Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101EFFICIENCY OF TWO FORMULATIONS OF THE PATHOGENIC FUNGI, BIOSECT (Beauveria bassiana) AND BIORANZA (Metarhizium anisopliae) AGAINST LARVAE OF Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.) AND Agrotis ipsilon (HFN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTIDAE)1148724510.21608/jppp.2013.87245ENS. M. M.EL- GarhyPlant Protiction Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200506Laboratory tests and a semi-field trial were carried out to determine the efficiency of two commercial preparations of the entomopathogenic fungi<strong>,</strong><em>Beauveriabassiana</em> and <em>Metarhiziumanisopliae</em> namely; Biosect w.p., and Bioranza10 % w.p., against the first instar larvae of the cotton leaf worm, <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>(Boisd.) and, <em>Agrotis ipsilon</em>(Hfn.)(Lepedoptera : Noctuidae). Newly hatched, one- day and two- day old larvae of the two insects were allowed to feed on castor oil leaves (100 gram / replicate) treated with different concentrations of the two entomopathogenic fungi for 48hrs at three different temperatures, 20, 25 and 30<sup>5</sup>C. Mortality rate increased by increasing the concentration, or post treatment period and temperature. Newly hatched larvae were the most sensitive to the toxic effect especially at highest concentration and temperature(30<sup>5</sup>C), while the two- day old larvae were the most tolerant and the one-day old larvae expressed a moderate tolerance. <em>S. littoralis </em>was more sensitive than <em>A. ipsilon</em>. Calculated LC<sub>50s</sub> values for initial mortality of the newly hatched larvae were (0.458, 0.309 and 0.279 mg/ml. when treated with<strong> Biosect</strong> and (0.676, 0.352 and 0.317 when treated with <strong>Bioranza</strong>) at 20, 25 and 25 <sup>5</sup>C, respectively. Consumed castor oil leaves were decreased by increasing the concentration and temperature but were lower than the control. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87245_e82fbbd95d3d99a8dfd3739c09e22092.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE, MOISTURE AND SAND COVER ON PUPATION DEPTH, SURVIVAL OF PUPAE AND ADULTS OF ZIZYPHUS FRUIT FLY, Carpomyia incompleta BECKER UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS15228724610.21608/jppp.2013.87246ENM. M. A.RiskPlant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.F. A.Abdel-GalilPlant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.S. A. H.TemerakPlant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.Dalia Y. A.DarwishPlant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.Journal Article20200506The current study indicated that the most suitable soil type and moisture level for the emergence of Zizyphus fruit fly (ZFF), <em>Carpomyia incompleta </em>Becker (Diptera: Tephritidae) was the sandy soil containing 15% water. It was found that the highest pupation depth was about 5cm. To avoid the harmful to the friendly soil fauna, it may be suggested that if the soil fumigation or gas producing materials must be applied, it should be penetrated into the soil not more than 10cm. The effect of soil depth on the survival of pupae and adults of ZFF was studied under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that, soil depth is negatively correlated with emergence of ZFF adults. The highest rates of fly's emergence (100-80%) were observed at the lowest depths (1-15cm) with no significant differences in the percentage of adult emergence. In fact, we have recorded that highest rates of emergence (100 and 95%) were corresponded to 1and 2cm depth, respectively. The rates of emergence were gradually reduced when pupae placed on depth between 20 and 40cm. Rate of emergence at these depths was shown to be 70% at 20 cm depth and 45% at 40 cm depth. Depth of 50 cm had detrimental effect on emergence of adult fly, where the flies failed completely to emerge from the pupae (0%) at this depth. The results showed also that depth of soil between 5 and 10 cm is the most preferable for emergence of ZFF adults.
Our results are evidence that soil depth had a significant impact on emergence and survival of adults of ZFF. Therefore, we suggest that soil depth should be considered as one of the most important abiotic factors in minimizing the pest's population.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87246_0e4e41f9547820f2c763229cac55f59d.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101SCREENING OF VINEYARDS ROOTSTOCK AND CULTIVARS FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (Meloidogyne incognita)23348724710.21608/jppp.2013.87247ENHeba Abd El-NabiSuez Canal Univ., Fac. Agric., Dept. of Plant pathology. Ismaillia, Egypt, 41255.A. E.KhalilCenter of Agric. Res., Plant pathology Institute, Giza, EgyptSahar Abd El-BasetCenter of Agric. Res., Plant pathology Institute, Giza, EgyptSamia MassoudSuez Canal Univ., Fac. Agric., Dept. of Plant pathology. Ismaillia, Egypt, 41255.Journal Article20200506Three hosts of grape (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L), Flame seedless, Thompson seedless, Superior” and two resistant rootstocks “Harmony and Freedom” were inoculated with 3000 second stage juveniles per plant. After two months from inoculation for evaluation of nematode reproduction, Flame seedless was highly susceptible to <em>M. incognita</em>, while Thompson seedless and Superior were moderate susceptible. The difference in protein banding patterns among healthy and infected samples proved they were differences in buffer soluble protein extracted from the leaves of five tested cultivars as the response to infection of <em>M. incognita</em>. ISJ-PCR was used to measure the degree of similarity among grape varieties and rootstock and to calculate the genetic distance between these varieties. Polymorphic fragment reveled the difference and establish systemic relationships among the tested varieties may be referred the resistance in the rootstocks.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87247_6144beefae856b688660297802776816.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOME STARWEBERRY CULTIVARS TO THE INFESTATION OF TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH35398725110.21608/jppp.2013.87251ENK. E.MohamedPant Prot. Res. Inst. Aric. , Res. , Center , Dokki, EgyptMona S.El GhobashyPant Prot. Res. Inst. Aric. , Res. , Center , Dokki, EgyptJournal Article20200506The relative susceptibility of six strawberry cultivars <br /> (Chandler sweet charll Branko, style , Helda and Almont) to the infestation with the two spotted mite <em>Tetranychus</em> <em>urticae</em> Koch was studied in Al kanater Research station Qualubia Governorate , through two successive seasons (2010/2011) and (2011/2012) . Evaluation of mite infestation was estimated according to the other mean number of eggs and immature stages, results showed that the population dynamics of spider mites infestation in the six cultivars appear in few numbers during the period from October until February. The infestation increased during March and reaches until February the infestation increased during march and reaches the maximum during April and decreases.
The results also showed that sweetcharll and Chandler are the least preferable varieties, while Almont and Helda where the most preferable varieties to spider mite infestation .
Based on these conclusions, Sweetcharll and Chandler varieties are recommended for the strawberry growers in order to depress the population density of the mite <em>T. urticae</em> in the strawberry fields in Egypt.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87251_934a570c20bf256f43a7412e198794d9.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON VIRULENCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF Sclerotium cepivorum41478725410.21608/jppp.2013.87254ENHeba M.Abd El-NabiSuez Canal Univ., Fac. of Agric., Dept. of Agric. Botany, Ismailia 41522 Egypt.M. HafezSuez Canal University, Faculty of Science, department of Physic, Ismailia 41522 Egypt.Journal Article20200506The effects of the exposure to Dynamic magnetic field (ACMF) of 7,10 and 15 gauss for periods from 4 to 12 hours on the <em>Sclerotium cepivorum </em>were studied in vitro by using microscope (Leica version 1.8, Germany). ACMF made changes in the thickness of the mycelium of the fungus and reduce the production of sclerotia . Data was indicated there is no significant between the three media with average 44.03, 44.38 and 45.00 respectively. Also, there is no significant between the periods of exposure (4, 12 h) with average 41.44, 47.50. the interaction between Media x Hours (M x H) show there are significant difference between them. Finally, I conclude that by increase the period of exposure time of Dynamic magnetic, it will decrease the Disease severity and the Disease incidence.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87254_f0504deb0410770d9d3f1c1d40d6c458.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101IMPACTS OF MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS WITH BIOFLY (Beauveria bassiana) AND SPINTOR® (SPINOSAD) ON HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) LARVAE49668725510.21608/jppp.2013.87255ENMona A.Abdel RasoulDept. of Plant Protection, Fac. of Agric., Damanhour University.K. S. A.EidDept. of Plant Protection, Fac. of Agric., Damanhour University.Gehan I. Kh.MareiDept. of Plant Protection, Fac. of Agric., Damanhour University.Journal Article20200506Biofly (<em>Beauveria bassiana</em>) and SpinTor® (Spinosad) are increasingly applied as biopesticides throughout Egypt to control various agricultural pests. We investigated, in a previous study, the acute toxicities of the two biopesticides among others and their effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of honey bee (<em>Apis mellifera</em> L.) workers. In this study, we are focusing on the acute toxicities and the potential side effects of multiple applications with biofly (<em>Beauveria bassiana</em>) and SpinTor® (Spinosad) biopesticides on AChE activity of larvae of honey bee workers. Chosen groups of young worker larvae, in a brood comb of honey bee colony, were fed once, twice or three times at 1-day intervals on sugar syrup 1:1 (w/v) containing different concentrations of the two biopesticides. The mortality percentages of treated worker larvae were determined after 24 h of one application, or two or three daily applications, and the lethal concentrations that caused 50% mortality (LC<sub>50</sub>) were estimated to determine the acute toxicity of Biofly and Spinosad to worker larvae. Also, the impacts on AChE activity of larvae were determined <em>in vivo</em> after 24 and 96 h of single application or two daily applications. According to the LC<sub>50</sub> values, Spinosad showed higher toxic actions to worker larvae comparable to Biofly. Also, the acute toxicity (after 24 h) of three daily applications of Biofly (1905 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) or Spinosad (12.04 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) was higher than the corresponding value of two daily applications (3847 and 21.45 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively).The same trend, the acute toxicity of two daily applications was higher than that of single application (5113 and 51.29 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). Therefore, there were lethal cumulative effects of Biofly and Spinosad on worker larvae. Furthermore, our findings indicated that the average of AChE activities in larvae fed twice on sugar syrup with Biofly or Spinosad was significantly (p > 0.05) higher than that in larvae fed once after 24 and 96 h. Also, Biofly when found in sugar syrup at tested concentrations has activator effects after 24 h of application, and inhibitory effects after 96 h of application on AChE activity in worker larvae fed once or twice. In addition, Spinosad showed activator effect only after 24 h of single application, and inhibitory effects after 24 h of two daily applications and after 96 h of one or two daily applications on AChE activity in worker larvae.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87255_3d8dd91b6bc3d036daff925f8643d8f8.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101EFFICACY OF CERTAIN COMPOUNDS AGAINST THE GLASSY CLOVER SNAIL, MONACHA CARTUSIANA (MÜLLER) AT SHARKIA GOVERNORATE67738725610.21608/jppp.2013.87256ENS. Z. S.ShetaiaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric, Res, Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.A. A. I.ArafaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric, Res, Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.S. F.Abd-El-AttyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric, Res, Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200506
The effect of certain insecticides (Agrinate, Vertimic and Actara) and biocides (Zantara, Biovar and Bioranza) were studied at Sharkia Governorate during the growing seasons 2011and 2012. Results revealed that Agrinate was the highest mortality percentages against <em>M. cartusiana</em>, snails, while Actara noticed the lowest one where mortality percentages reached 86.33 and 11.0%, respectively under laboratory conditions. Under field conditions, it was noticed that Agrinate more effective than any insecticides or biocides where reduction percentage reached 77.17% while biovar gave 15.98%.Generally, Agrinate was highly efficiency against <em>M. cartusiana</em> (Müller) snails under laboratory and field conditions.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87256_748bde997cd600e354061b9584011521.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101INTEGRAL ACTION OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE VAR. ACRIDUN AND LOW DOSE OF SOME AFFECTING TREATMENTS AGAINST LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MIGRATORIOIDES UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS75818725810.21608/jppp.2013.87258ENT. A. A.AliLocust and Grasshoppers Res. Section, Plant Prot. Res. Inst., A.R.C. Dokki, Giza, Egypt.G. AMohamedLocust and Grasshoppers Res. Section, Plant Prot. Res. Inst., A.R.C. Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200506The effect of <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> var. <em>acridum</em>, anti-feedant agent (azadirachtin), anti-molting agent (Flufenoxuron), Juvenile hormone analogue compound (pyripoxyfen) and Chloropyrifos (two formulations) was evaluated under field conditions of Shark El-Uwainat area against the nymphal instars 3<sup>rd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> of <em>Locusta migratoria migratorioides</em>. The obtained results revealed that the integration between <em>M. anisopliae</em> and 20% of the recommended dose of all the compounds exhibited the highest integral action, recording 100% population reduction after (11-13days) of application. On the other hand, the fungus alone induced moderate percentages of population reduction after 10 days of treatment.
Also, on comparing the dose and half the dose of the fungus the full dose gave approximately the same trend of activity. Green muscle (<em>M. anisopliae</em>), anti-feedant agent, anti-molting agent and juvenile hormone analogues compound can be useful for proposed different elements of an IPM strategy. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87258_f48202344b5ec4134b12e20882cd4e60.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME COMPOUNDS ON THE PINK AND SPINY BOLLWORMS IN COTTON FIELDS83898726010.21608/jppp.2013.87260ENA. A. A.ZakiPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki , GizaM. E.M.HegabPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki , GizaJournal Article20200506Experiments were conducted in cotton fields in the village of Bahr El-Baker, Sharkia Governorate during 2011 and 2012 cotton seasons to study the effect of Indoxacarb 105ml, Methomyl 300g and Spinosad at rates 50,75 and 100 ml/feddan"} on the pink and spiny bollworms. Results showed that Methomyl caused the highest reduction percentage on the pink bollworm 70.24%, followed by Spinosad 100,75 and 50ml with 57.01, 47.56 and 41.36%, respectively, during the two seasons. The least reduction percentage was 31.69% in Indoxacarb. The results, also indicated that Spinosad at rate 100 ml/ feddan caused the highest reduction percentage in the spiny bollworm where it was 69.50%, followed by Spinosad 75ml then Methomyl and Spinosad 50 ml where it was 58.99, 51.03 and 50.91%, respectively. Indoxacarb recorded the lowest reduction percentage 30.96%. Methomyl caused highest reduction percentage for the pink and spiny bollworms where it was 66.04%, followed by Spinosad 100,75 and 50 ml which recorded 61.95, 50.90 and 44.65%, respectively. Indoxacarb recorded the lowest reduction percentage 25.61%.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87260_4ef8a887205f71403e90f8eaec2e507e.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101FIRE AS MECHANICAL METHOD AFFECTING THE ABUNDANCE OF SOIL MITES AND SPIDERS911008726110.21608/jppp.2013.87261ENE. M. A.YassinPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptWalaa R.Abou ZaidPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptM. M.El-SebaayPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200506The effects of fire on general abundance and distribution of soil mites and spiders at two study regions (El-Qaluobia and El-Menofia) Governorates of Egypt were recorded after wheat harvesting time during the season 2011/2012. A total of 18 mite species were collected and identified during the study period before and after fire. The collected mites were belonging to four suborders namely Astigmata (one family and one species), Prostigmata (six families and ten species), Mesostigmata (four families and six species) and Cryptostigmata (one species in one family). The collected spiders in this study were six species in five families, one of them identified in family level only (Philodromidae). Also, only one collected spider was identified as species level <em>Hogna ferox</em> (Lucas) (Family: Lycoseidae), and the rest of the collected families identified to genera level only. In general, mites and spiders were more abundant during two weeks before burning and reached to the lowest level during one day before and after burning. The ground layers after buring have significantly affected soil mites and spiders populations. Mites belonging to suborders Prostigmata and Mesostigmata were affected significantly by fire but Astigmata and Cryptostigmata were less affected. The abundance of spiders was significantly decreased after burning in the spider families Gnaphosidae and Lycosidae, but Oecobiidae was not affected after burning at the two regions.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87261_c19123014541d53d6b346b3eff953439.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON POWDER POST BEETLES Lyctus linearis GOEZE IN EGYPT (LYCTIDAE: COLEOPTERA)1011088726410.21608/jppp.2013.87264ENA A.El-SaeadyFaculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.I. L.IbrahimFaculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.S. M.HaggagPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki Egypt.M. H.MohamedPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki Egypt.Journal Article20200506Biology of the powder post beetles, <em>Lyctus linearis</em> Goeze (Lyctidea: Coleoptera) was investigated under laboratory conditions. The female of beetles lay its eggs in the pores on the wood surface. The insect undergoes had four annual generations. The incubation period of 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> generations was 7.2, 6.8, 7.9 and 10.7 days, respectively. Rate of hatchability ranged between 66 % and 100 %. The duration of the larval stage ranged between 28 and 103 days during four annual generations. The pre- pupa, pupa, adult hardness and adult longevity durations were averaged 1-5, 6-15, 1-5 and 11-29 days, respectively
<strong> </strong>https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87264_cbc0afe047a4e31c959bd3a4e487f0fd.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101INFLUENCE OF FORTIFICATION OF MULBERRY LEAVES WITH NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC MULTIVITAMINS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF Bombyx mori L.1111238726510.21608/jppp.2013.87265ENM. M. A.KhedrPlant Protection Research Institution, ARC, Egypt.Samah N.El-ShafieyPlant Protection Research Institution, ARC, Egypt.Hala M. I.MeadPlant Protection Research Institution, ARC, Egypt.Journal Article20200506Fourth instar of silkworm larvae, <strong><em>Bombyx mori</em></strong> L. were fed on mulberry leaves fortified with two different multivitamin sources, natural (bee honey) and synthetic (Pharovit iron). The impact of the larval, cocoon, shell and pupal weight, filament length and weight and the number of breaks during reeling (filament size) were examined. Different results on biological parameters were obtained based on used concentrations or treatments. All the tested concentrations of two multivitamins increased filament size than control except the least concentration of Pharovit iron. Results also established highly significant elevation in the total soluble protein and increased number of protein bands, while decreased significantly the activity of transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT) either in honey or Pharovit treatments comparing to control. Thus, fortification of mulberry leaves with honey enhance protein metabolism, consequently, improving the commercial qualities of filament size, that's very important in sericulture<strong>. </strong>https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87265_937ef4b825414ca02c0320cd16ef3745.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101EVALUATION OF VARIETAL RESISTANCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF FALSE AND KERNEL SMUT DISEASES OF RICE IN EGYPT1251428726610.21608/jppp.2013.87266ENR A. S.EL-ShafeyPlant pathologist, Rice Res. and Training Center, Field crop Res. Inst., Agric. Res. CenterJournal Article20200506Rice false and kernel smuts are worldwide diseases present almost in rice ecosystems. Smut diseases are new production constrains. In Egypt, these smuts were considered a minor disease. False smut infects some grains of the panicle causing a yield loss. In addition, it produces ustiloxin which is a poisonous toxin to humans and other animals. Kernel smut also reduces the yield and quality of grains. The present study aimed to determine the resistance of number of rice genotypes against both false and kernel smut. Also study the physiological characters of the isolated fungi. Twenty three Egyptian rice genotypes were used in this investigation under field conditions in Sakha experimental farm during the 2009 and 2010 rice growing seasons. In case of false smut, all tested varieties were susceptible with different level of susceptibility as Giza 171, Giza 172, Giza 177 and Giza 178 were highly susceptible although Giza 171 and Giza 172 as late mature and Giza 177 is an early maturing variety. Data presented here show a wide range of variability in the response of different rice types against false smut infection. The resistance level of Japonica type against the disease was ranged from 20.37 to 92.90 %. While, the resistance level of Indica rice was ranged from 68.15 to 83.21 %. Also hybrid rice showed similar Indica rices behavior whereas their resistance level ranged from 66.82 to 81.88 %. In case of Indica- Japonica rice resistance were ranged from 54.01 to 88.06 %. The resistance of GZ lines ranged from 67.68 to 92.04 %. The widely cultivated varieties, Sakha 101 and Sakha 104 showed to be more resistant than other cultivars and exhibit significant a degrees of field resistance to false smut (92.90 %) compared with highly susceptible cultivar Giza 171. Regarding to kernel smut, Giza 171, Giza 172, Giza 159, Giza 177 and Giza 178 were the most susceptible tested cultivars. While Sakha 101, Sakha 104, GZ6522, GZ7955, Giza 182 and the Egyptian Yasmine were moderately resistance cultivars presenting over 90 % disease recovery. The physiological studied showed that false smut was grown abundantly on rice bran agar medium with fairly sporulation, while potato sucrose agar showed to be the most suitable medium for growing kernel smut fungus. The isolates of both fungi exhibited different level of variability. False smut isolates were differed in their colors with a range from olive to white or orange, while kernel smut isolates differed in pigments production with a range from violet or purple up to reddish color. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87266_03f50261bb60f3ac72247c15407cffab.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101VARIATION AMONG ISOLATES OF Botrytis spp. AND INTERACTION BETWEEN B. fabae ISOLATES AND SOME FABA BEAN VARIETIES1431508727110.21608/jppp.2013.87271ENM. E.Abd – RabhPlant Pathology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura, EgyptE. A.FayzallahPlant Pathology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura, EgyptN. M.Abou - ZeidPlant Pathology Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptT. M.AzizaPlant Pathology Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200506Isolates of <em>Botrytis</em> spp. collected from faba bean growing governorates of Northern and Middle Egypt were compared for their morphological and physiological characters.
Botrytis spp. isolates showed differences in growth rate and spore production as well as number and size of sclerotia while, growth of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> isolates was faster than those of <em>Botrytis fabae</em> onto all tested media and most of the fabae type isolates produced number of spores less than that produced the cinerea type. Also, <em>B. fabae</em> isolates were the highest number of small sclerotia.
Eight faba bean varieties varied in their reaction to chocolate leaf sport disease caused by <em>B. fabae</em> Sard. Giza 402 is highly susceptible cv. (74.2%) while, Giza-Blanka was 402 the highly resistant (40.0%) whereas, Giza-3 was moderately resistant.
Also, isolate obtained from Nubaria was more virulent than those obtained from other governorates.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87271_a04baabab0eb22527f3977f3d6ca7c6f.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774120130101CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF SYSTEMIC AQUARID RESISTANCE AND EFFECT OF THEIR APPLICATION TIME ON RICE BLAST “MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA” INFECTION TO CULTIVARS SAKHA101 AND SAKHA104.1511758727410.21608/jppp.2013.87274ENRabab M. A.ElamawiPlant Pathol. Res., Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.R. A. S.El -ShafeyRice Research and Training Center., Field Crops Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh 33717, Egypt.A. A.EmeranAgric. Botany, Fac. of Agric., Kafr El-Sheikh UniversityG. A.FarahatPlant Pathol. Res., Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.Journal Article20200506Blast is the most destructive rice diseases in Egypt and could cause significant yield losses. The variable nature and race shifting of the pathogen often leads to resistance breakdown of high yielding varieties such as Sakha 101 and Sakha 104. Chemical control is not always effective and often has an undesirable impact on the environment and human health. Some antioxidants and organic compounds; Bion (BTH, benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester), at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mM; Salicylic acid 8 mM (SA), Benzoic acid 8 mM, Nicotinic acid 8mM, H2O2 30%, and Compost tea 100% were directly applied as foliar spray of 21-days old seedlings prior to challenge inoculation with <em>Magnaporthe grisea</em> to promote blast resistance in rice leaves. Under greenhouse condition, artificial inoculation was applied after four fixed periods (5, 10, 15 and 20 days after treatment (DAT)) from the application date of all antioxidants. All antioxidants and compost tea reduced the infection percentage compared with untreated check especially with the inoculation 5 DAT. Concerning infection % of rice blast, there are a remarkable significant differences among all antioxidants compared with control. All antioxidants were significantly reduced the infection percentage. Salicylic acid was the most effective antioxidant at concentration of 8 mM, it recorded 4.9, 9.7, 28 and 15.5 % with 5, 10, 15 and 20 DAT, respectively. Also, Bion (BTH) at both concentrations 0.3 and 1.0 mM exhibited a significant reduction in infection %. The rest of antioxidants exhibited significant increase in infection % especially under late induced periods from 10-20 DAT.The optimal period of induced resistance, was artificial inoculation 5 DAT which recorded the lowest infection percentage compared with the inoculation after 10 to 20 days. With both Salicylic acid and Bion, artificial inoculation 5 DAT to 15 days led to a significant reduction in disease infection percentage and severity. While the resistance was remarkably sharply decreased after 15 days from induced resistance treatment with all antioxidants. Optimal induced period of Benzoic acid, Nicotinic acid, H2O2, Compost tea and Cinnamic acid was continued from 5 to 10 days only. Treatment with salicylic acid at 8 mM recorded the lowest area under disease progress curve ( AUDPC), 409.48 compared by the control 1304.24, followed by Bion at 0.3 and 1.0. However, BTH and Salicylic acid had neither suppression nor fungicidal effect on linear growth, spore germination, sporulation and appressorium formation of <em>Magnaporthe grisea</em> in vitro. Concerning Peroxidase (PO) activity with both SA 4mM and BTH increased continuously in 0-25 min. intervals and markedly significant increase, although PO activities reach to be maximum at 25 min. in which was higher than that control and other treatments. SA had the highest activities in period intervals followed by BTH. Compost Tea and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> showed no significant increase in PO activity with all time intervals while the other treatments showed PO activities only in 10-20 min. compared to control. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity has gradually decreased during intervals 0 to3 min. Spraying by SA 4mM recorded the highest enzyme activity in all intervals and markedly significant increase in activity. For growth characters, all applications of antioxidants treatments led to a significant increase in leaf area, plant height, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight of rice leaves compared to control. In general, Sakha 101 rice cultivar exhibited the highest response to applications of all antioxidant compared with other cultivar Sakha 104 that have a weak response of growth characters to antioxidants application.
<strong style="font-size: 10px;">Abbreviations: </strong><span style="font-size: 10px;">BTH, benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester; JA, jasmonic acid; SA, salicylic acid; SAR, systemic acquired resistance.</span>