Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774320130301FIRST DOCUMENTATION OF TUTA ABSOLUTA MEYRICK LARVAL INFESTATION TO EGGPLANT FRUITS AT MATROUH GOVERNORATE, ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT2412448729210.21608/jppp.2013.87292ENS. A.SolimanPesticide Chemistry Dept.,Fac. of Agric., Alexandria Univ., EgyptA. I.ImamPlant Protection Dept., Desert Res. Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200506Through tracking the entrance of tomato leafmining moth, <em>Tuta</em> <em>absoluta</em> Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), into the Egyptian borders coming from Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, the invasion of its caterpillar to the eggplant fruits was internationally documented for the first time under the eggplant greenhouse conditions in Siwa Oasis, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt. The possible reasons that may lead this event to occur in Siwa Oasis rather than in other experimental sites were discussed. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87292_00d934c8fea3124f3b912874caa8bd47.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774320130301EFFICIENCY OF WOODEN BLOCKS AND COTTON WICKS AS DISPENSERS OF METHYL EUGENOL FOR ATTRACTING AND KILL THE PEACH FRUIT FLY MALES2452528729510.21608/jppp.2013.87295ENA. A.AminPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200506The peach fruit fly, <em>Bactrocera zonata </em> (Saunders) is one of the most harmful tephritid insects that infest many commercial fruits causing a significant economic damage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the field performance of wooden blocks of fiber plant comparing cotton wicks as an alternative dispenser of methyl eugenol either in internally plastic bottles or directly exposed to weather factors as in sticky-double sheet boards. Two experimental trails were carried out extending for 8 weeks in two locations of Fayoum orchards.
During the 8 weeks of experimentation, the grand weekly means of attracted males of <em>B. zonata</em> for the blocks, plastic bottle traps and the sticky-double sheets were 189.96, 43.81 and 62.77 males / week, respectively with a weekly relative attractancy means of 60.49, 21.24 and 18.27%, respectively of the total captured males. On the 2<sup>nd</sup> trail the residues and lost amounts of methyl eugenol and Sumithion mixture for the fiber blocks and cotton wicks were assessed. After 4 weeks of field exposure, the residues mean % of mixture of fiber blocks, cotton wicks that were internally in the plastic traps and the cotton wick that directly exposed fixing in the sticky-double sheets were 77.19, 71.87 and 53.29%, respectively, while after eight weeks of exposure, the residues percentages were 49.80, 6.72, 2.36%, respectively.
The results ensured the continuously applications of plant fiber blocks as an element of peach fruit fly integrated control according to its high performance for males attracting, long time durational of lure residence and the easily application of field procedures.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87295_e93b4e8fbaf37474b3d1d55841ebdfe5.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774320130301PROPOLIS GATHERING ACTIVITY ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN KAFR EL-SHEIKH GOVERNORATE, EGYPT.2532608729710.21608/jppp.2013.87297ENH. M.FathyEcon. Entomol. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.S. S.AwadallaEcon. Entomol. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.H. M.MansourApiculture Dept., Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.Zienab A.HassaninApiculture Dept., Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.Journal Article20200506This study was carried out in three districts of Kafr El-Sheikh governorate; Sidi Salem, Kafr El-Sheikh and Qualien. At each lactation 4 honeybee colonies of first hybrid carniolan honeybee were assigned for the study. The propolis was manually collected. Averages of each month were recorded from June 2011 up to May 2012. The obtained results revealed that colonies at Qualien district produced the largest annual average of propolis (8.3 g/colony) followed by that of Sidi Salem (7.2 g/colony) and Kafr El-Sheikh which produced the least average (7.1 g/colony). In addition, Qualien district, which was the highest in collecting propolis was characterized by high number of camphor (<em>Eucalyptus </em>spp.) tree which is good source for propolishttps://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87297_a4e2c5518d736a0ae76971569e6c9440.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774320130301EFFECT OF TRICHOGRAMMA EVANESCENS WEST. RELEASE IN RICE STEM BORER CONTROL2612648729810.21608/jppp.2013.87298ENM. BShawerEconomic Entomology Dept ., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptF. MEL-AgamyEconomic Entomology Dept ., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptA. S.HendawyBiological control Res. Dept. , Plant Prot. Res. Inst., ARC, EgyptE. A.RefaeiBiological control Res. Dept. , Plant Prot. Res. Inst., ARC, EgyptJournal Article20200506Rice stem borer, <em>Chilo agamemnon</em> Bles. is the key insect pest of rice in Egypt . Symptoms of dead hearts and white heads are troublesome to the rice growers , whil refect reduction in rice yield. Thus, the growers, tend to use insecticides to control this pest. However, biological control, using <em>Trichogramma evanescens</em> West. Release, was practised in rice fields at Rasheed District, Beheira Governorate in 2009 and 2010 rice seasons in fields sown with the cultivar Giza 178., the susceptible cultivar to the borer. The parasitoid was released twice, each at a rate of 30,000 parasitoids/ Feddan. Dead hearts, due to the parasitoids release, were reduced by 49.30-63.36% while white heads were reduced by 63.15-65.18% . The parasitoid release proved to be effective in controlling the rice stem borer, with no need to use insecticides.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87298_6a3c624cba77cd05df92cc3d050bdcd7.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774320130301CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS FOR Icerya seychellarum (Westwood) ON COFFEE PLANTS Coffea arabica IN EGYPT2652778730110.21608/jppp.2013.87301ENDalia Z.Nabil- Dept. Scale Insects & Mealybugs, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, EgyptA. H.AminDept. Plant Protection, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptY. E.AbdallahDept. Plant Protection, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptNagwa A.HassanDept. Scale Insects & Mealybugs, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200506 <br /> Certain ecological aspects of the Seychellarum mealybug, <em>Icerya seychellarum</em> (Westwood) which is considered as a key pest on coffee trees, a promising newly crop cultivated in Egypt, have been investigated under two different ecosystems throughout two years, 2009 & 2011.<br /> Results revealed that this mealybug species was found all the year round in both localities. The total population recorded four peaks of seasonal abundance in both investigated ecosystems on coffee trees and it passed through three overlapping generations in both ecosystems.<br /> The main weather factors, four weeks earlier, showed miscellaneous effects on the population dynamics of this mealybug species. Means of minimum and maximum temperature had a positive significant effect; while mean percentage of relative humidity showed insignificant effect in the two localities. The combined effects of the four weather factors, as a group, had significant effects on <em>I.</em><em> seychellarum</em> population throughout both years. In Qalyubyia Governorate (2009), the percentage of explained variance was 56.8%; while in Giza Governorate (2011), this value was 65.9%<em>.</em>https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87301_d331cf89221d3b7ab740176113572519.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774320130301THE VIRULENCE OF TWO BIOINSECTICIDES (PROTECTO AND VIRUSET) AND THEIR EFFICACY ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)2792868730310.21608/jppp.2013.87303ENA. H.Abdel-SalamEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mans. Univ., MansouraA. MMabroukPlant Protection Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, GizaN. MFayezPlant Protection Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, GizaJournal Article20200506Two commercial bioinsecticides; Protecto (<em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> var. <em>kurstaki</em>) and Viruset (<em>Spodoptera littoralis/</em>NPV<em>)</em> were bioassayed against the cotton leaf worm (CLW), <em>Spodoptera littoralis </em>(Boisd.) (2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae). The obtained results reveal that Protecto was the most potent bioinsecticide compared with Viruset. Treatment of 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae with LC<sub>50</sub>'s of Protecto and Viruset affected estimated biological aspects. The larval, pupal, and adult longevity durations were prolonged due to treatment. It was also observed that egg number and hatchability were affected by treatment.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87303_53646e852da65edf4e88f816f65d7462.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774320130301EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HOST PLANTS ON THE ATTRACTIVENESS THE MEALYBUG SPECIES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED PREDATORS AT MANSOURA DISTRICT2872928730510.21608/jppp.2013.87305ENA. H.Abdel-SalamEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric.. Mans. Univ., Egypt.A. A.A. A. GhanimEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric.. Mans. Univ., Egypt.H. A.ElkadyEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric. Damietta Univ., Egypt.M. E.El-NagarAgric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Hagar S. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric. Damietta Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20200506The present study was carried out in the experimental farm belonging to the Faculty of Agriculture, MansouraUniversity to evaluate the attractiveness the mealybug species and their predators on the different host plants.
The obtained results revealed that <em>Icerya purchasi</em> Mask. attractive to mandarin trees as a host plant during the two years of study. Also, <em>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</em> (Green) attractive to hibiscus plants as a host plant during the two years. On the other hand, <em>Planococcus citri</em> (Risso) attractive to two host plants and guava trees was more favorable host plants followed by mandarin trees during the two successive years with significantly differences. Meanwhile, <em>Icerya aegyptiaca</em> Douglasattractive to three host plants and more favorable was the ficus trees. <em>Icerya seychellarum</em> Westwoodrecorded the highest attractiveness on guava trees followed by persimmon, ficus and mandarin during the first year and on persimmon trees followed by guava, ficus and in the last category mandarin trees during the second year of the study.
Regarding to the predatory insects, resultrs revealed that <em>Rodolia cardinalis</em> Mulsant recorded the highest attractiveness to ficus and guava trees, <em>Nephus includens</em> Kirsch found the highest attractive to guava and hibiscus plants and the lowest attractive to mandarin trees and <em>Chrysoperlacarnea</em> (Steph). showed the highest attractive to guava trees. While <em>Scymnuscoccivora</em> (Aiyar) recorded only on hibiscus plants associated with the pink hibiscus mealybug <em>M. hirsutus</em> during the two successive years of study. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87305_b691e47f710eaad2de6cedc03bf8fb32.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774320130301EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MEALYBUG SPECIES AS PREYS ON SOME BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND PREDACEOUS EFFICIENCY OF THE COCCINELLID PREDATOR Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS2933018730710.21608/jppp.2013.87307ENA. A.Ghanim,Economic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric.. Mans. Univ., Egypt.A. H.Abdel-SalamEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric.. Mans. Univ., Egypt.H. A.ElkadyEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric. Damietta Univ., Egypt.M. E.El-NagarAgric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Hagar S. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric. Damietta Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20200506Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the influence of different mealybug species as preys on the biological aspects of <em>Rodolia cardinalis </em>(Mulsant) in the insectary of the Economic Entomology, Faculty of agriculture, MansouraUniversity.
The larval stage of the predator <em>R. cardinalis</em> when reared at 24±1˚c and fed on the third nymphal instars of <em>Icerya purchase </em>Mask.<em>, Icerya aegyptiaca</em> Douglasand <em>Icerya seychellarum</em> (Westwood)lasted an average of 14.5±0.60, 11.8±0.34 and 16.6±0.55 days, respectively.
The average of the total consumption for larval instars at 24±1˚c and fed on <em>I. purchasi, I. aegyptiaca </em>and <em>I.</em><em> seychellarum </em>as preys reached 68.90±4.01, 60.50±2.18 and 42.65±1.77 individuals. Meanwhile, results indicated that, the highest total consumption for the predator larvae during its larval stages when fed on <em>I. purchasi </em>followed by <em>I. aegyptiaca </em>and <em>I.</em><em> seychellarum </em>with significant differences.
The calculated biomass from (carbohydrates, lipids and protein) consumed by a larva when fed on<em> I. purchasi, I. aegyptiaca </em>and <em>I. seychellarum</em> reached an average of (88.88, 85.44 and 49.61 mg), (80.47, 77.44 and 45.98 mg) and (49.90, 49.05 and 28.15 mg), respectively.
The adult longevity for female and male when reared at 24±1˚c and reared on the third nymphal instar of <em>I. purchasi, I. aegyptiaca </em>and <em>I. seychellarum </em>lasted an average of (40.5±2.25 and 26.8±1.72 days), (46.4±2.12 and 29.0±2.09 days) and (32.5±2.60 and 20.8±1.8 days), respectively.
The average of the total consumption for adult female reached 263.2±11.25, 328.2±10.90 and 208.7±6.88 individuals/ female when fed on <em>I. purchasi, I. aegyptiaca </em>and <em>I. seychellarum, </em>respectively, with highly significant differences.
The calculated biomass from (carbohydrates, lipids and protein) consumed by one predator female during its longevity reached (339.53, 326.37 and 189.5 mg), (436.51, 420.10 and 249.43 mg) and (244.18, 240.01 and 137.74 mg) when fed on <em>I. purchasi, I. aegyptiaca </em>and <em>I. seychellarum, </em>respectively, where for the adult male reached (167.57, 161.08 and 93.53 mg), (193.91, 186.62 and 110.81 mg) and (116.65, 114.66 and 65.80 mg), respectively.
The highest total consumption for adult female recorded during the ovipostion period especially, when reared on <em>I. aegyptiaca </em>(289.0±10.53 individuals/ female) and resulting, the number of deposited eggs/ female was the highest (354.30±19.90 eggs/ female), it could be concluded that the best mealybug species for rearing <em>R. cardinalis </em>was <em>I. aegyptiaca </em>because the female layed 354.30 eggs/female. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87307_f598f6757e7983d21a7a2d945612bfbb.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774320130301ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SOME MEALYBUG SPECIES ATTACKING MANDARIN TREES AND THEIR PREDATORY INSECTS AT MANSOURA DISTRICT3033158730910.21608/jppp.2013.87309ENA. A.GhanimEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric.. Mans. Univ., Egypt.A. H.Abdel-SalamEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric.. Mans. Univ., Egypt.H. A.ElkadyEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric. Damietta Univ., Egypt.M. E.El-NagarAgric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Hagar S. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric. Damietta Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20200506The present investigation was carried out to study the population density of the common mealybug species attacking mandarin trees and their predatory insects, also to evaluate the effect of certain weather factors on these insects. The obtained resultus revealed that there were four mealybug species infesting mandarin trees namely <em>Planococcus citri </em>Risso,<em> Icerya seychellarum </em>(Westwood)<em>, Icerya aegyptiaca</em> Douglas and <em>Icerya purchase </em>Mask.
The highest peak for <em>P. citri </em>in 15<sup>th</sup> of October 2010 and 15<sup>th</sup> of September 2012, for <em>I. seychellarum, I. aegyptiaca</em> and <em>I.</em><em> purchase </em>recorded in the 15<sup>th</sup> of September 2011 and 2012during the two successive years of study, respectively.
The maximum activity of <em>Rodolia cardinalis </em>(Mulsant) recorded in the beginning of October 2010 (31 indiv.) and in 15<sup>th</sup> of June 2012 (55 indiv.), <em>Chrysoperla carnea </em>(Steph.) recorded in 15<sup>th</sup> of June 2011 (21 indiv.) and in 15<sup>th</sup> of September 2012 (25 indiv.) and <em>Nephus includens </em>Kirsch in 15<sup>th</sup> of September 2011 (14 indiv.) and in 15<sup>th</sup> of June and 15<sup>th</sup> of September 2012 (16 indiv.) during the two successive years, respectively.
The highest average number for <em>I. purchasi, I. aegyptiaca, I. seychellarum </em>and<em> P. citri </em>were recorded in summer<strong> during the two years. </strong>Statistical analysis showed a highly significant differences for each insect pest between the four seasons during the two successive years of study.
The highest average number of <em>R. cardinalis </em>recorded in summer during the two years. Also, <em>N. includens </em>recorded in summer during the two seasons. Meanwhile, <em>C. carnea </em>recorded in spring during 2010/11 and in summer during 2011/12. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant differences for each insect predator between the four seasons during the two successive years.
The predator-prey ratios ranged between 40.0 in the third week of January 2011 and 9.1 in the first week of August 2011. The ratios was narrowed during the period from May to August 2011 during the second year. This ratio ranged between 29.3 in 15<sup>th</sup> of January and 8.4 in 15<sup>th</sup> of May 2012. The ratio was narrowed during the period from April to August 2012 during the second year.
Results of statistical analysis of simple correlation coefficient indicated that, the relationship between the mealybug species and their associated predator on mandarin trees showed a highly positive significant effect for <em>R. cardinalis,</em> <em>N. includens </em>and <em>C. carnea </em>during the two years of study.
The maximum and minimum as well as average temperature showed a highly positive significant effects on the population density of <em>I. purchasi,</em> <em>I. aegyptiaca</em>, <em>I.</em><em> seychellarum</em>,<em> P. citri,</em> <em>R. cardinalis</em>, <em>N. includens</em> and <em>C. carnea</em>. On the other hand, the maximum, minimum and average relative humidity showed a highly negative significant effects or negatively significant effects of the population density for the previously insects during the first year. Meanwhile, <em>I. purchasi</em> and <em>I.</em><em> seychellarum </em>showed insignificantly effects with minimum relative humidity during the second year. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87309_40935d39929303d2596b4cb269d4031c.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36774320130301INFLUENCE OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE DEGREES ON THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND PREDACEOUS EFFICIENCY OF THE PREDATOR Rodolia cardinalis (MULSANT)3173248731010.21608/jppp.2013.87310ENA. H.Abdel-SalamEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric.. Mans. Univ., Egypt.A. A.GhanimEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric.. Mans. Univ., Egypt.H. A.ElkadyEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric. Damietta Univ., Egypt.M. E.El-NagarAgric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Hagar S. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Dept. Fac. of Agric. Damietta Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20200506Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the influence of different constant temperature in the insectary of the economic entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, MansouraUniversity.
The larval stage of the predator <em>Rodolia cardinalis</em> (Mulsant)when reared on the third nymphal instar of <em>Icerya aegyptiaca</em>Douglasunder three constant temperature 20±1, 24±1 and 28±1˚c lasted an average of 20.7±0.34, 11.8±0.34 and 7.3±0.49 days, respectively.
The average of the total consumption for larval stage when reared on <em>I.</em><em> aegyptiaca </em>at 20, 24 and 28˚c reached 28.80±2.18; 60.50±2.48 and 53.45±3.27 individuals/ larva. Meanwhile, results showed that, the highest total consumption for larva during its four larval instars when reared at 24˚c followed by 28˚c with highly significant differences.
The calculated biomass from (Carbohydrates, Lipids and protein) consumed by one predator larva during its larval stage at 20, 24 and 28˚c reached an average of (38.30, 36.86 and 21.89 mg.), (80.47, 77.44 and 45.98 mg.) and (71.09, 68.42 and 40.62 mg.), respectively.
Longevity for female and male when fed on the third nymphal instar of <em>I. aegyptiaca </em>as preys under different constant temperature of 20, 24 and 28˚c lasted an average of (50.4±2.16 and 33.4±2.20), (46.4±2.12 and 29.0±2.09) and (22.4±1.29 and 15.1±0.82 days), respectively.
The average of the total consumption for adult female fed on <em>I. aegyptiaca </em>reached 140.6±5.72, 328.2±10.90 and 218.3±9.14 individuals/ female when reared under 20, 24 and 28˚c, respectively, with highly significant differences. Also, for adult male reached 50.3±4.95, 145.8±6.84 and 107.8±7.14 individuals/ male, respectively, with highly significant differences.
The highest total consumption for adult female was recorded during the oviposition period especially, under 24˚c (289.0±10.53 individuals/ female) and resulting, the number of deposited eggs/ female was the highest (354.30±19.90 egg/ female), it could be concluded that the temperature degree of 24˚c was the best for mass rearing of <em>R. cardinalis</em> because the female layed the highest eggs on this degree https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_87310_68bfbffdc6407d101ed78c4fe41e5ccd.pdf