ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
VIRULENCE OF Fusarium verticilliodes (SACC.) NIRENBERG (G) ISOLATES ON MAIZE PLANTS ASSOCIATED WITH FUMONISINS PRODUCTION
Fusarium verticilliodes (Sacc.) Nirenberg (G) is a well known phytopathogenic fungus capable to infect a wide range of plants including maize. In addition; its toxic metabolites fumonisin (FB1 and FB2) are associated with Equina Leukoencephalo Malacia and induced hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects in animals. Twenty two isolates of F. verticilliodes obtained from corn samples and grown on Barley medium, were added to sterile soil two weeks before sowing maize grains to test their ability to cause corn seedling damping-off. Thirteen isolates caused pre-emergence damping-off, and two of them were significant. In addition one F. verticilliodes isolate was significantly affecting post emergency and four isolates exhibited the highest disease index. F. verticilliodes isolates which caused significant pre and post emergence damping-off as well as disease index were found to be fumonisin producers. Fourteen out of twenty two detached and moistened maize leaves showed necrotic lesions when they inoculated by F. verticilliodes spore suspensions. Further more the crude extracts of the tested F. verticilliodes isolates showed leaf lesions when they were spotted on the moisted maize leaf cuts, in addition to FB1 standard. Twelve of the pathogenic F. verticilliodes isolates produced fumonisins (eight; FB1 and four; FB1 & FB2); whereas fumonisins could not been detected in only two of the pathogenic isolates according to TLC.. These results suggest the great role of fumonisins that may be played as a virulence factor of F. verticilliodes on maize.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86513_35a75bf785c14701cf39a49a6ed622dc.pdf
2011-07-01
653
662
10.21608/jppp.2011.86513
M.
Asran
1
Dept. of Plant Pathology, Fac. Agric., Sohag Univ., Sohag, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Aboul-Nasr
2
Dept. of Botany, Fac. of Science, University of Sohag, Sohag, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SOME FUNGICIDES, BIOAGENTS AND ESSENTIAL OILS FOR CONTROLLING PURPLE BLOTCH DISEASE OF ONION
Linear growth of Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciferri. was significantly reduced after 5 days with Ridomil plus 50% and Ridomil M 72 respectively. The same trend was observed with spore germination A. porri. Also, Trichoderma hamutum was the best antagonistic fungi in reducing the linear growth of A. porri compared control followed by Trichoderma harizianum and T. viride, while, Glicoladium roseum gave a moderate inhibition while, antagonistic bacteria gave highly inhibition. Bacillus subtilus gave high inhibition compared control.On the other hand, the tested essential oils inhibited in linear growth of A. porri at all tested concentrations compared with untreated control. Cinnamon, mint and clove oils gave the highest inhibited the linear growth of the pathogenic fungus, respectively followed by camphor and thyme.
Under greenhouse and field conditions, observed that disease incidence, disease severity and yield (Ton/feddan).Ridomil plus 50% and Ridomil M-72 gave great inhibition were determined to pathogen compared with control and other fungicides while, the some bioagents (fungi and bacteria) decreased disease incidence and disease severity T. hamutum and B. subtilus were best treatments on controlling pathogen other treatments. Also, the yield (Ton/feddan) was the high yield were observed in the same treatments. Effect of someessential oils, gave highly inhibition of disease incidence and disease severity as well as yield (Ton/feddan). The mint and clove were the best compared with control and other treatments.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86514_91e71fe6318046d760bc329718d71b86.pdf
2011-07-01
663
676
10.21608/jppp.2011.86514
S.
Fayzalla
1
Plant Pathology Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Metwally
2
Plant Pathol. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Sadat
3
Plant Pathol. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF SPINOSAD ON BUMBLE BEES, Bombus terrestris L. UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Under laboratory conditions, the acute toxicity of spinosad on adult workers of bumble bee Bombus terrestris L.was investigated through 96 hrs post-treatment by using three different exposure methods; orally, wet and dry contact. The results indicated that within 24 hrs, the 1/1 and 1/10 of maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC) of spinosad caused 100 % and 12-65 % mortality, respectively the three methods. While, the mortality in the control insects did not exceed 5 %. The highest LC50 value was detected in dry contact method at 6 hrs, the LC50=1046.15 ppm (2.62 MFRC). However, the lowest one in oral method was detected after 96 hrs, the LC50 values was 5.03 ppm (0.01 MFRC). At concentration 0.01 MFRC with dry contact,LT50 was 73 days but in the oral method had 14 days. The chronic effects of 1/100, 1/1000, 1/10000 of MFRC using the same three exposure methods were evaluated. The 1/100 of MFRC in oral method caused significant mortality in worker through 8 weeks. Moreover, reduction in survival of workers, drones produced, male delay emergency, and numbers of dead larvae. However, no significant differences were found between the control and the other treatment 1/1000 and 1/10000 MFRC using oral assay. In dry contact method, the concentrations from 1/1000 to 1/10 of MFRC spinosad had no negative effects. In wet contact method the concentrations 1/100 and 1/1000 had no negative effect, but the concentration 1/10 caused decreasing survival workers. Our results suggested that spinosad was highly toxic in wet contact method, although more safe in dry contact method to bumble bees under worse case laboratory condition with MFRC.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86515_244c2df87e7d4bdf4d167c51c23e6184.pdf
2011-07-01
677
690
10.21608/jppp.2011.86515
Bombus terrestris
Spinosad
acute and chronic effects
Pesticides
G.
Abdu-Allah
gama_eg@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Veerle
Mommaerts
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
AUTHOR
Guy
Smagghe
3
Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Biosciences, Ghent University, Belgium
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DETECTION, PURIFICATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF SIDEROPHORES PRODUCED BY Pseudomonas fluorescens ISOLATES USING SDS-PAGE AND HPLC.
Three isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated from the soil rhizosphere of potato growing fields and identification was confirmed by comparison of the morphological traits and physiological characteristics according to Murray et al., 1984 and Klement et al.,(1990). P. fluorescens isolates were tested to prove their ability in production of siderophores. Chrome Azurol Sulfonate assay (CAS assay) test was used to detect the presence of siderophores. Formation of an orange halo around a well bored into the CAS plate, was taken as an indication for the presence of siderophores. Concerning the optimization of conditions for highest production of siderophores on different media, the results revealed that king’s B medium, exhibited the highest production of sidrophores. Also, data showed that pH 7 and 27 °C were the best in this respect while at pH 6 and 8 sidrophores production completely inhibited. One of the siderophores gene was detected by specific primer in P. fluorescens and one band at molecular weight 520 bp was observed. SDS–PAGE analysis was used to detect the possible outer membrane receptor protein (OMRP), in both whole cell pellet and membrane pellet at no iron and high iron concentration. The results revealed the existence of one band at 84 KDa in case of no iron concentration. Purification of siderophores in culture supernatant was done by a sephadex G -25 gel filtration column. Nine fractions were obtained and they tested for siderophores activity by CAS assay. There were two types of siderophores in P. fluorescens culture supernatant (pyoverdin and pyochelin) and they were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86516_ef374663ca7b7c44c9d5b3f2d90fe885.pdf
2011-07-01
691
705
10.21608/jppp.2011.86516
M.
El-Sheikh
1
Plant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agric, Damanhour, Damanhour Univ.
AUTHOR
S
El-Kazzaz
2
Plant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agric., El-Shatby, Alex. Univ.
AUTHOR
E.
Hafez
3
Plant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agric., El-Shatby, Alex. Univ.
AUTHOR
S.
Madkour
4
Plant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agric, Damanhour, Damanhour Univ.
AUTHOR
Soha
El-Gayyar
5
Plant Molecular Pathology Dept. City of Scientific Res.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SURVEY AND POPULATION DENSITY OF SOME DOMINANT HOMOPTEROUS INSECTS ATTACKING SOYBEAN PLANTS
The present work was conducted during two successive seasons 2009 and 2010. Survey some piercing sucking insects infesting soybean at Diarb – Nigm district, Sharkia Governorate Egypt .The aforementioned insect pests were collected by the two methods from soybean plants. The plant samples and sweep net were used. The obtained results showed that the visual examination proved to be the best method to collect all the aphid species, thrips and whitefly insects. The date showed that the sweep net proved to be the best method to collect all the leafhopper species. The seasonal population abundance of Aphis gossypii (Glover) on soybean plants showed one peak was recorded at the 3rd week of August for the two seasons. The leafhopper species Empoasca decipiens (Paoli) and Empoasca decedens (Paoli) were the most abundant species on soybean plants. Two peaks were recorded for E. decipiens and E. decedens. The first peak occurred at 2nd week of July for E. decipiens, while the first peak of E. decedens was noticed at 4th week of July for the two seasons, respectively. The second peak was recorded in 2nd week of August for E. decipiens, while E. decedens attained its second peak in 3rd week of August for the two seasons of study respectively. One peak was found for Thrips tabaci (Lind.) during the 4th week of June for the first season. While occurred in the first week of July during the second season. The whitefly species Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) was the most abundant species on soybean plants, two peaks density were recorded for this insect. The first one occurred in the first of July for the adult stage. The second peak was recorded in 2nd week of August for the same stage. While the first one occurred at 4th week of June for immature stage, and the second peak was recorded in the first week of August during the two seasons, respectively
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86517_e46f85cd45f43c04dd514906f21db028.pdf
2011-07-01
707
719
10.21608/jppp.2011.86517
soybean plants
seasonal abundance
leafhopper
aphid
thrips and whitefly
A.
Abd-Elsamed
1
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center.
AUTHOR
Aml
Al-Habshy
2
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center.
AUTHOR
M.
Ahmed
maibrahim@ucdavis.edu
3
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECTS OF CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES ON THE INFESTATION OF SOYBEAN PLANTS BY SOME HOMOPTEROUS INSECT PESTS AT DIARB – NIGM DISTRICT SHARKIA GOVERNORATE
The present investigation aimed to study the influance of some soybean varieties (Karfordid, Giza 22 and Giza 21) under the effect of different potassium fertilization levels (zero, 25, 50 and 75) kg potassium sulphate /feddan). Effects of some chemical contents (protein, carbohydrate and pH values) on the infestation of aphids, leafhoppers, trips and whiteflyinsects were also investigated. The obtained results showed pronounced differences in the population density of these insects under test as influenced by the aforementioned agricultural practices. The tested soybean varieties can be arranged descending according to the degree of infestation with insects as following Giza 21, Giza 22 and Karfordid. Chemical analysis results showed a positive relationship between protein and carbohydrate contents and aphids, leafhoppers, whitefly and thrips infestation in soybean varieties, while reverse relationship between pH values and insect infestation. Negative relationship between insect infestation and quantity of yield was also recorded. Therefore, it could be recommended that potassium fertilization 75 kg potassium sulphate /feddan along with the most suitable plant variety must be included in the integrated pest management programs of soybean plants.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86518_95d0af178dea4ef6a1f7e7109e2ac246.pdf
2011-07-01
721
729
10.21608/jppp.2011.86518
soybean plants
varieties
fertilization
Chemical analysis
leafhopper
aphid
thrips and whitefly
Aml
Al-Habshy
1
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center.
AUTHOR
A.
Abd-Elsamed
2
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center.
AUTHOR
M.
Ahmed
maibrahim@ucdavis.edu
3
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center.
AUTHOR