2024-03-29T12:22:52Z
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=11333
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2015
6
10
CHARACTERIZATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF Citrullus colocynthis (L.) EXTRACTS AND THEIR RELATION TO TOXICITY AGAINST COWPEA APHID, Aphis Craccivora Koch.
Heba
Ibrahim
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) fruits were separately extracted with different organic solvents (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol). The volatile components of each solvent extract were characterized and identified by GC/MS technique. The insecticidal properties of each extracts were tested against adults and nymphs of cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. Methanol extract was the most efficient against both adults and nymphs with LC50 : 639.68 ppm and LC50: 555.9 ppm, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract showed moderate efficacy against adults and nymphs with LC50 : 968.85 ppm and LC50: 833.58 ppm, respectively. Petroleum ether extract showed weak toxicity against adults and nymphs with 3144.99 ppm and LC50: 2768.52 ppm, respectively.
Aphis craccivora
Citrullus colocynthis
GC/MS analysis of colothyn extract
2015
10
01
1323
1336
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_75284_17c679687c4ff22af2400e9fdb70e058.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2015
6
10
USE OF FATTY ACID PROFILES TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN ISOLATES OF Fusarium oxysporum F.SP. Vasinfectum, THE COTTON WILT PATHOGEN AND OTHER ISOLATES OF Fusarium oxysporum
Eman
Osman
Twenty three fatty acid profiles were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by using fatty acid methyl esterification (FAME) to differentiate between three isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, the cotton wilt pathogen, and seven isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from other hosts. Cluster analysis by the unweighted group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) demonstrated that although qualitative profiles were simpler than the quantitative ones, they were more useful in differentiation between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfecolates and the other isolates of Fusarium oxysporum.
2015
10
01
1337
1348
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_75286_961522e65fae0014264687ec2d868c54.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2015
6
10
RESIDUAL EFFECT OF SOME PESTICIDES ON FIELD HONYBEE WORKERS(Apis mellifera L.) AT BEHIERA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT
Amany
Abou Lila
A.
Taha
M.
Younis
The effect of the tested insecticides with a field experiments for studying the residual effect of the Helban (48% EC), Icton (2.5% EC) and Teleton (72% EC), were experimental by spraying on cotton plants at Kafre El-Dawar District, Behiera Governorate during July-August month, 2015. The tested materials could be arranged according to their toxicity (initial kill) and residual effect on the field honeybee workers in the following ascending order: The initial kill of these insecticides were: 59.35%, 64.15% and 69.41% for Helban, Icton and Teleton, respectively. The residual effect of these insecticides were (32.02%, 40.82% and 40.56% after 14 days from the treatments, respectively. From the obtained results, it could be recommended to beekeepers to protect their colonies from the use of pesticides on cotton during at least the first 10 days of spraying- conduct spraying operations in coordination with the control field official and beekeepers in the early morning or end of the day, with the closure of the hives and put ventilation box or moved away from direct spray. in case of the time spraying
2015
10
01
1349
1355
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_75301_c0a7773d8e158c05432840b092930f2f.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2015
6
10
INCUBATION METHOD OF HONEYBEE QUEEN CELLS IN INCUBATOR AFTER QUEEN CELLS SEALING DIRECTLY.
A.
Zohairy
This study was carried out to evaluate the following aims : 1 - What honeybee workers do to queen cells ready to successful caging, comparison between caging queen cells inside the normal cage and queen-excluder-cage, after sealing directly, in the colony . 2 – Evaluation ofthe best day for caging inside the normal cage after queen cells sealing directly . 3 – Patterning which honeybee workers do to wax layer removal of queen cells from on queen emergence slot and evaluation this in the incubator bycomparison between incubation in the colony and incubator with handling removal of this new way.
The results showed that caging inside queen-excluder-cage was better than the caging inside the normal cage, after queen cells sealing directly, in the colony. Also, the results appeared that the best day for the caging was after four days from sealing of queen cells. The experiments clearing that the honeybee workers removed wax layer of queen cell from on queen emergence slot with 6 – 9 mmcircular. Using handling method in removing this layer on the queen cells inside incubator, after sealing directly, gave the same. Thereby the colonies could be used for queen rearing cells only. This way gave two batch instead of one batch in the same time, the production become duple comparing with all normal ways.
2015
10
01
1357
1368
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_75304_f372977b970d1cc668192db446737ded.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2015
6
10
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SOME BIO-AGENT COMPOUNDS EXPOSED TO GAMMA IRRADIATION ON THE COTTON LEAF WORM, Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.)
Reda
Amer
Sh.
Yacoub
M.
Salem
Bio-agent compounds of Bacillus thuringiensis, Kurs. (Bactericide); Metarhizium anisopltiae, Metsch. (Fungicide) and biopolymer, chitosan exposed to gamma irradiation doses; 15, 30 and 60 Gy to purpose of potentiate the bio-agent efficiency against the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) treated as 4th instars larvae by LC50 of tested bio-agent compounds singly or combined with gamma irradiation doses to investigate the histopathological changes in the integument, muscle, fat body and mid gut.
Most of treatments especially gamma doses of 60 Gy singly or combined with bio-agent compounds caused thickening of outer cuticle fibrous layer in the integument of S. littoralis larvae. Also, hypodermis layer had swelling and necrosis in gamma treatments and M. anisopltiae or chitosan combined with 30 Gy treatments.
Also, most of treatments caused appearance of fissure and breaking down of muscles into small parts.
All the bio-agent treatments caused a noticeable destruction on the fat body cells as vacuolization of the fat cells and destruction of the fat body membranous sheath.
Many deleterious effects in the mid gut of S. littoralis as destruction of columnar or hyperphesia cells lining mid gut, losses of brush border with increase of goblet cells.
Dose of 60 Gy is considered the best dose used in the current study to potentiate the bio-agent effects on S. littoralis larvae compared with other gamma irradiation doses used.
Spodoptera littoralis
Histopathological
integument
muscle
fat body
mid gut
Bacillus thuringiensis
Metarhizium anisopltae
Chitosan
2015
10
01
1369
1380
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_75311_df81cf00b203968cd1d523e1b17b9c20.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2015
6
10
YIELD POTENTIAL OF NOVEL RICE GENOTYPES, AND EFFECT OF Trichogramma RELEASE AND BLAST RESISTANCE ON RICE PRODUCTIVITY
M.
El-Habashy
R.
El-Shafey
G.
Anis
S.
Hammoud
Rice is a vital food crop for about one-half of the global population. Unfortunately, it suffers from some biotic and abiotic stresses, which negatively affect the yield potential. Rice plants, in Egypt, are subject to infestation with several insect pests, but the most destructive one is the rice stem borer, Chilo agamemnon Bles. In addition, rice blast remains the most serious disease to manage. Blast resistance has consistently been one of the most important objectives of rice breeders in Egypt. The current investigation was conducted at the experimental farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha Agricultural Research Station during 2014 and 2015 rice seasons. The objectives were to find out the efficiency of Trichogramma release in controlling the rice stem borer compared with insecticide, and to identify some novel resistant and high yielding varieties with high broad spectrum of blast resistance and high level of tolerance to stem borer infestation. Seventeen genotypes were evaluated under both natural and artificial inoculation for blast. Also, yield and yield attributes of these genotypes were estimated. The results revealed that all japonica genotypes were resistant or moderately resistant to the stem borer while indica and indica japonica genotypes were almost susceptible to the stem borer. The release of Trichogramma twice, each at a rate of 30,000 individuals /feddan, the first release was ten days before maximum tillering, and the second one was at 20% flowering. The release of this egg-parasitoid reduced the borer infestation, overall the 17 genotypes, by 78-80% white heads, and was relatively more efficient than the application of the recommended insecticide (Furadan at a rate of 6 kg /feddan). Consequently, Trichogramma, as eco-friendly application, could be used as an alternative management for stem borer than insecticide. Blast nursery evaluation revealed that all japonica GZ lines were highly resistant, as well as high yielding, such as GZ10364-22-3-1-2 and GZ10365-2-4-1-2. Under artificial inoculation with specific and virulent blast races, all genotypes were resistant to all aggressive races except Sakha 101 that was susceptible Till now, the genotypes, Giza177, Sakha 105, Sakha 106, Giza 178, Giza 182, GZ 6296-12-1-2-1-1 and GZ 6903-1-2-2-1-1 are resistant to the blast, and could be utilized as good sources of resistance in the breeding program. As for agronomic and yield characteristics, the genotypes, GZ GZ10365-2-4-1-2, GZ10356-4-3-2-5 and GZ10365-2-4-1-3 were earlier than the rice varieties Sakha 101and Egyptian yasmine by at least 20 days, thus these varieties can save more irrigation water for other crops. The genotypes, GZ10364-22-3-1-2, GZ10365-2-4-1-2 and Sakha 101 recorded the highest values of milling percentage and grain yield. The superiority of these genotypes in grain yield could be attributed to their higher number of panicles /hill, and to their agronomic efficiency.
rice
blast
stem borer
Trichogramma
resistance
genotypes
2015
10
01
1381
1397
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_75318_1412bce2993ee512db791b1290b5b435.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2015
6
10
ECOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF Thrips tabaci LINDEMAN (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) ON ONION PLANTS
A.
Darwish
Effect of three planting dates of onion plants (November, 15th, December, 15th, and January, 15th) on levels of infestation by thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman and on its yield, were studied during two successive seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15) at El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The degree of infestation with thrips increased significantly by delaying planting date, as onion plants cultivated in the earliest planting date (November, 15th) were attacked by the fewest numbers with highest weight of onion bulbs, while the plants of the latest planting date (January, 15th) were more liable to insects infestation with lowest weight of onion bulbs. The population density and life stage composition of T. tabaci populations were determined in the two consecutive seasons and in the three planting dates. The intra-plant distribution of thrips was studied and a clear pattern in the diel periodicity of the intra-plant distribution of T. tabaci, was noticed in that the adults tended to be located higher on the plant during the hottest periods of the afternoon. The vast majority of nymphs occupied the basal half of the leaves and remained there throughout the day. The effect of thrips damage on onion yield was studied and the mean percentages of yield losses in onion bulb as a result of thrips damage during two successive seasons ranging from 26.17 % to 42.39 % in different planting dates in the 1st season. In the 2nd season loss in bulb yield recorded 20.45, 30.85 and 35.23 % in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd planting date, respectively. Statistical analysis of correlation coefficient values showed that the effect of climatic factors on the population density of T. tabaci wasn’t differed according to planting date during two studied seasons. The population density of onion thrips correlated positively with minimum, mean, maximum temperature, mean of wind speed and negatively correlated with average relative humidity.
2015
10
01
1399
1413
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_75335_ade67c4121610732a348d47108bd84a7.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2015
6
10
SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF THE SPINY BOLLWORM, Earias insulana (BOISD.) ON SOME HOST PLANTS
A.
Amer
A.
EL-Sayed
M.
Hashem
The seasonal fluctuation of the spiny bollworm (SBW), Earias insulana (Boisd.), (moths and larvae) was detected on cotton, Gossypium barbadense L., okra, Hibiscus esculentus L. and maize, Zea maize L. at Minia Elkamah district, Sharkia Governorate during 2013 and 2014 seasons. Results revealed that the population of SBW male moths recorded four peaks on cotton and okra each season , the fourth peak appeared the highest numbers on the 2nd & 3rd and 3rd & 4th weeks of October with 39 & 57 and 45 & 65 moths/trap/week in the two cotton and okra seasons, respectively. While, on maize, the population of moths recorded two peaks with 7&11 and 10&13 moths /trap/ week in first sowing date and one peak with 30 and 40 moths /trap/ week in second sowing date during the two seasons, respectively. The infestation percentage by the SBW larvae was recorded two peaks in cotton at 4th week and 3rd week of August and 2nd and 3rd weeks of October and three peaks in okra at 4th and 2nd week of June, 2nd week of September and 3rd week of November; the second peak in cotton (26.0 and 19.0 %) and third peak in okra (33.0 and 37.0 %) were the highest than other during the two seasons, respectively. While, the highest infestation percentage by the SBW larvae which attack maize was recorded in 3rd week of August with 3.0 and 4.0% and 3rd week of November with 5.0% in the first and second sowing date during the two seasons, respectively. The infestation by the SBW larvae and the population of SBW male moths captured in sex pheromone traps were highest on okra followed by cotton and maize. The population of SBW moth catches was negatively correlated with mean of temperature and positively correlated with mean of relative humidity in 2013 and 2014 seasons. This study play an important role in determine timing to control of the SBW.
seasonal fluctuation
Earias insulana and host plants
2015
10
01
1415
1425
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_75338_a16a4facdf010bd0c295a0ae314ed2c5.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2015
6
10
SELECTIVITY OF CERTAIN INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROLLING THE CABBAGE APHID Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) And Their Effect On Some Predatory Insects On CAULIFLOWER FIELDS IN EL-MINIA REGION-UPPER EGYPT.
R.
Ali
O.
Zedan
The relative toxicity of Thiamethoxam,lambda-cyhalothrin, dimethoit, chlorpyrifos and (lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorpyrifos) were tested against the Cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) on Cauliflower in EL-Minia regon during 2015 season. The population ofCabbage aphid on Cauliflower plants was nearly the same in all the treat plants before application with insecticides in 2015 season. The population density of Cabbage aphid was strongly decreased in all treated plots after 3 days from insecticides application compared with control. The average reduction of all compounds during experiment were 86.8 and 76.1for Thiamethoxam and (Chlorpyriphos + lambda-cyhalothrin), respectively. Also, the results revealed that all compounds differed significantly in their toxicity except Lambda-cyhalothrin , Dimethoit and Chlorpyrifos (no significant difference between for their toxicity, which were 64.3, 66.5 and 62.3 percent reduction, respectively). In general, data showed that superiority of Thiamethoxam as systemic insecticides activities than non-systemic insecticides in their toxicity after 3,7 and 15 days. On the other hand, the average reduction of all compounds during experiment to Coccinella undeciumpunctata L. were45, 38.3, 38, 37.3 and 30.7, for (Chlorpyriphos + lambda-cyhalothrin), Chlorpyriphos , Lambda-cyhalothrin, Dimethoitand Thiamethoxam, respectively. The degree of selectivity to all compounds was selectivity but Thiamethoxam was the highest. Also, Thiamethoxam was good selectivity on Scymuns spp. and all compounds were selectivity and the average reduction to all compounds during experiment to Scymuns spp were41.7, 35, 31.4, 31 and 16 percent reduction for ( Chlorpyriphos + lambda-cyhalothrin),Lambda-cyhalothrin, Dimethoit , Chlorpyriphos and Thiamethoxam, respectively. In general, data showed the tested compounds did not completely eliminate the beneficial arthropods. The superiority of Thiamethoxam as systemic insecticides activities than non-systemic.
2015
10
01
1427
1437
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_75342_6c253674263f6c9a93bd0d77b0d50df7.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2015
6
10
THE ROLE OF DOWN-REGULATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES ACCUMULATION IN PLAYING AN ESSENTIAL ACT IN SOYBEAN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO Fusarium virguliforme INFECTION
H.
Ketta
Biochemical and histochemical analysis of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cv. Giza 111 plants naturally infected with Fusarium virguliforme were studied to clarify the susceptibility mechanisms under open field conditions during 2015 growing season. Levels of superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which are the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) forms were significantly increased and accumulated after 3 and 5 days from symptom appearance in infected soybean plants. Also, electrolyte leakage (EL) values which indicate to the membrane permeability were increased after 3 days from symptom appearance, while the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes were decreased. In addition, concentrations of chlorophyll A and B were significantly decreased in infected soybean plants in comparison with the uninfected one. Down-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities might be the key role of soybean susceptibility to sudden death syndrome (SDS) infection which caused by soil-borne pathogen F. virguliforme. Antioxidant enzyme activities in infected plants were not enough for ROS-scavenging and initiated the programmed cell death and led for sudden wilt of susceptible plants. Plants showed wide range of defense responses in reaction to initiated invasion by the pathogen, including the production and accumulation of ROS by the process called "oxidative burst" which is the rapid and earliest step to produce large amounts of ROS and use them as weapons in a defense response system. Reactive oxygen species work also as signals which are able to stimulate other plant defense mechanisms. Steps of reactive oxygen species production and scavenging are highly dynamic and consists of a complex signaling network. Giving more attention to antioxidant enzyme activities and reactive oxygen species levels is needed for plant breeders in order to create a resistant soybean cultivars and might be useful for discovering a new alternative disease control strategies in which safety and decrease the environmental pollutions.
Sudden death syndrome
Fusarium virguliforme
antioxidants
Electrolyte leakage
Reactive oxygen species
2015
10
01
1439
1461
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_75345_d5f1b5d0a6bbd5685b696c8ceedd437e.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2015
6
10
IMPACT OF CERTAIN PLANT EXTRACTS ON ENZYMES ACTIVITY OF TOMATO LEAFMINER Tuta absoluta.
M.
Taha
A.
Abd-El wahab
Afaf
Abasse
samia
Yasein
E.
Mohammed
The experiments were conducted in the laboratory Plant Protection Research Institute Dokki- Giza, to study the effect of Anethum groveolenus Dill, Ambrosia maritime Damaseia extract, Cumminum cyminum Cumin; Syzyguim aromaticum Clove and Allium maritime Garlic on activity of some enzymes in( Tuta absoluta Meyrick) on tomato plants were investigated. After the tested compounds application, the results revealed that these compounds had various effects on the activity alkaline phosphatases, α and β esterases and carbohydrates hydrolyzing enzymes ( trehalase, invertase and amylase (. The enzyme activity reduced or increased significantly. Activity of alkaline phosphatases, α and β esterases were higher in Damasiea on T. absoluta, in comparison to control. The percentage of increase of alkaline enzymes activity were +22.28 and +17.38 and +13.34 % in T. absoluta respectively. Also, in cumin and garlic extracts treatments. Generally, in case of T. absoluta treatments, the results of damasiea extract indicated high increase (+40.1% in comparison to control) in activity of beta- esterases and invertase enzymes but high decrease (+45.9%), in alpha- esterases activity only.
The results indicated that the damasiea extract had direct effects on the metabolism in the body Tuta absoluta.
2015
10
01
1463
1469
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_75350_8d1bad2c11d11f14bc6c132d9a8f93a7.pdf