Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773420120401OCCURRENCE OF Exserohilum turcicum F.SP.SORGHI THE CAUSAL ORGANISM OF SORGHUM LEAF BLIGHT IN UPPER EGYPT3373468377310.21608/jppp.2012.83773ENA. A. A.El-NaggarMaize and Sugar crops Dis. Res. Sec., Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200419In 2005, severe attack of sorghum leaf blight caused by <em>Exserohilum turcicum</em> was observed on grain sorghum G-15(<em>Sorghum bicolar</em>) and Sudan grass (<em>Sorghum</em> <em>sudanense</em>) adjacent to healthy maize plants in Sids Agricultural Research Station (SARS) of Upper Egypt, A.R.C. Therefore, field experiments were conducted in 2006, 2007 and 2008 to determine host specificity type of <em>E. turcicum</em> in SARS on a set of ten sorghum and maize varieties. Two <em>E. turcicum</em> isolates obtained from lesions of infected sorghum plants were tested for their virulence in the greenhouse on seedlings of the same set of varieties used in the field. Colony and conidial morphology, radial growth at four temperature and serological studies of these sorghum isolates were compared with two maize isolates. One colony type was clearly distinguishable between sorghum isolates from nature at SARS. Fungal colonies from sorghum were generally characterized as having dark olivaceous, determinate margin with scant appressed aerial hyphae. Meanwhile fungal colonies from maize had a determinate margin and profuse aerial hyphae about the center of a gray to green-white colony. Sids isolates of <em>E. turcicum</em> attacked only its own hosts, local grain sorghum and Sudan grass, under natural and artificial infections. Our results reveled that sorghum isolates had a fast radial growth in culture than maize isolates at 27°C. At the same time, there were considerable differences in conidial characters among isolates of <em>E. turcicum</em> from the two hosts although they were serologically identical. Conidia of sorghum isolates had a long length range and more septa than of maize isolates (66-145 µm, 6 and 40-92 µm, 4 septate respectively). Based on the occurrence of distinct fungal colony type of <em>E. turcicum </em>isolates from sorghum along with host-specificity, fungal isolates obtained from Sids were classified as forma specialis.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83773_3b72fa2c643b6480a429ffe239fa6983.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773420120401POPULATION DENSITY OF SOME INSECT PESTS INFESTING GLOBE ARTICHOKE PLANTATIONS IN RELATION TO CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL FACTORS AT DAKAHALIA GOVERNORATE3473538377410.21608/jppp.2012.83774ENM. A.TahaScience College, Al Azhar Univ., Cairo, EgyptHoria A.Abd-el WahabPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki- Giza, EgyptHanaa IMahmoudScience College, Al Azhar Univ., Cairo, EgyptGhada EL S.Abd El HamedPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki- Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200419Field experiments were conducted at Dakahlia Governorate during two successive seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 to study the population density of some insect pests infesting globe artichoke plantations namely <em>Capitophorus horni</em> Born, <em>Empoasca discipiens </em>Poali, <em>Autographa gamma </em>Linn. and <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Biosd). Also the effect of certain weather factors (daily mean temperatures and daily mean R.H.) and plant age were studied on the population dynamics of the various insect pests. The weather factors and plant age had insignificant effect on the population density of <em>C. horni</em>, <em>E. discipiens</em>, <em>A. gamma </em>and <em>S. littoralis</em>. Also, the relative humidity had shown significant effect on population density of the four insect pests during the two seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. The percentage of explained variance was 92.5& 86.5 during the two successive seasons, respectively. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83774_91fd1c2ea5a27b75fa569b8efc981e73.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773420120401EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERAURES, THERMAL, THRESHLOD UNITS ON DEVELOPMENTOF SILVERY MOTH, Autographa gamma Linn.3553618377610.21608/jppp.2012.83776ENM. A.TahaScience College- Al Azhar Univ. Cairo, EgyptHoria A.Abd-El WahabPlant Protection Research Institute Dokki- Giza, EgyptHanaa I.MahmoudScience College- Al Azhar Univ. Cairo, EgyptGhada El S.Abd El HamedPlant Protection Research Institute Dokki- Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200419Developments of the silver Y moth <em>Autographa gamma</em> Linn(Lepidpterra : Noctuidae) was studied at constant temperatures 20, 25 and 30<sup>0</sup>C<sup>0</sup> ±1ْْ <sup>0</sup>C . Development of immature stages was accelerated as the tested temperatures increased .Total developmental time of larval duration averaged 25.26, 19.14 and 12.08 days at 20, 25 and 30<sup>0</sup>Crespectively. Generation period ranged between 46.34and 23.81days depending on rearing temperature. Adult female survived slightly longer than male. Fecundity was higher at (30<sup>0</sup>C) than 20<sup>0</sup>C. Female of <em>A. gamma</em> deposited 106.67eggs at 30 <sup>0</sup>C, while this number drastically decreased to 18.55 eggs at 20 <sup>0</sup>C. However, egg hatchability was %72.41; 66.04 and 63.64 at 20,25and 30 <sup>0</sup>C respectively.
The threshold of development (t<sub>0</sub>) degree- day (DDs ) was estimated to be 7.5<sup>0</sup>C, 10.83<sup>0</sup>C and 3.02<sup>0</sup>C for eggs, larvae and pupae, respectively. Based on estimated preferred temperature30,25 and 20 C<sup>0</sup> heat units (U.T. ) 79.2, 362.5and 247.8 are required to complied the development of egg, larval and pupal stages. Development of one generation may acquire 726.4 Degree-days.
https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83776_7ce57bd06329ba4791397b0f2861dbcc.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773420120401POWDERY MILDEW INFECTION ON SOME EGYPTIAN BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS.3633728377710.21608/jppp.2012.83777ENM. M.El-ShamyWheat Dis. Res. Dept., Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC.M. E. A.SallamWheat Dis. Res. Dept., Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC.H. M. F.AwadMaize, Sugar Crops and Foliages Dis. Res. Dept.,Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza ,Egypt.Journal Article20200419Wheat powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus <em>Blumeria graminis </em>(DC) E.O. Speer f. sp. <em>tritici </em>Em. Marchal, is one of the most severe foliar diseases attacking this crop, affecting wheat production under Mediterranean basin conditions through the last few years. Four bread wheat cultivars i.e.. Sakha-93, Gemmeiza-7, Gemmeiza-10, and Giza-160 as a check were evaluated to artificial inoculation of powdery mildew under field conditions. The tested wheat cultivars showed susceptible responses to powdery mildew with fluctuated values in 2010 and 2011 seasons. In 2010 season, the tested cultivars showed high levels of disease severity, ranged from 35 to 87 % ( Gemmeiza-7 and Gemmeiza-10, respectively). While, in 2011 lower levels were recorded, from 6.00 up-to 15% ( Sakha-93 and Gemmeiza-10, respectively). Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was correlated with disease severity during the two seasons. Also, the yield components, the thousand grain weight and the grain yield/m<sup>2</sup> were affected by disease severities with different values for each cultivar. High air temperature, wind speed and mild relative humidity played an important role in increasing powdery mildew infection level in 2010 season.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83777_917c2cd193cda82cf2869c22a61c33ee.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773420120401STUDY OF RISK EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT FOR EGYPTIAN INFANTS EXPOSED TO DIOXIN INTAKE IN COMMERCIAL BABY MILK3733878377810.21608/jppp.2012.83778ENY. M.NabilCentral Lab of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200419Dioxin is ubiquitous highly toxic environmental pollutants, which exhibit a potential risk for human health. Baby milk with high amount of fat content, which includes infant formula and follow-on formula, is the major food sources for babies. Therefore, it was a source for dioxin (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs)) accumulated in baby body. A total thirty-three baby milk samples collected from imported and domestic market with 22 different brands from 8 different countries to determine the levels of 17 PCDD/PCDFs in baby milk with a mean total value 0.199 pg WHO-TEQ/g fresh weight, and ranged from 0.039 to 0.691 pg WHO-TEQ/g fresh weight. The Dioxin profile analysis was useful as a fingerprint to suggest the source of dioxin contamination. The congener profiles of 17 PCDD/PCDFs in infant-formula milk, hence the 75.5% of PCDF levels contributed in total TEQ account of the toxicity in infant-formula milk while 24.5% for PCDD levels. Moreover, the 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD congeners were the most abundant congeners of total PCDD congeners while the 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF congeners were the most abundant congeners of total PCDF. Estimate dietary exposures to dioxins for various age groups: newborn aged 0-6 months; infant aged 6-12 months and toddlers aged 12-24 months. Dioxin Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) was estimated to be within the value is consistent with tolerable intakes derived using WHO: 1-4pg WHO TEQ /kg bw/day. Furthermore, dietary exposure to dioxin of exclusively formula-fed infants assessed at each month from 0 to 24 months. The percentage of formula-fed infants with an exposure exceeding the TDI of 6.56 pg WHO-TEQ/kg bw.d<sup>-1</sup> was 163.9% at 0 months, 43.8% at 6 months, 14.5% at >6 months, 12.4% at ≤12 months, 20.7% at >12 months and 16.7% at <24 months. However, estimated dietary exposure more than 6 months of age was always below the lowest range of the TDI of 1 pg WHO-TEQ kg<sup>-1</sup>.bw.d<sup>-1</sup>. This study gives useful data for TDI data on the daily intake permitted to Egyptian children to assess the risks and benefits of infant formula in Egypt for ages from newborns to age two years.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83778_f2efa89bb6f0ec0d43d33152c560b140.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773420120401TOXICITY OF THIAMETHOXAM/CHLORANTRANILIPROLE, NOVALURON, CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL AND METHOMYL AGAINST TWO DIFFERENT LARVAL INSTARS OF THE COTTON LEAFWORM Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) ON TOMATO PLANTS3893958377910.21608/jppp.2012.83779ENA. A.BarraniaPlant Protection Res. Inst., Etay El-baroud Agric. Res. Station. Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.M. H. M.El-KhawalkaPlant Protection Res. Inst., Etay El-baroud Agric. Res. Station. Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.M. A.El-BessomyPlant Protection Res. Inst., Etay El-baroud Agric. Res. Station. Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.Journal Article20200419The toxicity of thiamethoxam/chlorantraniliprole, novaluron, chlorpyrifos-methyl and methomyl applied at recommended rates was studied against the cotton leafworm <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> on tomato plants, during the summer seasons of 2010 and 2011 at Etay El-baroud Agricultural Research Station, El-Beheira Governorate. The % mortalities average (initial kill) caused by thiamethoxam/chlorantraniliprole, novaluron, chlorpyrifos-methyl and methomyl were 83.8, 84.8, 91.2 and 87.4%, respectively against 2<sup>nd</sup> instar of <em>Spodoptera</em> larvae, and were 82.5, 77.2, 89.9 and 87.4%, respectively against 4<sup>th</sup> instar of <em>Spodoptera</em> larvae, while %mortality average (residual toxicity) were 86.0, 70.5, 71.9 and 62.6%, respectively against 2<sup>nd</sup> instar of <em>Spodoptera</em> larvae, and were 71.7, 61.9, 67.6 and 56.9%, respectively against 4<sup>th</sup> instar of <em>Spodoptera</em> larvae. From these data it is clear that the two novel tested insecticides have a potent insecticidal activity against both 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th </sup>instars <em>S. littoralis</em> larvae. Results revealed that tested insecticides were more effective on second instar than forth instar and showed significant differences between tested insecticides.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_83779_453fa38a1cea86940e00a76f2d4a853b.pdf