Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Insecticidal Activity and Chemical Composition of Moringa oleifera Extract Against The Leguminous Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch on Broad Bean Plants
567
571
EN
A.
Osman
Biochemistry Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
ali_khalil2006@yahoo.com
A.
E.
A. M. Elsobki
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt
10.21608/jppp.2019.77958
In this study, <em>Moringa oleifera</em> leaves were extracted by ethanol 70% and the contents of total phenolic and total flavonoids were estimated by using spectrophotometer methods and HPLC analysis. The content of total phenolic in the ethanolic extract of <em>M. oleifera</em> leaves was 11.66 g GAE/100 g ethanolic extract. The content of total flavonoids in the ethanolic extract of <em>M. oleifera</em> leaves was 4.52 g IQE/100g extract. Twenty five components were represented in the tested sample by HPLC. The study also aimed to evaluate the <em>M. oleifera</em> extract (ethanolic extract) prepared from <em>M. oleifera</em> leaves, as a natural insecticide and thiamethoxam (80 g / fed.) as a comparative insecticide against aphid, <em>Aphis craccivora</em> on broad bean (<em>Vicia faba</em> L.) plants in Faculty of Agriculture farm, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during the 2017 season. A series of concentrations were prepared from <em>M. oleifera</em> extract, concentrations 1, 2, 4 and 8%. The results obtained that the reduction percentage in the population of aphid insect increases with increasing concentration of <em>M. oleifera</em> extract (1% - 8%). The concentrations of 2 and 4% of <em>M. oleifera</em> extract caused 48.66 and 58.95 % mortality, respectively. The results also revealed that there is no significant differences between thiamethoxam and 8% <em>M. oleifera </em>leaf extract, there are recorded the highest values in reducing the population of the insect tested compared with the control treatment. The results indicate that biomaterials derived from <em>M. oleifera</em> leaves can be used for integrated pest management, which is a good alternative to conventional synthetic insecticides.
Moringa oleifera,ethanolic extract,HPLC analysis,bioactive compounds,Efficiency,Aphis craccivora,thiamethoxam
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_77958.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_77958_df035dcb9995c95d56a409d9466d7714.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Effects of the Morphological Diversity of Leaf Surface and Phytochemicals Composition on Preference Behavior of Leafhopper and Planthoppers on some Solanaceous Crops
573
579
EN
F.
H.
Fargalla
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
S.
Awadalla
Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
awadallah28@yahoo.com
L.
A.
El-Batran
Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
A.
A.
El-Shayeb
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jppp.2019.77982
The present experiments were conducted to study the effect of different solanaceous host plants on the population density of the leafhoppers and planthoppers according to the morphological diversity of host surface and phytochemical composition on the preference behaviour of the insect pests during the two successive seasons 2017 and 2018 in Gharbia governorate. The leafhoppers, <em>Empoasca decipiens</em> and <em>Empoasca decedens</em> preferred eggplant as a host plant followed by tomato and pepper by using the three methods (leaf sample, yellow sticky traps, sweep net) during the two seasons. Meanwhile, <em>Cicadulina</em> <em>chinai</em> preferred tomato followed by eggplant and pepper by using the different methods. While, <em>Balcutha</em> <em>hortensis</em> preferred pepper followed by eggplant and tomato. On the other hand, the planthoppers, <em>Sogatella futcifera</em> preferred eggplant followed by pepper and tomato. Statistical analysis revealed that highly significant differences were recorded between the three host plants during the two seasons according to the average number of different leafhoppers and planthoppers by using the three sampling methods. Depending on the percentage of insect pest occurrence, sweep net recorded the highest percentage followed by yellow sticky traps and the lowest percentage of occurrence was recorded by leaf sample method. The insect population varied among leaf surface morphological characters. The Scanning Electron Microscope pictures revealed that, the trichome type was non-glandular in eggplant and tomato, while in pepper was hairiness. Population density exhibited significantly of trichome length on eggplant, whereas had less significantly on tomato leaves with higher hair density. Peppers, with no trichome had the lowest population of insect. Depending on the analysis of phytochemical composition of plant leaves, a highly positive correlated leafhopper and plant hoppers with higher ratios was found for the total protein, total nitrogen, α-esterase, β- esterase and Glutathione S-transferase (GST). However, the population density affected by the total ratio of carbohydrate of eggplant. While, there was a negative correlated between insect infestation and the contents of phenols, potassium, phosphorus and the plant soap acidity (pH), thus the population was high with low content of these components in eggplant followed by tomato then pepper. This study showed that the development of the host plant resistant to the insect pests is an important strategy of integrated pest management programs and the recognition of morphological and phytochemical characteristics may lead to develop resistance character in acceptable plant genotypes.
leafhoppers,planthoppers,Tomato,pepper,Eggplant,morphological characters
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_77982.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_77982_bb2434d3bb4eb6f162c92073835483a2.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Impact of Chemotherapy and Thermotherapy Treatments on the Presence of Potato Viruses PVY, PVX and PLRV in Tissue-Cultured Shoot Tip Meristem
581
585
EN
T.
Shoala
Environmental Biotechnology Department, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Al-Motamayez District - 6th of October, Egypt
tahsen.shoala@must.edu.eg
Kh.
E.
Eid
Plant Pathol., Dept., Fac. .of Agric., Moshtohor, Benha Univ.
I.
A. I.
EL-Fiki
Plant Pathol., Dept., Fac. .of Agric., Moshtohor, Benha Univ.
10.21608/jppp.2019.77990
Potato tubers (<em>Solanum tuberosum</em> L.) is considered as one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide, The most communal viruses attacking potato all over the world are potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), potato virus Y (PVY) and potato virus X (PVX). Our current study aimed to eradicate potato viruses PVY, PVX and PLRV through shoot tip meristem via tissue culture combined with thermotherapy and chemotherapy. Sprouts of potato cultivars <em>ex.</em> Spunta, Selana, Diamond and Cara were used as biological material for investigating their performance using shoot tip meristem. During multiplication stage, the resulted plantlets were subjected to ribavirin (50 mg/L), while the untreated plantlets served as control. In general, the control treatment (0.0 mg/L) provided the best results, while ribavirin (50 mg/L) gave reverse effect on the estimated vegetative parameters (shoot length (cm), number of leaves and number of shoots). Detection of the presence and absence of PVY, PVX and PLRV using DAS-ELISA technique indicated that, thermotherapy and chemotherapy treatments for shoot tip meristem culturing minimized the occurrence percentage of PVX, PVY and PLRV in all tested potato cultivars compared to positive control. The results of RT-PCR revealed that, the amplicons of amplified fragments and primed by PVX-, PVY- and PLRV-specific sense and antisense primers were appeared only in the positive control (lane 1 at ~750, 801 and 548 bp), respectively, while, no amplicons appeared in the rested treatments. In conclusion, shoot tip meristem followed by thermotherapy and chemotherapy treatments enhanced the growth of potato plantlets and suppressed potato viruses.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.),Shoot tip meristem culture,Thermotherapy,Chemotherapy,ELISA test,RT-PCR test
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_77990.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_77990_3d6e4f0f51ebe41bdc7e573c5e35f065.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Fast and Easy Method of 55 Pesticide Residues Determination in Commonly Fruits and Vegetables Collected from Egyptian Local Markets
587
595
EN
S.
A.
Hamed
Plant protection Department(Pesticides), Faculty of Agriculture, TantaUniversity, Egypt
sobhy_hamed@yahoo.com
A.
A.
A. EL-Ghanam
Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Dalia
E.
Elhefny
Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jppp.2019.77998
The highest concerns of consumers who need food safety are pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. In this study, a total fifty-five pesticide residues from different chemical groups including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, acaricides and others compounds were detected in different kinds of fruits (apple, grapes, and guava) and vegetables (squash, cucumber, tomatoes, pepper and cantaloupe) collected from local markets in Cairo Governorate. The method is based on a modified QuEChERS procedure (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged & safe) using acetonitrile for extraction and partition.. Analytical determinations of the 55 pesticides were carried out with gas chromatography using micro electron capture detector (µECD) and flame photometric detector (FPD).. The data obtained indicated that, the mean recoveries of the pesticides were between 81.20 and 98.70 %. The detection limits (LOD) and quantification limits (LOQ) of pesticide residues for the method were ranged (0.002 - 0.009 µg/g) and between 0.01 - 0.05 (µg/g), respectively. Of the 55 pesticides analyzed,32 (58.2%), 31(56.4), and 34(61.8) of pesticide residues were detected in the apple, grapes and guava respectively, while 30(54.5%), 31(56.4%), 30(54.5%) 24(43.6) and 27(49.1) of pesticide residues were detected in the squash, cucumber, tomatoes, pepper and cantaloupe respectively. The percentages of pesticide residues that exceeded the MRLs in both fruits and vegetables (apple. grape and guava) were12.7%, 16.4% and 16. (squash, cucumber, tomatoes pepper and cantaloupe) were 5.5%, 7.3%, 3.6%, 9.1% % and 3.6% respectively.
Fruits,vegetables,Pesticides,QuEChERS,MRLs,GC-ECD
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_77998.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_77998_bfb1ff64b61628509391e3967e53da22.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Antimicrobial Activities of some Egyptian Bee Honeys against Staphylococcus aureus And Pseudomonas aeruginosa
597
603
EN
Asmaa
Abd Alla
Dept. Econ. Entomology and Insecticides, Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., 12613 Giza, Egypt
supersemsema@gmail.com
T.
E.
Abd El-Wahab
Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
10.21608/jppp.2019.78003
Bee honeys are natural product from the honeybee colonies which has a great nutritional and medicinal effects. In this research, different types of Egyptian bee honey were collected from 3 governorates to study their antibacterial activities related to their contents from hydroxide and non-peroxide such as phenols. The results showed that each type of bee honey had characteristics which changed by geographical collected area. All the tested bee honey samples had an inhibitory activity against of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> growth. The majority of tested bee honey samples had no antimicrobial effect against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>colonies except one sample (Sesame bee honey from Asyut governorate)<em>. </em>Hydrogen peroxide is the primarily main factor for antimicrobial activity association. Undiluted tested bee honey was the highest inhibition for growth <em>S. aureus</em> bacterial, followed by high-to-low concentrations.
Bee honeys,antimicrobial activity,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78003.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78003_c5c2a6278ed3a3ef99c345fa113e8d08.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
The Potential Side Effects of Certain Insecticide Formulations on the Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)
605
612
EN
R.
A. A.
Korrat
Plant protection department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University at Assiut
redakorat79@yahoo.com
S.
A.
Ahmed
Plant protection department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University at Assiut
N.
F.
Badr
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University
10.21608/jppp.2019.78152
<strong> </strong><br /> Treated The second larval instar by residual methodindicated that, chlorpyrifos-methyl and methomyl formulations expect Goldben (90.48 % mortality) caused 100 % mortality, while the lowest mortality percent occurred in emamectin benzoate and lufenuron formulations.Except Broact formulation0, there are significant differences between all the tested formulations (ranged from 0.00 to 64.29 % pupation and to 53.57 % adult emergence) and untreated control in pupation (85.71 %) and adult emergence (78.57 %) On the contrary, there are no significant differences between two formulations of each active ingredient except two formulations of emamectin benzoate in pupation percentage only. Treated The second larval instar by feeding method indicated that,chlorpyrifos-methyl formulations is the highly toxic (100 % mortality), when methomyl, emamectin benzoate and lufenuron formulations were low toxic (ranged from 3.70 to 27.27 % mortality) and lufenurononly was high toxic by ingested than leaf residual exposure.. Also, there are highly significant differences between chlorpyrifos-methyl formulations (0.00 % for pupation and adult emergence) with other treatments (ranged from 60.71 to 78.57 % for pupation and from 57.14 to 71.43 % for adult emergence). Treated egg by dipping methodshowed a significant reduction in hatchability rates for formulations of methomyl and chlorpyrifos-methyl ranged from 65.05% (Goldben) to 76.69% (Reldan), however, there are no significant reductions in hatchability rates for formulations of emamectin benzoate and lufenuron, ranged from 86.08% (Broact) to 95.88% (Match) compared to the control (98.33%), but there are not significant differences between two formulations of each active ingredient.
insecticides formulation,Chrysoperla carnea,side effects and chlorpyrifos-methyl
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78152.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78152_07cf11232a4d2ea2bab5f3358578c356.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Drought Stress and Nitrogen Fertilization Affect Cereal Aphid Populations in Wheat Fields
613
619
EN
K.
M.
Mousa
Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
mousak@agr.kfs.edu.eg
A.
A.
Gawad
Plant protection research institute, Agricultural research center, Giza, Egypt
Dalia
M.
Shawer
Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
dalia_shamel@yahoo.com
M.
M.
Kamara
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
10.21608/jppp.2019.78153
Water stress and nitrogen deficiency are two constraints that negatively affect growth and productivity of wheat plants. Moreover, the interaction between these two stresses could affect the susceptibility of wheat plants to insect attack. In order to examine the influence of drought stress and nitrogen fertilization on piercing-sucking insect pests, the population abundance of four cereal aphid species<em>;</em> English grain aphid <em>Sitobion avenae</em>, wheat aphid <em>Schizaphis graminum</em>, Bird cherry-oat aphid <em>Rhopalosiphum padi,</em> and corn leaf aphid <em>Rhopalosiphum maidis</em> has been monitored in two water treatments (water stress and well-watered) and two nitrogen levels (120 and 180 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>). Results revealed that <em>S. graminum</em> was the most dominant specie in all treatments, followed by <em>S. avenae</em>. The population of all aphids tends to increase in the second half of the season coinciding with the emergence of wheat spikes. Stressed-wheat plants attracted more aphids, especially when water deficit synchronizes with an increase in N fertilization. Aphids vigorously thrive better on stressed plants amended with high nitrogen level. Contrary, the lower infestation rate was observed in well-watered plots with lower nitrogen rate. Plant characteristics, such as days to heading, plant height, and chlorophyll content were significantly decreased in drought-stressed plants, while higher N rates increased such parameters. Grain yield and its components were reduced with drought stress and reduced nitrogen fertilization. The current study advocates avoiding severe drought concurrently with an increasing in nutritional augmentation which it might contribute in an increase in insect pest infestation and decreasing in wheat plant traits.
Water deficiency,N fertilization,piercing-sucking insect pests,aphids,yield,chlorophyll content
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78153.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78153_3f4b74854a52a1424b37242640cb11fa.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Physicochemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Sidr Honey Produced by Dwarf Honey Bees (Apis florea F.)
621
628
EN
A.
A.
Taha
Research and Training Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Beekeeping Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.
aaismail@kfu.edu.sa
Naglaa
M.
Balabel
Bacterial Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.
H.
M.
Elshishtawy
Microbial Molecular Biology Department, Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.
10.21608/jppp.2019.78154
The objective of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and the antimicrobial activity of sidr honey produced by dwarf honey bees, <em>Apis florea</em> F. Three sidr honey combs presents three samples from Ziziphus trees (<em>Ziziphus spinchristis</em> L.) were collected during the blooming period (September and October, 2017) from Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. <em>Apis florea</em> (<em>A. f.</em>) sidr honey had a high water content value (23.9%). The average results of pH no (4.52), free acidity (49.5 meq/kg), Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (1.7 mg/kg), Ash content (0.95 %) and electrical conductivity (EC) (1.79 mS/cm) for <em>Apis florea</em> sidr honey, respectively. The average sugar composition was (25.39, 39.47 and 3.29%) for Glucose, Fructose and Sucrose, respectively. Vitamins B3, B6, B12 and Ascorbic acids were detected in sidr honey. Vitamin B6 was the superior (7.87 mg/kg) of all tested vitamins followed by Ascorbic acid giving 4.04 mg/kg. The results suggested that <em>Apis florea</em> sidr honey is a good source of antioxidants and Vitamins. The antimicrobial activity of <em>Apis florea</em> sidr honey was tested for fungus (<em>Rhizoctonia solani & Fusarium solani</em>) and bacteria (<em>Ralstonia</em> <em>solanacearum & Agrobacterium rhizogenes</em>). There were positive results with the bacteria mentioned in each of the concentrations (15 - 50 - 100% with <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em>) while the concentration 100% gave a positive result with the bacteria (<em>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</em>). Honey did not show antifungal activity. In addition, further studies are needed in order to investigate the therapeutic effect of sidr honey produced by <em>Apis florea</em> honey bees.
Apis florea bees,Sidr honey,physicochemical,Antimicrobial,inhibitory,plant Pathogens
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78154.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78154_311cf0bf3b655b4e1ce211d9db8ba4a7.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Combined Effects of The Earthworm, Allolobophora longa, The Fungus, Fusarium oxysporum and The Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne javanica on Eggplant
629
633
EN
A.
F. M.
EL-Mesalamy
1Agric. Zoology and Nematology Dept., Fac Agric., Al-Azhar Univ. Assiut Branch.
anaselmosalamy7@gmail.com
R.
M. A.
EL-Sharkawy
Plant Pathog. Dept., Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ. Assiut Branch.
10.21608/jppp.2019.79453
Biotic interactions among the earthworm, <em>Allolobophora longa</em>, fungus, <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> and the root-knot nematode, <em>Meloidogyne javanica</em> infecting eggplant <em>solanum melongena </em>cultivar balady were studied under green house conditions . Multiplying nematode in all trials at the added earthworms was significantly lower than in the control (check). The highest of numbers of galls per root system and rate of nematode reproduction on eggplant were found in treatment nematode of alone, followed by treatment of <em>M. javanica</em> <strong><em>+</em></strong><em>F</em>.<em>oxysporum</em> .The highest percentages of reductions in length and fresh weight of shoots and roots occurred on eggplant treated by <em>M</em>. <em>javanica </em>+ <em>F</em>. <em>oxysporum,</em> <em>M. javanica</em> <em>+</em><em>F</em>. <em>oxysporum</em> +15worms of <em>Allolobophora</em> <em>longa</em> where the values were close. The increase was only in fresh weight shoot with treatment <em> </em><em>F</em>. <em>oxysporum</em> + 5worms of <em>A</em>. <em>longa </em>while the increase were in both length and fresh weight shoot with treatment 10 worms of <em>A. longa</em> . The highest percentage value of severity was detected by treatment of nematode + fungus . But, the lowest of severity was found in treatment of <em>F</em>. <em>oxysporum</em> +10 worms <em>A. longa</em>.
solanum melongena,Allolobophora longa,Fusarium oxysporum,Meloidogyne javanica,Eggplant,interaction
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79453.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79453_4cd99f1045f357f25e528949d613a7da.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
The Efficacy of some Insecticides and Essential Oil-Based Products against The Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius
635
638
EN
Mona
I.
Elbanoby
Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
melbanoby@yahoo.com
10.21608/jppp.2019.79454
The bed bug, <em>Cimex lectularius </em>L., is a hard pest to control. The occurrence of insecticidal resistance amongst bed bug populations and concerns over human-insecticidal exposure has motivated the development of alternative bed bug control measurements. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of five essential oil products (Cinnamon oil, Clove oil, Garlic oil, Peppermint oil, and Thyme oil) compared to two pyrethroid products (Deltamethrin and Cypermethrin), and one organophosphorus (Diazinon) against field strain of bed bug (<em>Cimex lectularius </em>L.). The obtained results indicated that among the five essential oils, the Clove oil, and Cinnamon oil showed high efficacy against bed bug. Likewise, Deltamethrin exhibited the highest effectiveness among the three insecticides within 90 min after treatment. Also, Diazinon gave the maximum mortality against bed bug amongst the three insecticides tested after 24 hours of treatment. Accordingly, the present study suggested that using natural essential oils could be effective method, somewhat easier, safe and less expensive for controlling bed bugs.
Bedbug,Clove oil,insecticide,essential oil,control
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79454.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79454_20ef9cdbeb4b6148a1c77801f858750d.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Toxicological and Biological Responses of Tetranychus urticae Koch to Three Pesticides and their Side Effect on the Predatory Mite, Euseius scutalis (A.-H.)
639
646
EN
Hala
R.
Abdel-Rahman
Department Economic Entomology & Pesticides, Fac. Agric. Cairo Univ., Egypt
halarashad_62@hotmail.com
10.21608/jppp.2019.79455
Cucumber<em> Cucumis sativus </em>L. is one of the most popular vegetables in Egypt. Unfortunately, it is a target for several insect, mite pests and pathogens, which mainly controlled by using chemical pesticides. The effect of a single application of the recommended concentration of the acaricide, hexythiazox (10% EC), the insecticide, acetamiprid (20% SP) and the fungicide, ridomil gold plus (71.5% WP) against the main mite pest, <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> Koch was evaluated in a greenhouse. Acetamiprid was the most toxic compound to <em>T. urticae</em> causing an initial kill of 31.12%, residual efficiency of 69.90% and total effect of 50.51%. These values decreased for hexythiazox to 21.17, 65.26 and 43.21%, while they were 17.55, 26.46 and 22.0% when cucumber treated with ridomil gold plus, respectively. The initial, residual and total effects of the aforementioned compounds on the predatory mite, <em>Euseius scutalis</em> (Athias-Henriot), as a non-target mite, were lower and averaged 23.23, 22.30 and 22.76%; 39.04, 41.68 and 40.36%; and 13.64, 11.79 and 12.71%, respectively. Half of the recommended concentration was applied in laboratory to determine the side effect of these compounds on the life-table parameters of the non-target predatory mite, <em>E. scutalis</em> to have information about the forthcoming offspring as compared with the mite pest <em>T. urticae</em>. Tested pesticides generally prolonged mean generation time <em>T</em>, doubling time <em>DT</em>, while reduced the net reproductive rate <em>R<sub>o</sub></em>, natural increase <em>r<sub>m</sub></em> and finite increase <em>e<sup>rm</sup></em>. The adverse effect of chemical application was noticeably greater on mite pest <em>T. urticae</em> than predatory mite <em>E. scutalis</em>.
fungicides,Tertranychus urticae,Euseius scutalis,toxicity and life-table parameters
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79455.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79455_3a8992755ad7e020204cb592cac40261.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Insecticidal Activity of Secondary Metabolites of Locally Isolated Fungal Strains against some Cotton Insect Pests
647
653
EN
Reda
R
Abdullah
plant protection research institute, Agriculture research center, Dokki, Giza
redakenany@yahoo.com
10.21608/jppp.2019.79456
Microbial pest control is one of the best alternatives to chemical insecticides. <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum </em>are important entomopathogens of many insect pests. Cotton leafworm (<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>) and aphids (<em>Aphis gossypii</em>) are the most destructive pests in crop production such as cotton, cabbage, tomato, potato, and lettuce. The present study sought to isolate both fungal strains (<em>B. bassiana</em> and <em>T. harzianum)</em> and extract their secondary metabolites by ethyl acetate then evaluate the efficacy of crude extract against both insect pests (<em>S. littoralis</em> and <em>A. gossypii)</em>. Also, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis was conducted to both extracts of isolated fungi. The results indicated that both extracts of tested fungi have insecticidal activity against both tested insects. <em>B. bassiana</em> extract was more toxic against both insects than <em>T. harzianum.</em> The extract of <em>T. harzianum </em>wasmore toxic against <em>A. gossypii</em> more than <em>S. littoralis. </em>The LC<sub>50</sub> values of <em>B. bassiana</em> and <em>T. harzianum</em> against <em>S. littoralis</em> were 575 and 3238 ppm respectively but, they were 226 and 389 ppm against <em>A. gossypii</em> respectively. GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of some identified compounds as insecticides in both extracts of fungi such as: n-Hexadecanoic acid; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (E,E)-; Tetradecanoic acid, 12-methyl-, methyl ester; 7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester and trans-13-Octadecenoic acid. This study recommended that the ethyl acetate extract of both tested fungi can be used as an alternative of chemical pesticides to control <em>A. gossypii</em> but in the case of <em>S. littoralis</em> can be used the extract of <em>B. bassiana</em> only.
Fungal isolates,Spodoptera littoralis,Aphis gossypii,Ethyl acetate extracts,GC-MS analysis
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79456.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79456_a69f2d530de3d4ff716903a46ca8747a.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Virulence Dynamics and Diversity of Puccinia striiformis Populations in Egypt during 2017/18 and 2018/19 Growing Seasons
655
666
EN
M.
A.
Ashmawy
Wheat Disease Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
A.
A.
Shahin
Wheat Disease Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
a.a.shahin@hotmail.com
Samar
M.
Esmail
Wheat Disease Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
Hend
Abd El-Naby
Wheat Disease Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
10.21608/jppp.2019.79458
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis (Pst), is an important disease of wheat in Egypt. A total of nine and ten races were designated during two seasons. The most common race were 64E0, 66E0 and70E20 (23.07%, 26.92% and 23.07) during 2017/18. While, race 450E254, 206E174, 192E192,136E54 and 70E182 were the most common during 2018/19 at it was occurred at high frequency (22.50%,17.5, 15.0, 10.0 and 10.0% frequencies, respectively). The three races; 64E0, 66E0 and 70E22 were the widely geographical distributed, as each was detected in all governorates during the first season, While,the 136E54, 192E192 and 206E174 during sacond season. No virulences were occurred to wheat stripe rust monogenic lines with Yr1, Yr5, Yr10 and Yr15, during the two years of the study. Different frequencies of virulence of Pst isolates were obtained against wheat cultivars used. Cultivars; Misr3, Giza171, Sakha94, Sakha95, and Gemmeiza12 showed the highest level of resistance against the tested Pst isolates. High similarity was found between stripe rust populations in the six locations. The phenotypic diversity within different populations was characterized using the three main indexes; Shannon, Gleason and Simpson. Shannon index proved to be more suitable to accurately measure the phenotypic diversity between the tested populations, as it was sensitive to sample size, number of isolates, number of races and standard deviation of race frequency than the others. Monitoring the dynamics and variation of virulence in stripe rust populations, that provides the basic information needed for an anticipatory breeding program for disease resistance in Egypt.
Wheat,stripe rust,Puccinia striiformis,virulence dynamics,phenotypic diversity
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79458.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79458_795a5ad8a19663cdd6836126a8bf4462.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Efficacy of Some Compounds for Controlling Peach Fruit Fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) Larvae
667
670
EN
E.
F.
Gazia
Plant prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza. Egypt.
essamfouadgazia@yahoo.com
Ghada
M. A.
Morsi
Plant prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza. Egypt.
Saneya
R. M.
Farag
Plant prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza. Egypt.
10.21608/jppp.2019.79459
The present study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of Syotin 25% (Pyrethroid) Solar (petroleum product) or diesel fuel and plant ash to <em>Bactrocera. zonata</em> (Saunders), full grown larvae in three different soil types sandy, clay and mixed soil (mixture of sandy and clay (1:1) by volume), and the effect of different soil depths and types on the emergence rate of<em> B. zonata</em> pupae. The results proved that, Solar in sandy soil recorded the highest mean of mortality 71.044% followed by Syotin in clay soil recording 68.89% and there is no significant differences in means of mortality for Syotin and Solar in all soil types while there is a significance in means of mortality for ash treatments. Syotin recorded the lowest LC<sub>50</sub> value 0.925 ml/L while Solar recorded the lowest LC<sub>90</sub> value 8.541 ml/l., comparing the efficacy of the three compounds on the mean percentage of mortality regardless to the soil type. Syotin cause the highest mean of mortality 60.9% followed by Solar recorded 55.2%. There is no effect of the type of soil used on the mean percentage of mortality. The highest rate of emerged flies was obtained at the lowest soil depth. At 16 cm depth no emergence was observed in dry clay soil while 3.33% emergence was observed in dry mixed soil at 14 and 16 cm depth. The results cleared that soil's type and depth of burying pupae has an influence of the rate of emergence of <em>B. zonata</em> adults.
Bactrocera zonata,Syotin 25%,Solar,plant ash and soil depths
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79459.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79459_a5c009cce1928913f6e342a3c626fab8.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Nutritional Efficiency and Economic Traits of Silkworm Bombyx mori, L. Reared on Mulberry Leaves Fortified with Synbiotics
671
675
EN
Marwa
N.
Moustafa
Sericulture Res. Dept., Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza.
marwanabil78@hotmail.com
S.
A.
Soliman
Dairy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
10.21608/jppp.2019.79460
Mulberry leaves is the main food of silkworm. Silk production is dependent on nutritive value of mulberry leaves. The purpose of this investigation is studying the impact of prebiotic agents on nutrition and silk production of silkworm. So to explore the effect of <em>Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) </em>as a source of inulin on the activity of some probiotic bacteria (<em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</em> and <em>Bifidobacterium bifidum</em>)that added to mulberry leaves which offered to silkworm <em>Bombyx mori</em> L.. Mulberry leaves was fortified with prebiotic agent with two different concentrations (3%&6%) and offered 4 times day after day from 4<sup>th </sup>instar till cocooning. Results revealed that there is no a significant variance between 3% and 6% in all treatments under studied while using mixture of the two probioticimproved larval performance which recorded height value in consumed food, Assimilation, Tissue growth, nutritional parameters in 4<sup>th </sup>and 5<sup>th </sup>instars and recorded, the highest values in economic parameters, silk (length, weight and size in the two used concentrations compared with control.
Silkworm,prebiotic,Bifidobacterium,lactobacillus,food consumption
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79460.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79460_2305758ca253c4dc41b1cd4372795afb.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3758
10
12
2019
12
01
Variations in Chemical Composition Value of Adults and Nymphs Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskal (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
677
681
EN
Samira
M. N.
Abd-El Wahed
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
samiranabel@hotmail.com
Abeer
F.
Ahmad
Regional Center for Food and Feed, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jppp.2019.79461
Recently, interest in the benefits of insects for food and feed has increased, while desert locusts are rich in nutrients and can be easily grown sustainably, even though locusts classified as pests that ruin crops. This study aims to investigate the chemical content, nutritional content and amino acid (AA) profile in adults and nymphs of the desert locust <em>Schistocerca gregaria</em> Forskal (Orthoptera: Acrididae), such as crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), total carbohydrate (TC), crude fiber (CF), ash, gross energy and minerals content. The analysis indicates that the presence of crude<strong> </strong>protein, crude<strong> </strong>fat, total carbohydrate, crude<strong> </strong>fiber, ash, dry matter and moisture content were (56.79 and 65.92%), (28.82 and 15.15%), (2.98 and 4.59%), (7.9 and 7.92%), (3.51 and 6.42%), (42.34 and 32.46%), and (57.66 and 67.54 %), gross energy content was (498.45 and 418.37 kcal), respectively in adults and nymphs. Generally, the results in both adults and nymphs showed that non-essential AA were the dominant ones of AA, followed by essential then semi-essential AA. Minerals represented by P (87.44 and 91.35), K (6732.78 and 7826.96), Ca (33.8 and 50.7) and Mg (13.56 and 18.24) ppm in adults and nymphs, respectively.
Schistocerca gregaria,crude proteins,crude fats,total carbohydrate,fiber,ash,dry matter,moisture,gross energy,minerals and amino acid
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79461.html
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_79461_150dd671a9c41cd2ccf0e982da8020a3.pdf