ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PEAR BUD MITE Eriophyes pyri (PAGENSTECHER) (ACARI : ERIOPHIDAE) UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES IN EGYPT
The pear bud mite or pear leaf – gall mite Eriophyes pyri (Pagenstecher) successfully developed from egg to adult stage when reared on terminal buds of soft apple divided branches dipped in test tubes at different temperatures and 65% R.H., for the first time. The effect of temperature on the development, reproduction and population growth was investigated. At 14 and 34 °C the adults began to slow down and ceased all activity and died. It was able to develop at temperatures between 17 and 29°C with 65 % R.H. inside apple buds. At least of 34 % of the generation time was spent in the egg stage at 29°C. Adult life cycle and longevity decreased with increasing temperature. Fecundity was highest at 29°C with 20.66 eggs per female. Life table parameters showed that the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) increased with temperature to a maximum of 0.153 at 29°C. The population of E pyri inside buds multiplied 14.31 times in a generation time of 17.29 days at 29°C and lowered to 4.06 times in a generation time of 23.40 days at 17 °C under the same laboratory conditions.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86924_137667d0f53777d72ebe2660e1c0f1c0.pdf
2010-09-01
675
680
10.21608/jppp.2010.86924
Pear
Apple
biological aspects
Eriophyidae
Blisters
Buds
M.
Alazzazy
1
Dept. Agric. Zoology and Nematology, Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
GENOTOXIC AND PROBABLE MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF SOME PESTICIDES ON MICE BONE MARROW CELLS
Lambda-cyhalothrin, Profenofos and Chlorpyrifos are a broad-spectrum pesticides extensively used to control pests for agricultural and household purposes. In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate its toxicity profile, the cytotoxic, genotoxic and gene mutations effects in-vitro using structural chromosome aberration (SCA) and micronucleus (MN) test systems in erythrocytes assays in mice bone marrow cells. All doses of tested pesticides increased the number of structural chromosomal aberrations and the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes compared with the control group. While, the results observed that tested pesticides caused a significant increase in the number of structural chromosome aberration and the frequency of micronucleus formation of the metaphase plates of the samples treated with the higher two concentration treatments of 1/10 and 1/40 LD50 of all tested pesticides for 24 hour. In the case of micronucleus test the mice administered for 30, 60, and 90 days, the data revealed satellite associations, chromatid breaks and gaps indicating its effect on chromosomes compared with the control group. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) doses not induce any significant effect. It was also observed that, all tested pesticides induced significant increase in the frequency of chromosome aberration in the bone marrow cells which showed a significant dose-response correlation. Hence, its may be proposed that in-vitro assays like micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations test which indicate genetic damage could be used to study the toxic effect of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides poisoning in humans.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86926_29e1b0c4ae283d4281633d309ee03ca4.pdf
2010-09-01
681
696
10.21608/jppp.2010.86926
Chromosomal aberrations (CA)
micronucleus (MN)
Cytotoxicity
lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT)
Profenofos
chlorpyrifos
mice bone marrow
H.
El-Bendary
1
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Fayoum University
AUTHOR
Salwa
Negm
2
Pesticides Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura University
AUTHOR
A.
Saleh
3
Pesticides Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura University
AUTHOR
M.
Kady
4
Pesticides Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura University
AUTHOR
F.
Hosam Eldeen
5
Pesticides Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE OF MALE MICE TO PYRETHROID PESTICIDE (LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN)
The male albino rats were administered to sub-lethal concentrations 1/10 LD50 = 9.5 mg LCT/kg b. wt., 1/40 LD50 = 2.37 mg LCT/kg b. wt., and acceptable daily intake (ADI) = 0.005 mg LCT/kg b. wt. orally twice a week for 30, 60, and 90 consecutive days. Histopathological examination revealed that, tissues were normal in the control group, but in treated group liver showed congestion of hepatic blood vessels, vascular degeneration with necrosis of hepatic cells. The cells within the group oriented toward the base membrane. The hepatic cells showed polymorphism in its shape and size and the nucleus were enlarged with typical or a typical meiotic activities (hepatic carcinoma). Pathological finding in kidney showed congestion of renal blood vessels in both cortex and medulla together with perivascular edema, degeneration and coagulative necrosis and cystic dilation. Pathological finding in spleen showed hyperplasia of the lymphocytes of the white pulp with infiltration of the red pulp with lymphocytes, congestion of splenic sinusoids and hemorrhages with depletion of lymphocytes in white pulp. Pathological finding in brain showed congestion of meningeal blood vessels, lymphocytic aggregation, degenerative changes of the nerve fibers and fragmentation and necrotic changes of some neurons. Generally histopathological examination revealed vascular congestion, hydrophic degeneration and leukocyte infiltration in the affected organs at the initial stages. At the terminal stage of toxics, coagulative necrosis, aggregation, odema, and carcinoid tumors of liver. The degree of changes was obviously at high dose (treatment 1/10 LD50 was more effective in changes than 1/40 LD50 treatment), it was not able to observe any significant changes at low dose (ADI), it means that (LCT) caused dose dependent, and induces histological aspects of liver which was the most affected organ.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86928_aec9dc2bea2d9bdbdf738715d5e6892c.pdf
2010-09-01
697
710
10.21608/jppp.2010.86928
lambda-cyhalothrin
male mice (Mus musculus)
histopathology
carcinoid tumors liver
kidney
Brain
spleen
H.
El-Bendary
1
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum Univ.
AUTHOR
S.
Negm
2
Pesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University
AUTHOR
A.
Saleh
3
Pesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University
AUTHOR
M.
Kady
4
Pesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University
AUTHOR
F.
Hosam Eldeen
5
Pesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOR CONTROLLING TWO STORED GRAIN PESTS
The present study was carried out to evaluate the toxic activity of seven compounds, one organophosphorus (pirimiphos - methyl), two biocides (ivomic and Bacillum thruingiensis), two oils (K.Z mineral oil and Nitralo plant oil), one insect growth regulator (Cascade) and one organic acid (formic acid) against two important stored grain pests Trogoderma granarium and Tyrophagus putrescentiae by exposure to treated media. The effect of the mentioned compounds on the biology of tested pests, was also examined.
The results indicated that pirimiphos – methyl was the most toxic compound with LC50 0.135 and 0.6 ug/gm for both T.granarium and T.putrescentiae at 24 hours post – treatment respectively. The least toxic compound was the mineral oil with LC50 values of 4300 and 210 ug/gm for T.granasium& T.patrescentiae respectively.There wase no signifigcant difference between the efficiency of the biocide ivomic and pirimiphos – methyl against T.putrescentiae. Cascade had more toxic effect on both tested species than the two different oils and formic acid. Results revealed that the same trend of toxicity was achieved for all tested toxicants against the larvae of T.putrescentiae . Results indicated that the mean number of larvae, pupae and emerged adults of T.granazium were highly affected by the different tested toxicants. Pirimiphos – methyl, ivomic and cascade had the same highest effect on the stages with reduction values of 100% Natrilo oil had the second rank with 83.78% reduction, while formic acid had the lowest effect with 45.9% reduction.
Also, results showed that the mean number of eggs laid, hatchability, progeny and the percentage of sterility highly affected by the different tested toxicants. All tested compounds had significant on all tested parameters compared with control.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86929_9d7eb514118b78f88158a46f311ef80c.pdf
2010-09-01
711
723
10.21608/jppp.2010.86929
Hoda
Nasr
1
Pest Control and Environmental Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Alexandria Univ. Damanhur
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED IN THE MUCOUS GLAND AND THE BODY WALL OF SMALL SAND SNAIL Helicella vestalis TREATED WITH DIMETHOATE AND BENOMYL INSECTICIDES.
The present study aimed to illustrate the some histological impact of Dimethoate and Benomyl compounds on the mucous gland and the body wall of Helicella vestalis at 0.25% level after 24 hours post treatment
Mucous gland: Tufted tubular and assemble of mucous gland branches were shaped by the effect of 0.25% Dimethoate in mucous gland of H.vestalis after 24 hours post treatment, at the portion time, the amount of mucous exuded decreased with increase in volume of mucous cells. Also, effect of Benomyl in mucous gland were coherence of the branches of the mucous gland vast led to the exsiccation of land snail and its death, and increase in the mucous cell volume with certain change in the color and it had been isolated and had no integration with each other.
Effects of Dimethoate on body wall of H.vestalis led to presence of a large apertures resolving on the semblance of leather wide, lessening the amount of mucus excreted, while 0.25% Benomyl clearly showed no apertures on the integrement appearance wide.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86930_7c603c73d458754a357d478b54a086a1.pdf
2010-09-01
725
732
10.21608/jppp.2010.86930
histological changes
mucous gland
small sand snail
Dimethoate and Benomyl
T.
Al-Akraa
1
Agric. Zoology and Nematology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ETHYLENE-BIS- DITHIOCARBAMATES RESIDUES IN SOME FOOD AND THE POTENTIAL RISK FOR EGYPTIAN CONSUMERS
Dithiocarbamates are a non-systemic group of Fungicides widely used to protect crops from fungal diseases. The current methodology used by monitoring laboratories to determine dithiocarbamates in food involves the analysis of CS2 generated after hydrolysis of the compound present in the sample. A total of 535 food samples (apple, apricot, cantaloupe, cucumber, grape, grape leaf, green beans, green broccoli, green peas, lettuce, onion, orange, peach, pepper, plum, potatoes, squash, strawberry, tomato and watermelon) collected from eight Egyptian local markets located in six governorates (Cairo, Giza, Qalubiya, Beni Suef, Minufiya, and Ismalia) through the period from (2007 to 2008), were analyzed for dithiocarbamate content. Overall, results showed that 413 samples (i.e. 77.2 %) of total number of samples analyzed (535) were free from dithiocarbamate expressed as CS2. However, 122 samples (i.e. 22.8 %) of the total no. of all samples analyzed were contaminated with detectable levels of dithiocarbamate residues of which 1.3% exceeded the MRL of dithiocarbamate expressed as CS2. The concentration levels of dithiocarbamate expressed as CS2 ranged from the lowest level (0.2 mg/kg CS2) tothe highest levels (5.09 mg/kg). Thehighest violated samples were onion, followed by green peas, and pepper.An exposure assessment, based on dithiocarbamate levels detected in the food crops analyzed in this study, confirms that the intake of dithiocarbamates through food consumption in the country does not represent a health risk to consumers, i.e., the estimated daily intake is less than the acceptable daily intake. Furthermore, the implementation of more selective methodologies to individually analyze these compounds in food monitoring programs in Egypt is not necessary.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86931_cbba91bfa0d4cd6e6f72c1f1f44dd707.pdf
2010-09-01
733
741
10.21608/jppp.2010.86931
Dithiocarbamate fungicides
Food analysis
chronic dietary risk assessment
Mona
Khorshed
1
Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation
AUTHOR
A.
Gomaa
2
Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation
AUTHOR
E.
Attallah
emadatala@yahoo.com
3
Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Amer
4
Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PESTICDAL ACTION OF THREE NATURAL ADDITIVES AS ORGANIC FARMING PROCEDURES ON INFESTATION WITH THE TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITES AND ONION THRIPS ON STRAWBERRY AND TOMATO PLANTATIONS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
In this study, the effect of three natural additives (biofertilizers) used in organic agriculture on two vegetables, strawberry and tomato on the population of two main sucking pests (the two spotted-spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch; and onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind. was studied under field conditions at Tahrir Province during two successive years; 2008 and 2009 growing seasons.
The obtained data proved that, in general, the infestation with the two spotted spider mites was higher in strawberry plants than on tomato plants in both two successive years; while the vice versa was true with onion thrips where the infestation was higher on tomato plants than on strawberry plants. There was significant difference between the treatments with Compost Tea, Humic acid treatments and Super biofert & control (without treatment) in the infestation with the two-spotted spider mites on strawberry plants in both seasons. While, there was significant difference between the treatments with Compost Tea, Super biofert treatments, and Humic acid and control in case of onion thrips in the same plants. The same trend was true with the infestation on tomato plants with the two pests. Compost Tea came the first as regards to its action on some sucking pests.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86932_04edc3dd3c1029d8f83f8e047b8213ed.pdf
2010-09-01
743
752
10.21608/jppp.2010.86932
Nadia
Habashi
1
Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki-Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
El-Shazly
2
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Saba Basha, Alexandria Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
E.
Mansour
3
Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki-Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Aida
Iskandar
4
Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki-Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF THE COCCINELLID PREDATOR Stethorus gilvifrons MULSANT FEEDING ON THE TWO SPOTTED SPIDER MITE, Tetranychus urticae KOCH: THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PREY STAGES
The functional response of a ladybeetle, Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant, to increasing density of two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae koch, was of the curvilinear shape depicting Holling’s type II response with larval stage being the most voracious stage when compared with nymphal and adult stages. Results of the maximum likelihood analyses confirmed this type. By plotting a type II functional response model and polynomial logistic regression model to the numbers and proportions of consumed stages of T. urticae, respectively, the resulting regression lines fitted the data well. A sensitivity analysis of the functional response model shows the crucial effect of prey stages on predation rates by S. gilvifrons. Theoretically, based on the lowest handling time for S. gilvifrons on larval stage of T. urticae,the maximum numbers of mites that could be consumed by a single female of S. gilvifrons within 24 h period were 77. 42 larvae. Based on the inversely density-dependent predation rate for S. gilvifrons on different prey stages, it seems to be more effective in low prey densities and this result has to be considered in future inundative biological control programs. These results might be a better strategy for developing mass rearing of S. gilvifrons and biocontrol program of T. urticae.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_86933_f0bce09c953e4b1de834fd12cfccd361.pdf
2010-09-01
753
765
10.21608/jppp.2010.86933
M.
Osman
mesoma20@mans.edu.eg
1
Agriculture Zoology Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR