2024-03-29T02:41:09Z
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=13093
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
EFFICIENCY OF TWO FORMULATIONS OF THE PATHOGENIC FUNGI, BIOSECT (Beauveria bassiana) AND BIORANZA (Metarhizium anisopliae) AGAINST LARVAE OF Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.) AND Agrotis ipsilon (HFN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTIDAE)
S.
EL- Garhy
Laboratory tests and a semi-field trial were carried out to determine the efficiency of two commercial preparations of the entomopathogenic fungi,Beauveriabassiana and Metarhiziumanisopliae namely; Biosect w.p., and Bioranza10 % w.p., against the first instar larvae of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis(Boisd.) and, Agrotis ipsilon(Hfn.)(Lepedoptera : Noctuidae). Newly hatched, one- day and two- day old larvae of the two insects were allowed to feed on castor oil leaves (100 gram / replicate) treated with different concentrations of the two entomopathogenic fungi for 48hrs at three different temperatures, 20, 25 and 305C. Mortality rate increased by increasing the concentration, or post treatment period and temperature. Newly hatched larvae were the most sensitive to the toxic effect especially at highest concentration and temperature(305C), while the two- day old larvae were the most tolerant and the one-day old larvae expressed a moderate tolerance. S. littoralis was more sensitive than A. ipsilon. Calculated LC50s values for initial mortality of the newly hatched larvae were (0.458, 0.309 and 0.279 mg/ml. when treated with Biosect and (0.676, 0.352 and 0.317 when treated with Bioranza) at 20, 25 and 25 5C, respectively. Consumed castor oil leaves were decreased by increasing the concentration and temperature but were lower than the control.
Spodoptera littoralis
Agrotis ipsilon
Beauveria bassiana
Metarhizium anisopliae
Efficiency
2013
01
01
1
14
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87245_e82fbbd95d3d99a8dfd3739c09e22092.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE, MOISTURE AND SAND COVER ON PUPATION DEPTH, SURVIVAL OF PUPAE AND ADULTS OF ZIZYPHUS FRUIT FLY, Carpomyia incompleta BECKER UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
M.
Risk
F.
Abdel-Galil
S.
Temerak
Dalia
Darwish
The current study indicated that the most suitable soil type and moisture level for the emergence of Zizyphus fruit fly (ZFF), Carpomyia incompleta Becker (Diptera: Tephritidae) was the sandy soil containing 15% water. It was found that the highest pupation depth was about 5cm. To avoid the harmful to the friendly soil fauna, it may be suggested that if the soil fumigation or gas producing materials must be applied, it should be penetrated into the soil not more than 10cm. The effect of soil depth on the survival of pupae and adults of ZFF was studied under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that, soil depth is negatively correlated with emergence of ZFF adults. The highest rates of fly's emergence (100-80%) were observed at the lowest depths (1-15cm) with no significant differences in the percentage of adult emergence. In fact, we have recorded that highest rates of emergence (100 and 95%) were corresponded to 1and 2cm depth, respectively. The rates of emergence were gradually reduced when pupae placed on depth between 20 and 40cm. Rate of emergence at these depths was shown to be 70% at 20 cm depth and 45% at 40 cm depth. Depth of 50 cm had detrimental effect on emergence of adult fly, where the flies failed completely to emerge from the pupae (0%) at this depth. The results showed also that depth of soil between 5 and 10 cm is the most preferable for emergence of ZFF adults.
Our results are evidence that soil depth had a significant impact on emergence and survival of adults of ZFF. Therefore, we suggest that soil depth should be considered as one of the most important abiotic factors in minimizing the pest's population.
Zizyphus fruit fly
pupa
Adult
moisture
soil depth
2013
01
01
15
22
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87246_0e4e41f9547820f2c763229cac55f59d.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
SCREENING OF VINEYARDS ROOTSTOCK AND CULTIVARS FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (Meloidogyne incognita)
Heba
Abd El-Nabi
A.
Khalil
Sahar
Abd El-Baset
Samia
Massoud
Three hosts of grape (Vitis vinifera L), Flame seedless, Thompson seedless, Superior” and two resistant rootstocks “Harmony and Freedom” were inoculated with 3000 second stage juveniles per plant. After two months from inoculation for evaluation of nematode reproduction, Flame seedless was highly susceptible to M. incognita, while Thompson seedless and Superior were moderate susceptible. The difference in protein banding patterns among healthy and infected samples proved they were differences in buffer soluble protein extracted from the leaves of five tested cultivars as the response to infection of M. incognita. ISJ-PCR was used to measure the degree of similarity among grape varieties and rootstock and to calculate the genetic distance between these varieties. Polymorphic fragment reveled the difference and establish systemic relationships among the tested varieties may be referred the resistance in the rootstocks.
Grape varieties
resistance
PCR
Meloidogyne incognita
2013
01
01
23
34
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87247_6144beefae856b688660297802776816.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOME STARWEBERRY CULTIVARS TO THE INFESTATION OF TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH
K.
Mohamed
Mona
El Ghobashy
The relative susceptibility of six strawberry cultivars (Chandler sweet charll Branko, style , Helda and Almont) to the infestation with the two spotted mite Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied in Al kanater Research station Qualubia Governorate , through two successive seasons (2010/2011) and (2011/2012) . Evaluation of mite infestation was estimated according to the other mean number of eggs and immature stages, results showed that the population dynamics of spider mites infestation in the six cultivars appear in few numbers during the period from October until February. The infestation increased during March and reaches until February the infestation increased during march and reaches the maximum during April and decreases.
The results also showed that sweetcharll and Chandler are the least preferable varieties, while Almont and Helda where the most preferable varieties to spider mite infestation .
Based on these conclusions, Sweetcharll and Chandler varieties are recommended for the strawberry growers in order to depress the population density of the mite T. urticae in the strawberry fields in Egypt.
2013
01
01
35
39
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87251_934a570c20bf256f43a7412e198794d9.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON VIRULENCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF Sclerotium cepivorum
Heba
Abd El-Nabi
M.
Hafez
The effects of the exposure to Dynamic magnetic field (ACMF) of 7,10 and 15 gauss for periods from 4 to 12 hours on the Sclerotium cepivorum were studied in vitro by using microscope (Leica version 1.8, Germany). ACMF made changes in the thickness of the mycelium of the fungus and reduce the production of sclerotia . Data was indicated there is no significant between the three media with average 44.03, 44.38 and 45.00 respectively. Also, there is no significant between the periods of exposure (4, 12 h) with average 41.44, 47.50. the interaction between Media x Hours (M x H) show there are significant difference between them. Finally, I conclude that by increase the period of exposure time of Dynamic magnetic, it will decrease the Disease severity and the Disease incidence.
2013
01
01
41
47
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87254_f0504deb0410770d9d3f1c1d40d6c458.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
IMPACTS OF MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS WITH BIOFLY (Beauveria bassiana) AND SPINTOR® (SPINOSAD) ON HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) LARVAE
Mona
Abdel Rasoul
K.
Eid
Gehan
Marei
Biofly (Beauveria bassiana) and SpinTor® (Spinosad) are increasingly applied as biopesticides throughout Egypt to control various agricultural pests. We investigated, in a previous study, the acute toxicities of the two biopesticides among others and their effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) workers. In this study, we are focusing on the acute toxicities and the potential side effects of multiple applications with biofly (Beauveria bassiana) and SpinTor® (Spinosad) biopesticides on AChE activity of larvae of honey bee workers. Chosen groups of young worker larvae, in a brood comb of honey bee colony, were fed once, twice or three times at 1-day intervals on sugar syrup 1:1 (w/v) containing different concentrations of the two biopesticides. The mortality percentages of treated worker larvae were determined after 24 h of one application, or two or three daily applications, and the lethal concentrations that caused 50% mortality (LC50) were estimated to determine the acute toxicity of Biofly and Spinosad to worker larvae. Also, the impacts on AChE activity of larvae were determined in vivo after 24 and 96 h of single application or two daily applications. According to the LC50 values, Spinosad showed higher toxic actions to worker larvae comparable to Biofly. Also, the acute toxicity (after 24 h) of three daily applications of Biofly (1905 mg L-1) or Spinosad (12.04 mg L-1) was higher than the corresponding value of two daily applications (3847 and 21.45 mg L-1, respectively).The same trend, the acute toxicity of two daily applications was higher than that of single application (5113 and 51.29 mg L-1, respectively). Therefore, there were lethal cumulative effects of Biofly and Spinosad on worker larvae. Furthermore, our findings indicated that the average of AChE activities in larvae fed twice on sugar syrup with Biofly or Spinosad was significantly (p > 0.05) higher than that in larvae fed once after 24 and 96 h. Also, Biofly when found in sugar syrup at tested concentrations has activator effects after 24 h of application, and inhibitory effects after 96 h of application on AChE activity in worker larvae fed once or twice. In addition, Spinosad showed activator effect only after 24 h of single application, and inhibitory effects after 24 h of two daily applications and after 96 h of one or two daily applications on AChE activity in worker larvae.
Honey bee
Apis mellifera L
Larvae
biopesticides
Biofly
Beauveria bassiana
SpinTor®
Spinosad
toxicity
Acetylcholinesterase
2013
01
01
49
66
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87255_3d8dd91b6bc3d036daff925f8643d8f8.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
EFFICACY OF CERTAIN COMPOUNDS AGAINST THE GLASSY CLOVER SNAIL, MONACHA CARTUSIANA (MÜLLER) AT SHARKIA GOVERNORATE
S.
Shetaia
A.
Arafa
S.
Abd-El-Atty
The effect of certain insecticides (Agrinate, Vertimic and Actara) and biocides (Zantara, Biovar and Bioranza) were studied at Sharkia Governorate during the growing seasons 2011and 2012. Results revealed that Agrinate was the highest mortality percentages against M. cartusiana, snails, while Actara noticed the lowest one where mortality percentages reached 86.33 and 11.0%, respectively under laboratory conditions. Under field conditions, it was noticed that Agrinate more effective than any insecticides or biocides where reduction percentage reached 77.17% while biovar gave 15.98%.Generally, Agrinate was highly efficiency against M. cartusiana (Müller) snails under laboratory and field conditions.
2013
01
01
67
73
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87256_748bde997cd600e354061b9584011521.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
INTEGRAL ACTION OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE VAR. ACRIDUN AND LOW DOSE OF SOME AFFECTING TREATMENTS AGAINST LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MIGRATORIOIDES UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
T.
Ali
G.
Mohamed
The effect of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum, anti-feedant agent (azadirachtin), anti-molting agent (Flufenoxuron), Juvenile hormone analogue compound (pyripoxyfen) and Chloropyrifos (two formulations) was evaluated under field conditions of Shark El-Uwainat area against the nymphal instars 3rd, 4th and 5th of Locusta migratoria migratorioides. The obtained results revealed that the integration between M. anisopliae and 20% of the recommended dose of all the compounds exhibited the highest integral action, recording 100% population reduction after (11-13days) of application. On the other hand, the fungus alone induced moderate percentages of population reduction after 10 days of treatment.
Also, on comparing the dose and half the dose of the fungus the full dose gave approximately the same trend of activity. Green muscle (M. anisopliae), anti-feedant agent, anti-molting agent and juvenile hormone analogues compound can be useful for proposed different elements of an IPM strategy.
2013
01
01
75
81
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87258_f48202344b5ec4134b12e20882cd4e60.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME COMPOUNDS ON THE PINK AND SPINY BOLLWORMS IN COTTON FIELDS
A.
Zaki
M.
Hegab
Experiments were conducted in cotton fields in the village of Bahr El-Baker, Sharkia Governorate during 2011 and 2012 cotton seasons to study the effect of Indoxacarb 105ml, Methomyl 300g and Spinosad at rates 50,75 and 100 ml/feddan"} on the pink and spiny bollworms. Results showed that Methomyl caused the highest reduction percentage on the pink bollworm 70.24%, followed by Spinosad 100,75 and 50ml with 57.01, 47.56 and 41.36%, respectively, during the two seasons. The least reduction percentage was 31.69% in Indoxacarb. The results, also indicated that Spinosad at rate 100 ml/ feddan caused the highest reduction percentage in the spiny bollworm where it was 69.50%, followed by Spinosad 75ml then Methomyl and Spinosad 50 ml where it was 58.99, 51.03 and 50.91%, respectively. Indoxacarb recorded the lowest reduction percentage 30.96%. Methomyl caused highest reduction percentage for the pink and spiny bollworms where it was 66.04%, followed by Spinosad 100,75 and 50 ml which recorded 61.95, 50.90 and 44.65%, respectively. Indoxacarb recorded the lowest reduction percentage 25.61%.
Indoxacarb
Methomyl
Spinosad
pesticide
pink bollworm and spiny bollworm
2013
01
01
83
89
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87260_4ef8a887205f71403e90f8eaec2e507e.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
FIRE AS MECHANICAL METHOD AFFECTING THE ABUNDANCE OF SOIL MITES AND SPIDERS
E.
Yassin
Walaa
Abou Zaid
M.
El-Sebaay
The effects of fire on general abundance and distribution of soil mites and spiders at two study regions (El-Qaluobia and El-Menofia) Governorates of Egypt were recorded after wheat harvesting time during the season 2011/2012. A total of 18 mite species were collected and identified during the study period before and after fire. The collected mites were belonging to four suborders namely Astigmata (one family and one species), Prostigmata (six families and ten species), Mesostigmata (four families and six species) and Cryptostigmata (one species in one family). The collected spiders in this study were six species in five families, one of them identified in family level only (Philodromidae). Also, only one collected spider was identified as species level Hogna ferox (Lucas) (Family: Lycoseidae), and the rest of the collected families identified to genera level only. In general, mites and spiders were more abundant during two weeks before burning and reached to the lowest level during one day before and after burning. The ground layers after buring have significantly affected soil mites and spiders populations. Mites belonging to suborders Prostigmata and Mesostigmata were affected significantly by fire but Astigmata and Cryptostigmata were less affected. The abundance of spiders was significantly decreased after burning in the spider families Gnaphosidae and Lycosidae, but Oecobiidae was not affected after burning at the two regions.
Mechanical fire
Wheat
Soil (Mites and Spiders)
Abundance
2013
01
01
91
100
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87261_c19123014541d53d6b346b3eff953439.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON POWDER POST BEETLES Lyctus linearis GOEZE IN EGYPT (LYCTIDAE: COLEOPTERA)
A
El-Saeady
I.
Ibrahim
S.
Haggag
M.
Mohamed
Biology of the powder post beetles, Lyctus linearis Goeze (Lyctidea: Coleoptera) was investigated under laboratory conditions. The female of beetles lay its eggs in the pores on the wood surface. The insect undergoes had four annual generations. The incubation period of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generations was 7.2, 6.8, 7.9 and 10.7 days, respectively. Rate of hatchability ranged between 66 % and 100 %. The duration of the larval stage ranged between 28 and 103 days during four annual generations. The pre- pupa, pupa, adult hardness and adult longevity durations were averaged 1-5, 6-15, 1-5 and 11-29 days, respectively
2013
01
01
101
108
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87264_cbc0afe047a4e31c959bd3a4e487f0fd.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
INFLUENCE OF FORTIFICATION OF MULBERRY LEAVES WITH NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC MULTIVITAMINS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF Bombyx mori L.
M.
Khedr
Samah
El-Shafiey
Hala
Mead
Fourth instar of silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori L. were fed on mulberry leaves fortified with two different multivitamin sources, natural (bee honey) and synthetic (Pharovit iron). The impact of the larval, cocoon, shell and pupal weight, filament length and weight and the number of breaks during reeling (filament size) were examined. Different results on biological parameters were obtained based on used concentrations or treatments. All the tested concentrations of two multivitamins increased filament size than control except the least concentration of Pharovit iron. Results also established highly significant elevation in the total soluble protein and increased number of protein bands, while decreased significantly the activity of transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT) either in honey or Pharovit treatments comparing to control. Thus, fortification of mulberry leaves with honey enhance protein metabolism, consequently, improving the commercial qualities of filament size, that's very important in sericulture.
Multivitamins
Growth
Development
biochemistry
Bombyx mori
2013
01
01
111
123
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87265_937ef4b825414ca02c0320cd16ef3745.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
EVALUATION OF VARIETAL RESISTANCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF FALSE AND KERNEL SMUT DISEASES OF RICE IN EGYPT
R
EL-Shafey
Rice false and kernel smuts are worldwide diseases present almost in rice ecosystems. Smut diseases are new production constrains. In Egypt, these smuts were considered a minor disease. False smut infects some grains of the panicle causing a yield loss. In addition, it produces ustiloxin which is a poisonous toxin to humans and other animals. Kernel smut also reduces the yield and quality of grains. The present study aimed to determine the resistance of number of rice genotypes against both false and kernel smut. Also study the physiological characters of the isolated fungi. Twenty three Egyptian rice genotypes were used in this investigation under field conditions in Sakha experimental farm during the 2009 and 2010 rice growing seasons. In case of false smut, all tested varieties were susceptible with different level of susceptibility as Giza 171, Giza 172, Giza 177 and Giza 178 were highly susceptible although Giza 171 and Giza 172 as late mature and Giza 177 is an early maturing variety. Data presented here show a wide range of variability in the response of different rice types against false smut infection. The resistance level of Japonica type against the disease was ranged from 20.37 to 92.90 %. While, the resistance level of Indica rice was ranged from 68.15 to 83.21 %. Also hybrid rice showed similar Indica rices behavior whereas their resistance level ranged from 66.82 to 81.88 %. In case of Indica- Japonica rice resistance were ranged from 54.01 to 88.06 %. The resistance of GZ lines ranged from 67.68 to 92.04 %. The widely cultivated varieties, Sakha 101 and Sakha 104 showed to be more resistant than other cultivars and exhibit significant a degrees of field resistance to false smut (92.90 %) compared with highly susceptible cultivar Giza 171. Regarding to kernel smut, Giza 171, Giza 172, Giza 159, Giza 177 and Giza 178 were the most susceptible tested cultivars. While Sakha 101, Sakha 104, GZ6522, GZ7955, Giza 182 and the Egyptian Yasmine were moderately resistance cultivars presenting over 90 % disease recovery. The physiological studied showed that false smut was grown abundantly on rice bran agar medium with fairly sporulation, while potato sucrose agar showed to be the most suitable medium for growing kernel smut fungus. The isolates of both fungi exhibited different level of variability. False smut isolates were differed in their colors with a range from olive to white or orange, while kernel smut isolates differed in pigments production with a range from violet or purple up to reddish color.
False smut
Kernel smut
Ustilaginoidea virens
Tilletia barclayana
Chlamydospores
teliospores
2013
01
01
125
142
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87266_03f50261bb60f3ac72247c15407cffab.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
VARIATION AMONG ISOLATES OF Botrytis spp. AND INTERACTION BETWEEN B. fabae ISOLATES AND SOME FABA BEAN VARIETIES
M.
Abd – Rabh
E.
Fayzallah
N.
Abou - Zeid
T.
Aziza
Isolates of Botrytis spp. collected from faba bean growing governorates of Northern and Middle Egypt were compared for their morphological and physiological characters.
Botrytis spp. isolates showed differences in growth rate and spore production as well as number and size of sclerotia while, growth of Botrytis cinerea isolates was faster than those of Botrytis fabae onto all tested media and most of the fabae type isolates produced number of spores less than that produced the cinerea type. Also, B. fabae isolates were the highest number of small sclerotia.
Eight faba bean varieties varied in their reaction to chocolate leaf sport disease caused by B. fabae Sard. Giza 402 is highly susceptible cv. (74.2%) while, Giza-Blanka was 402 the highly resistant (40.0%) whereas, Giza-3 was moderately resistant.
Also, isolate obtained from Nubaria was more virulent than those obtained from other governorates.
Faba bean
Botrytis fabae
Botrytis cinerea
Sclerotia
2013
01
01
143
150
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87271_a04baabab0eb22527f3977f3d6ca7c6f.pdf
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology
2090-3677
2090-3677
2013
4
1
CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF SYSTEMIC AQUARID RESISTANCE AND EFFECT OF THEIR APPLICATION TIME ON RICE BLAST “MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA” INFECTION TO CULTIVARS SAKHA101 AND SAKHA104.
Rabab
Elamawi
R.
El -Shafey
A.
Emeran
G.
Farahat
Blast is the most destructive rice diseases in Egypt and could cause significant yield losses. The variable nature and race shifting of the pathogen often leads to resistance breakdown of high yielding varieties such as Sakha 101 and Sakha 104. Chemical control is not always effective and often has an undesirable impact on the environment and human health. Some antioxidants and organic compounds; Bion (BTH, benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester), at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mM; Salicylic acid 8 mM (SA), Benzoic acid 8 mM, Nicotinic acid 8mM, H2O2 30%, and Compost tea 100% were directly applied as foliar spray of 21-days old seedlings prior to challenge inoculation with Magnaporthe grisea to promote blast resistance in rice leaves. Under greenhouse condition, artificial inoculation was applied after four fixed periods (5, 10, 15 and 20 days after treatment (DAT)) from the application date of all antioxidants. All antioxidants and compost tea reduced the infection percentage compared with untreated check especially with the inoculation 5 DAT. Concerning infection % of rice blast, there are a remarkable significant differences among all antioxidants compared with control. All antioxidants were significantly reduced the infection percentage. Salicylic acid was the most effective antioxidant at concentration of 8 mM, it recorded 4.9, 9.7, 28 and 15.5 % with 5, 10, 15 and 20 DAT, respectively. Also, Bion (BTH) at both concentrations 0.3 and 1.0 mM exhibited a significant reduction in infection %. The rest of antioxidants exhibited significant increase in infection % especially under late induced periods from 10-20 DAT.The optimal period of induced resistance, was artificial inoculation 5 DAT which recorded the lowest infection percentage compared with the inoculation after 10 to 20 days. With both Salicylic acid and Bion, artificial inoculation 5 DAT to 15 days led to a significant reduction in disease infection percentage and severity. While the resistance was remarkably sharply decreased after 15 days from induced resistance treatment with all antioxidants. Optimal induced period of Benzoic acid, Nicotinic acid, H2O2, Compost tea and Cinnamic acid was continued from 5 to 10 days only. Treatment with salicylic acid at 8 mM recorded the lowest area under disease progress curve ( AUDPC), 409.48 compared by the control 1304.24, followed by Bion at 0.3 and 1.0. However, BTH and Salicylic acid had neither suppression nor fungicidal effect on linear growth, spore germination, sporulation and appressorium formation of Magnaporthe grisea in vitro. Concerning Peroxidase (PO) activity with both SA 4mM and BTH increased continuously in 0-25 min. intervals and markedly significant increase, although PO activities reach to be maximum at 25 min. in which was higher than that control and other treatments. SA had the highest activities in period intervals followed by BTH. Compost Tea and H2O2 showed no significant increase in PO activity with all time intervals while the other treatments showed PO activities only in 10-20 min. compared to control. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity has gradually decreased during intervals 0 to3 min. Spraying by SA 4mM recorded the highest enzyme activity in all intervals and markedly significant increase in activity. For growth characters, all applications of antioxidants treatments led to a significant increase in leaf area, plant height, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight of rice leaves compared to control. In general, Sakha 101 rice cultivar exhibited the highest response to applications of all antioxidant compared with other cultivar Sakha 104 that have a weak response of growth characters to antioxidants application.
Abbreviations: BTH, benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester; JA, jasmonic acid; SA, salicylic acid; SAR, systemic acquired resistance.
rice blast
Magnaporthe grisea
induce resistance
Salicylic acid
BTH
systemic acquired resistance
2013
01
01
151
175