of the cotton leaf worm. The toxicity of Dipel 2x was increased by 2.82, 14.55, 8.41 and 13.61 folds when it used in mixture with pepper soak in water, pepper soak in oil, garlic soak in water and garlic soak in oil respectively . The results also indicate that the addition of garlic or hot pepper soaks in water or oil to protecto gave the highest values of relative toxicity, whereas 5.15, 9.44, 6.39 and 14.06 folds also obtained with the same mixtures, respectively. On the other hand, twenty–two compounds were indentified in the water extract of hot pepper. The dominant compound was 4H–pyran-4-one, 2-3 dihydro -3,5-dihydroxy 6-methyl which appeared at Rt 7.61 min with 29.64% area. While twenty-one compounds were detected and identified in water garlic extract. 2- Furan carboxaldehyde, 5 hydroxy methyl was the dominant compound represented 66.31% of the total area of this extract .}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_181736.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_181736_6188de393b6b4e1b0e809f235f4fd444.pdf} } @article { author = {Hussain, A. and El-Kordy, M. and Shehata, I. and El-Refaay, M.}, title = {SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF THE ORIENTAL WASP Vespa orientalis L.,( HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE ) AND EFFICIENCY OF STICKY TRAPS AS A TOOL FOR ITS CONTROL}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5289-5304}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.181737}, abstract = {Oriental hornet  Vespa orientalis L.,causes a great damage to apiaries , where it attacks larvae and adult of the bees also it attacks the honey , Our research carried out in apiary of faculty of agriculture Al-Azhar university at Mosturod location, Kalubia governorate during  2002 and 2006  seasons, The population dynamic of this pest was studied by using sticky traps and the effect of the coloured sticky traps on the wasps catching number. Oriental wasps appear in the first week of April and decreased gradually to the minimum levels during June and July. Then the activity of wasps increased gradually from the second week of August to the fourth week of September. The maximum Total numbers of wasps recorded in October, September and November, after that these numbers decreased gradually at the first week of December.  The pink sticky traps proved to be the most, attractive method followed by orange and the white ones. On the other hand, black color proved to be the least one. The mean numbers of captured hornets by these sticky traps were 43.33, 30.66, 17.33, 11.66 wasps/ trap/ day respectively. Opposite trend was recorded for the mean numbers of captured honey bees by these coloured sticky traps                                }, keywords = {Oriental Wasps,seasonal fluctuation,capturing,Sticky traps}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_181737.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_181737_55104b88600b7e318f53e9af7f5505d7.pdf} } @article { author = {Soliman, A. and Mortada, M.}, title = {INCIDENCE OF RESIDENT AND MIGRATORY BIRD SPECIES COLLECTED FROM BURULLUS PROTECTED AREA IN KAFR EL-SHEIKH GOVERNORATE.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5305-5309}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.181738}, abstract = {Resident and visitor bird species were collected from Burullus protected area in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during two successive years 2007/2008. Data revealed that 24 bird species in 17 families and 10 orders were recorded during the survey. The most common resident species in this habitat were: moorhen, Gallinula chloropus, Purple gallinule, Porphyrio porphyrio, little tern, Sterna albifrons, King fisher, Alcedo rudis, little Bittern, Ixobrychus minutus-Senegal coucal, Centroipus senegalensis and little grebe, Tachybatus ruficollis. While, the most common winter visitors were gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea, northern Pochard, Aythya ferina, teal, Anas crecca, Wigeon, Anas penelop < /em>, Shovler, Anas clypeata, Black-headed Gull, Larus fuscus, pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta Gray heron, Ardea cinerea and little Bittern, Ixobrychus minutus.                 Also, twelve species were recorded as autumn passer i.e. swallows, Hirundo rustica, Gray wagtail, Motacilla cnerea, common quail, Coturnix coturnix, northern pochard, Aythya ferina, Teal, Anas crecca, Wigeon, Anas Penelope, Shoveler, Anas clypeata, little tern, Sterna albifrons, red shank, Tringa erythropus Bee eater, Merops apiaster, little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus and turtle dove, Streptopelia turtur.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_181738.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_181738_586305818ca5c685710c3b98391b4708.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdalla, M. and Zaied, S. and Shabana, Y. and Khwaga, Amal}, title = {MANAGEMENT OF FLAX POWDERY MILDEW AND EFFECT OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND FIBER TECHNICAL CHARACTERS}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5311-5325}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.181741}, abstract = {Field trials of flax plants were sown during two successive growing seasons 2006 and 2007at Gemiza Agriculture Research Station, Gharbiya governorate, Egypt. The effects of relative humidity (RH) and temperature on flax powdery mildew (Oidium lini Sikoric) were studied in controlled environments to define conditions that affect disease development in flax. In this study, four cultivars; Sakha2, Giza8, Liflora and Escalina were evaluated for disease development. Two different fungicides; Bayfidan, Tobas 100-EC and two novel antifungal compounds; Bion and Tannic acid were foliar sprayed at three intervals to control powdery mildew. Data showed that the germination of conidia and symptoms appearance at a constant temperature at 25˚C failed to occur at 0% RH but by increasing the RH to 50, 60 and 75% infection process occurred by conidia and symptoms appeared. The highest level of conidia germination and infection establishments expressed as high diseases incidence percentage was observed at 25˚C and 75-100% RH.  Disease control with fungicides and antifungal compounds showed significant differences among all treatments sprayed with Tobas 100-EC, Bayfidan, Bion and Tannic acid compared with the control. Significant effects were observed on yield, yield components, technological characters for fiber and chemical character of seed oil.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_181741.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_181741_0ab7fa93831c8ca637fd64a4e4c9f6d0.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Halim, K. and Hussein, A. and Shahin, E. and Kenawy, A. and Issa., Y.}, title = {TERRESTRIAL SNAILS AS BIOINDICATIVE ORGANISM FOR ASSESSING ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AGROCHEMICALS IN RURAL AREA.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5327-5335}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188362}, abstract = {Terrestrial snail, Monacha cantiana was used as a bioindicative organisms to assess the ecotoxicological effect in El Behira governorate. Five districts (El-Dalengat, Kom Hamada, Damanhour, Shoubrakhet and Etay El-Baroud) were selected for the animals collection during winter and spring seasons of 2008/2009. AChE activity was observed at a highest value (71.65 mmole/mg protein/min) in Damanhour district which considered a control zone. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is an indicative criteria of exposure to chemical stress, was showed the lowest inhibition (13.7 IU/ mg protein) in Etay El-Baroud. On the other hand, from the family of enzymes with important roles in the biotransformation of xenobiotics substances, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was chosen.  It recorded significantly decreasing in activity of snails collected from El-Dalengat, Damanhour and Etay El-Baroud districts, respectively, with values (63.01, 73.54, and 87.99%) compared with control. The terrestrial snail was an efficient bioindicator that accumulate bioavailable contaminants as a diagnosis tools for toxicological responses.}, keywords = {Land snails,Rural areas,Ecotoxicologic effect,Agrochemicals}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188362.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188362_86f08953ea459bcd3e9d119355008a4c.pdf} } @article { author = {Badawy, H. and Barakt, A. and Salama, E. and Khorshed, Mona and Maatook, G.}, title = {ESTABLISHMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHOD AND MONITORING FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN HONEY SAMPLES}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5337-5348}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188367}, abstract = {An analytical method for determination of the heavy metals; lead, cadmium, copper and mercury in honey sample was introduced for validation into the scope of the Central Lab of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food. The limit of quantitation of the heavy metals; Pb, Cd, Cu and Hg was ranged between 0.002 and 0.5 µg/g. The mean recovery ranged from 94.0 to 111.0 % at low spike level, and from 100.0 to 112 % in high spike level. The tested concentrations were found to be linear from the limit of quantitation; 0.02, 0.002, 0.50 and 0.01 µg/g up to 0.10, 0.03, 4.0 and 0.10 µg/g for Pb, Cd, Cu and Hg, respectively. The method was found to be precise, which the RSDr for all the heavy metals studied were less than 9% and they having a reproducibility of less than 12.1%. The expanded uncertainty (at 95% confidence level) was found to be 28%, 24%, 14%, and 26% for Pb, Cd, Cu and Hg, respectively. The applicability of the accredited method to routine analysis was continuously assessed by analyzing eightteen honey samples, which were collected from three different Governorates; El Sharquia, El Fayum and Bani Suwayf during year 2006. All the collected honey samples were free from any traces of Hg. Copper was the most abundant element present in all the honey samples. The detected amounts of Pb and Cd in the all collected honey samples were lower than the Maximum Limits (MRL).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188367.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188367_1d47ebb6edb20dd5fed9ad036337d391.pdf} } @article { author = {Salama, E.}, title = {PERSISTENCE OF SOME PESTICIDES ON AND IN GRAPE AND GRAPE LEAVES}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5349-5355}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188388}, abstract = {       Ebshoai and Sennoris  are two cities were selected in Fayoum governorate to evaluate four  pesticides {azoxystrubin, l-cyhalothrin, fenhexamid and cyprodinil } for persistence and preharvest intervals. Grape and  their leaves were sprayed with  three fungicides and one pesticide in two mentioned areas, a represented samples were collected from initial time passing through 1, 4,7,10,13,16 and 21 days. A Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method were used for the extraction and clean-up and the pesticide residues were determined by injection on LC-MS/MS, The method  were validated, the results showed that the recoveries were more than 80% and the coefficient of variation were less than 12%.       Results of analysis revealed  that most of the PHI  for the four compounds  were not more than 21 days, Azoxystrubin showed a decay from 0.53 and 0.77mg/kg to 0.15 and 0.45mg/kg in grape and grape leaf after 21 days. l-cyhalothrin residue was decayed from 3.41 to 0.19mg/kg and from 1.76 to 0.33 mg/kg  for grape and grape leaf consequently with a steep decline in the first day. Another disintegration was found in fenhexamid residue from 2.86 to 0.46mg/kg and from 1.85 to not detected after the studied time. Cyprodinil  has shown  a decay in its residues from 2.36 to 0.58mg/kg and from o.15 to not detected for grape and its leaf after 21 days from spraying.        Comparing all residue levels with the legislated Maximum Residue Limits by Codex Alemintarius Committee (CAC) and  European committee   . All grape are acceptable since the MRL's of azoxystrubin, cyprodinil and fenhexamid established  for table grape are 2, 3 and 5 mg/kg consequently, whereas in case of grape leaf  for the last three fungicides were 0.05 for each of them. Level of cprodinil and fenhexamid detected on grape and grape leaf are within the acceptable limits of (CAC), after on weak of application however, azoxystrubin on grape leaf exceeded the EU MRL that could be reduced after carried out processing such as washing, boiling before consumption. }, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188388.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188388_1b89a13bcec45da09d3073292dca6550.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Seady, A.}, title = {EFFECT OF IMIDACLOPRID ON EARLY SEASON SAP SUCKING INSECTS IN RELATION TO ANALYSIS OF ITS RESIDUES IN COTTON PLANTS}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5357-5363}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188389}, abstract = {The experiment was carried out at Etay El-Baroud Research Station, El-Beheira Governorate during 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of imidacloprid insecticide as seed treatment on the early season sap sucking insects; thrips (Thrips tabaci), aphids (Aphis gossypii), jassid (Empoasea lybica) and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on cotton plants. Also, the investigation included the determination of imidacloprid residues in cotton plants. Results indicated that the initial efficiency against thrips was 87.16 and 86.91% and was 94.84 and 93.06 % against jassid in the two seasons, respectively. The residual efficacy was found to be 58.81 % and 57.55% as a general average after seven weeks against aphids, whereas it was 60.35 % and 59.36% against whitefly in the two seasons, respectively. Concerning the residues analysis of imidacloprid in cotton plants by HPLC, the data indicated that the residue amount was 0.0923 and 0.0123 µg/g plant after two and seven weeks of treatment, respectively.                 It can be concluded that early season sucking insects can be controlled using imidacloprid as seed treatment. A reasonable efficacy and considerable residue effect (6-7 weeks after cultivation) was obtained. Imidacloprid insecticide can be applied in IPM programmes to minimize the use of insecticides to keep environment and beneficial insects.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188389.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188389_42db5d44f14a6dd09c8f5957f85e375b.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd Al-Fattah, M. and Sorour, Manal and Nour El-Din, Enas.}, title = {CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HONEYBEE (Apis mellifera L.) BROOD}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5365-5371}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188390}, abstract = {Brood of honeybees (larvae & pupae), was periodically collected at 15 day intervals from the bee hives. The chemical components of these brood were determined and compared with the familiar protein sources. The results indicated that the fresh honeybee brood is rich in protein (16%), fat (3.7%), carbohydrate (4.1%), fiber (0.7%) and ash (0.9%). Several minerals were detected in brood of honeybees, i.e., K, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn, in considerable amounts., vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, B12 and C) were also detected in a pronouncing concentrations.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188390.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188390_a9a0cbd943740c368acdb0ee88b6eb0b.pdf} } @article { author = {El -Shemy, A. and Abd Al-Fattah, M. and El -Massarawy, M.}, title = {EFFECT OF CROSS-POLLINATION ON CROP COMPONENTS AND CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF CANOLA (Brassica campestris L. AND Brassica napus L.) UNDER GIZA GOVERNORATE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5373-5380}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188391}, abstract = {This work was carried out in the apiary of Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, during two successive seasons (06/07 & 07/08), to evaluate the effect of open pollination on the seed yield of canola (Brassica campestris & Brassica napus). Also, the Germination Speed Index (GSI), Germination Percentage (GP), and chemical composition of seeds that produced from open and caged plots were determined.         The obtained data showed that the open pollination resulted in increasing the number of pods/plant; weight of seeds/plant; mean yield/feddan, and seed index (weight of 1000 seeds) than those produced from caged treatment. Also, the presence of pollinators on canola increased the germinability of resulting seeds from 74.00% to 96.00% and from 88.00% to 98.00% for both species, respectively. The open pollination induced an alternation of chemical composition of seeds and increased the total lipids; crude protein, and carbohydrates than seeds produced from caged treatments.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188391.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188391_d59594e8771bdb7d8da3d4d562e121c5.pdf} } @article { author = {Kishk,, E.}, title = {COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECT OF SOME PESTICIDES , BIOCIDES AND BIOAGENTS IN CONTROLLING ONION WHITE ROT DISEASE CAUSED BY Sclerotium cepivorum (BERK)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5381-5392}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188393}, abstract = {             This study was carried out to compare effect of some pesticides and bioagents or biocides in controlling onion root rot disease caused by Sclerotium cepivorum (Berk) . In the experiment  field four fungicides (triflumizole , benomyl , thiophanate-methyl and  dimethomorph) , two herbicides  (pendimethalin and butralin) , one insecticides  (KZ oil) , four bioagents (Trichodermaharzianum , T. viride , Bacllius  subtilis and Bacllius pumilius) and four commercial biocides (Plant guard , Biozeid ,  Bio Arc and Rhizo –N )were applied to control this disease under naturally infested field .The tested compounds were treated as seedling treatment and as spray treatment .The results indicated that fungicides in general were the most effective in  reducing disease incidence followed by commercial biocides , herbicides and insecticide (KZ oil) . Also fungicides used were the most effective in increasing plant height , blub diameter , total soluble solids and yield .The best effective biocides was Plant guard followed by Biozeid, Bio Arc and Rhizo –N in controlling onion white root rot disease . The lowest effect was obtained by KZ oil which used mainly as insecticide and herbicides had moderate effect in controlling the disease.                        }, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188393.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188393_30ad6f69960710b1993074a04a473ff0.pdf} } @article { author = {Awad, H. and Amer, G. and Gouda, M.}, title = {COMBINED APPLICATION OF TWO TRICHODERMA SPP., FUSILEDE SUPER HERBICIDE AND COMPOST IN CONTROLLING RHIZOCTONIA DAMPING-OFF AND ROOT ROT ON SUGAR BEET}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5393-5400}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188399}, abstract = {Soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi cause heavy crop losses all over the world. Among tropical and subtropical land crops, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important crop followed sugar cane. A large number of diseases attack sugar beet plants in Egypt an all over the world .Of these, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum  and Sclerotium rolfsii. This work was carried out under field conditions of Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 growing seasons. In the present study, integrated management of R. solani of sugar beet using cominations of controlled amounts of pest-fighting micro-organisms to compost (Bio-pesticides) were effective in controlling the disease. A combined application of Trichoderma virdi or Trichoderma harzianum, Fusilede super herbicide and compost were the best. Using composted T. virdi + Fusilede superherbicide + R. solani followed by T.harizianum + Fusilede superherbicide + R. solani showed 82.05 and 81.64 % survival plants. Also, compost alone showed 59.55 survival plants comparing with R. solani control treatment(27.50). The results indicated that the application of these combinations successfully decrease severity and also increases the growth of sugar beet plants, sucrose and total soluble solids.}, keywords = {Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium oxysporum,Sclerotium rolfsii,Trichoderma virdi,Trichoderma harzianum,Fusilede super,herbicide,compost}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188399.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188399_101749a0170fb7924eb3153794d75188.pdf} } @article { author = {Gohar,, I. and Maareg, M.}, title = {EFFECT OF INOCULUM LEVEL, TYPE, PLANT AGE AND ASSESSMENT DATE ON EVALUATING SUGAR BEET RESISTANCE METHODS FOR ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, Meloidogyne incognita}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5401-5419}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188401}, abstract = {The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of inoculum level, inoculation date, assessment date and inoculum type, on evaluating M. incognita resistance in sugar beet, and to optimize the resistance screening technique used to categorize root-knot nematode resistant sugar beet cultivars under the greenhouse conditions (25±2.5°C). A series of greenhouse tests were done using seven sugar beet varieties with three levels of resistance to M. incognita. The three resistance levels could be separated based on gall indices as early as two weeks after inoculation (WAI) using 6000 eggs of M. incognita per plant. Results indicated that based on gall index, low inoculum level (500 and 1000 eggs/ plant) could separate four sugar beet varieties from each other only on the fourth assessment date (8 WAI) for inoculum level 500 eggs/ plant and on the third assessment date (6 WAI)  for 1000 eggs/ plant inoculum level. Harvest date affected galling in sugar beet roots (P ≤ 0.001); there was a significant interaction of harvest date × variety (P ≤ 0.001), the increase of gall index was greater for variety Elan than for the other tested verities.                 Based on galled area index, the resistant and susceptible varieties could be separated successfully as early as 2 WAI. At the highest tested inoculation level (12000 eggs/ plant), but it couldn't be separate between the moderately resistant and the susceptible or between resistant and moderately resistant ones at P ≤ 0.001. Based on eggs per gram root, the four sugar beet varieties with three levels of resistance to M. incognita were separated at the inoculation rate of 8000 eggs/ plant by 6 WAI and at 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 12000 eggs/plant by 8 WAI. In addition to gall number, gall index, galled area index, eggs per gram root, egg mass number and egg mass index were also used to assess the resistance levels in the sugar beet varieties. Gall index was found to be the most sensitive method of all measures used for assessing resistance. Inoculum type i.e. eight thousand eggs and 2000 J2 did not result in significant differences in galled area index at the two investigated harvest dates. Plant age at time of inoculation affected gall development on the tested sugar beet varieties however; the effects on Av poly, Lados and M 9680 were not as great as on Del 939 and Elan. But, the same tested verities could not be separated into their appropriate resistance categories with inoculation at 0 and 40 day after planting.                 The importance of such study is the identification of a rapid method for assessing resistance in sugar beet varieties to root-knot nematodes, takes less than 100 days.}, keywords = {Egypt,Evaluating,Sugar beet,Meloidogyne incognita,greenhouse assessment date,varieties reaction,inoculation date,inoculum level,inoculum type,method,resistance evaluation,root-knot nematode,gall indices,eggmasses,varieties}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188401.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188401_a7641557541fe2eed60dd076be9b5f33.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahrous,, H. and Azmy, Azza}, title = {EFFECT OF PLANT AGE , SOIL TYPE, BIO-FERTILIZER AND FUNGICIDE APPLICATION ON THE INFECTION BY ROOT ROT OF APRICOT .}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5421-5431}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188411}, abstract = {Two experiments were carried out to study the effect of plant age and soil types on the infection with root rot of apricot transplants under green house conditions, Results of  the first trial showed significantly that the transplants of 3 years- old were more resistant than 2 years- old plants and one year- old when transplanted in soil artificially infested with each of Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizoctonia solani and Botryodiplodia theobromae separately. Results of the second  trial showed significantly that the transplants grown in clay sandy soil exhibited the best results where the infection with root rot recorded the lowest  values. Concerning the effect of systemic fungicides and the bio-fertilizer on the infection with root rot of apricot transplants under field conditions, results showed that the four tested chemicals decreased significantly the percentage of infection with root rot of apricot. Rizolex/T and Vitavax/T (200WP). showed  the best results for disease control.}, keywords = {apricot root rot,Disease incidence,Bio-fertilizer,systemic fungicides,plant age,soil types,clay sandy soil}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188411.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188411_6dab893013f0774aa2b45d1d765bea10.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahrous,, H. and Shalaby, O.}, title = {EFFECT OF SUMMER PRUNING, CLUSTER THINNING, GIBBERELLIN AND FUNGICIDE APPLICATION ON BUNCH ROT DISEASE OF GRAPEVINE CV. THOMPSON SEEDLESS.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5433-5442}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188413}, abstract = {Two field trials with 15 years old grapevines cv. Thompson Seedless (highly susceptible cultivar) were conducted at SadatCity, Menofyia governorate, Egypt. In these trials, treatments consisted of summer pruning, i.e. ( leaf removal , shoot removal , topping and the treatment with (leaf removal +shoot removal +  topping) in addition to the control vines (without summer pruning) . An additional trial , compared the cluster thinning treatment with the control ( without cluster thinning).All plots were established in a split –plot design with or without fungicides or gibberellin application  .The above mentioned treatments were applied during the growing season starting at full bloom till veraison stage ( the beginning of ripening ) in order to control grapevine bunch rot disease . The obtained results showed that the disease incidence and severity of bunch rot were best reduced by using any of the used gibberellin treatments compared to that of untreated vines . The greatest reduction in disease incidence and severity was occurred in the treatments with three sprays of gibberellin when the flower cluster was 10 cm3 long, Full Bloom and 6mm in berries diameter stage which summer pruning is done . In additional trial , cluster thinning also reduced disease incidence and severity in nonsprayed control compared to the nonsprayed control ( without cluster thinning). The greatest reduction in disease incidence and severity was recorded from the treatments with three sprays of  the fungicide (Euparen M) at bloom, pre-close and veraison. Also, the produced fruit yield from treated vines was significantly higher during the first and the second seasons in comparison with that of untreated vines.}, keywords = {bunch rot,Disease incidence,disease severity,Gibberellin,Cluster thinning,veraison stage,summer pruning}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188413.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188413_f0a9d048330004c0127c4cc0beb0163a.pdf} } @article { author = {Sakr, H.}, title = {ANTENNAL SENSILLA OF Trichogramma evanescens WESTWOOD (HYMENORTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5447-5463}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188415}, abstract = {The sense organs on antenna of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammtidae) were investigated using a scanning electron microscope. The antennal sensilla showed strong sexual dimorphism as their number and types differed in female and male insects. The antenna of the female displayed 14 types of sensilla: basiconic capitata peg (types 1 and 2), campaniform, chaetica (types 1-3), coeloconic, falcate, placoid (types 1 and 2), styloconic and trichoid (types 1-3). The male antenna exhibited 12 types of sensilla which were: basiconic capitata peg (types 1 and 2), campaniform, chaetica (types 1- 3), coeloconic, placoid (types 1 and 2) and trichoid (types 3 -5). The falcate and styloconic sensilla were only observed on the female antenna, meanwhile, trichoid sensilla types 4 and 5 were only detected on the male antenna. Variation in the structure and distribution of antennal sensilla   in both sexes are discussed, and also their function suggested. The survey could be used as a key for identification of Trichogramma spp.}, keywords = {Trichogramma evanescens,Antennae,sensilla,Scanning Electron Microscopy}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188415.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188415_b318c9c48dc33d040863450d08b02332.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd Al-Fattah, M. and Ibrahim, Y.}, title = {THE SERIOUS EFFECT OF ORIENTAL HORNET Vespa orientalis L. ON HONEYBEE COLONIES IN GIZA REGION, EGYPT.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5465-5472}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188418}, abstract = {                The population fluctuation of oriental hornet during its active season (August- November) was weekly determined  using modified screen trap fixed on empty brood box  provided with some sealed honey combs for two successive seasons, 2007 and 2008. The obtained results revealed that the total numbers of trapped hornet were, 41242.5 individuals/trap and 9577.9 individuals/trapduring 2007 and 2008 respectively. The highest mean numbers of hornet individuals was recorded during October, for the two studied seasons represented 41.9% and 65.7% of the total trapped hornets. The highest wiped out colonies due to direct attack of hornet was occurred during October (29.03 % & 17.65%) for the two observed years, respectively. The percentage of the total destroyed honeybee colonies during hornet active seasons were 45.16% and 35.29% of the total wiped out colonies during each year. Many of the survived colonies, after hornet active season, were weak and unable for wintering. The percentages of finished colonies from them were 5.65% and 2.94% as a latent negative effect of hornet.  The percentage of total wiped out colonies were 50.81% and 38.24% for the two successive years in Giza region}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188418.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188418_dfbb62f05c99a73b85fdf254735cba06.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Ghareeb,, A. and Ezzel-Din, H. and El-Sayed, A. and Abdu-Allah, G.}, title = {MONITORING OF CROSS RESISTANCE AMONG SEVERAL INSECTICIDES IN THE COTTON LEAFWORM, Spodoptera littoralis (BOISDUVAL)}, journal = {Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {5473-5485}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3677}, eissn = {2090-3758}, doi = {10.21608/jppp.2009.188422}, abstract = {The pattern of cross resistance for 14 compounds representing the newest promising and main conventional groups of insecticides (spinosyn, spinosoid, avermectin, pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphates, oxadiazines, nicotinoides, chitin synthesis inhibitors and chlorinated hydrocarbons) in spinosad and abamectin resistant selected strains were studied. Moreover, the cross-resistance of spinosad and abamectin insecticides in cypermethrin resistant strain and methomyl resistant strain were also studied. Spinosad dipping resistant strain (SDRS), showed clear cross resistance against spinetoram and abamectin where resistance factor (RF) values were 48.81 and 18.39, respectively. Negative cross-resistance was observed against seven of tested compounds i.e., fenvalerate, methomyl, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cyanophos, profenofos, indoxacarb and hexaflumuron. Values of RF for those compounds were 0.79, 0.80, 0.08, 0.98, 0.86, 0.47 and 0.76, respectively. Spinosad feeding resistant strain (SFRS) showed considerable cross-resistance against spinetoram, abamectin and profenofos where RF values were 74.90, 23.24 and 9.36, respectively. RF values for chlorpyrifos, hexaflumuron and endrin were around 2. Negative cross resistance was detected against the rest of tested compounds. Values of RF for only three insecticides (thiodicarb, methomyl and chlorpyrifos-methyl) revealed clear cross–resistance with abamectin dipping resistant strain (ADRS). The values of RF were 16.79, 14.90 and 10.04 fold, respectively. Cross resistance of the rest tested insecticides exhibited either slight cross-resistance levels or negative cross resistance. Using abamectin against adults from parent field strain (PS) revealed that no difference in susceptibility to abamectin between males and females. In cypermethrin dipping resistant strain (CDRS), spinosad had negative cross-resistance representing 0.019 fold as RF value. While it had low level of cross-resistance in methomyl dipping resistant strain (MDRS)(RF=3.44-fold).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188422.html}, eprint = {https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_188422_8a287557bd1914d0f95b496f2805cd16.pdf} }