Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-3677121120211101Insecticides Resistance Spectrum in Two Field Populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and λ- Cyhalothrin Residues in Tomato Fruits75776321460310.21608/jppp.2021.214603ENM. G. MahmoudPlant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., EgyptM. A. HendawyPlant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., EgyptGamila Sh.SelemPlant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., EgyptRehab E. M. E.SalemPlant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., EgyptJournal Article20211117<em>Tuta</em> <em>absoluta</em> resistance to insecticides has become a dangerous problem in many tomato production areas in Egypt. We investigated the level of resistance to some insecticides currently used (λ- cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and imidaclopride)and recommended (chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, spinosad and indoxacarb) against <em>T. absoluta</em> which collected from two different localities, El- Salhia (Sami Saad Region, SSR) and (Abo Kabeer Region, AKR) at Sharkia governorate. Some biological aspects accompanied the tested insecticides resistance in field populations (SSR) in comparison with the laboratory reference strain (LRS) were studied. Also, the residues of λ- cyhalothrin in tomato fruits were determined. The results showed significant differences in the tolerance and/ or resistance levels to the tested insecticides among the two field populations of <em>T</em>. <em>absoluta</em>. The data showed that the resistance to certain insecticides namely chlorpyrifos, spinosad and lambda- cyhalothrin led to deleterious effects on some biological aspects (number of laid eggs/ female and total larval periods) in insecticides resistant field population (SSR) compared with LRS. Residues and dissipation of λ-cyhalothrin in tomato fruits were quantified at different harvest intervals of (2h), 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 days after insecticide application. Persistence, dissipation, half-life value and safe harvest interval of the insecticide in tomato were calculated. Results revealed that loss percentages of initial deposits in tomato fruits was 0.180 mg/ kg. and the half-life (t½) values were 1.004 day in tomato fruits. Data indicated that tomato fruits could be consumed safely after 3 days of treatment with λ-cyhalothrin.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_214603_fd62728f07d74eb3e950d1d8385eff07.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-3677121120211101Aphid Species (Homoptera : Aphididae) Infesting Navel Orange Tress and Their Aphidophagous Insect at El-Khattara District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt76577420630310.21608/jppp.2021.206303ENShehta AliLashenPlant Protection Research Institute , Dokki, EgyptWalaa M. M.HelalyPlant Prot. Dept., Fac. of Agric. , Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, EgyptSherin M. M. Y.HelalyPlant Prot. Dept., Fac. of Agric. , Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20211124Studies on aphids infesting navel orange trees and their aphidophagous insect were conducted in newly reclaimed sandy area at El-Khattara district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2020 and 2021 seasons. The obtained results are summarized as follows: Four aphid species were recorded infested navel orange trees. 23 predaceous insect species belonging to four orders and eight families were recorded. Coleopterous species were the most dominant, followed by the dipterous and neuropterous with general relative densities of 45.04, 26.44 and 24.46 % of the total recorded predators, successively. Four species of lacewing belonging to two families were recoded <em>i.e.</em> <em>C. carnea , Chrysemosa jeanneli </em> (Navás) (Chrysopidae), <em>Wesmaelius navasi </em>(Andréu) and <em>Sympherobius fallax</em> (Navás) (Hemerobiidae).The second and third species were first record in Egypt and afrotropical region according to the distribution map number (136 and 106) , provided by the British Museum , respectively. Among all recorded predaceous species, <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> (Stephens), <em>Coccinella</em> <em>undecimpunctat</em> L., <em>Sphaerophoria flavicauda</em> Zett. and <em>Coccinella septempunctata</em> L., were the predominant species, comprised 18.55, 17.90, 11.21 and 9.23 % of the total recorded predators, successively. Eight parasitoids species were recorded <em>viz</em>., <em>Diaeretiella rapae </em>(M'Intosh),<em> Aphidius colemani </em>Viereck<em>, Aphidius matricariae </em>Haliday<em> , Aphidius </em>sp < em>., Lysiphlebus fabarum (Mars.),<em> Trioxys </em>sp < em>. , Ephedrus sp.and<em> Praon </em>sp.(Aphidiidae). The most dominant parasitoids were <em>D</em>. <em>rapae</em> , <em>A. colemani</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>matricariae</em> and <em>Aphidius</em> sp., with general relative densities of 59.69 ,17.52 , 8.12 and 7.48 % , respectively. There were positive highly significant correlations between weekly numbers of the aphids and emerged parasitoids in both seasons<strong>.</strong>https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_206303_2ca10736a9ead9f890bcbc2783a25629.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-3677121120211101Kairomone and Synomone Mediating Cowpea Aphid, Aphis Craccivora Location by some Natural Enemies77578120630610.21608/jppp.2021.206306ENA. Abd El-KareimEconom. Entomol. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., EgyptMarwa M.RamadanEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.Gehid A. A.NadaEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.Journal Article20211124The behavior response of the parasitoid females (<em>Diaeretiella rapae </em>and <em>Aphidius</em> sp) and the aphidophagous predators (<em>Hippodamia variegata,</em> <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata </em>and <em>Cheilomenes vicina isis </em>(Crotch, 1874) in response to kairomone extracts of <em>Aphis craccivora</em> bodies in the three different solvents (ethyl alcohol, petroleum ether and acetone). The tested parasitoids and predators showed different in their response to kairomone extracts of the aphid, depending on the solvent used and the tested species. Both parasitoids and the predator, <em>H. variegata</em> exhibited positive response to kairomone extracts by using ethyl alcohol and petroleum ether in comparison with acetone. Acetone approved to be the best solvents to <em>C.undecimpunctata</em>, while ethyl alcohol extract elicited positive response to <em>Che. vicina isis</em>. Suggested that sensitivity of olfactory chemoreceptors differ according to solvent used and predator species. Volatile components in ethyl alcohol extract of <em>A.craccivora</em> were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main volatile components of <em>A.craccivora</em> extract are undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, nonadecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heneicosane, heptadecane, docosane and tricosane. Broad bean plants, attacked by <em>A.craccivora</em> release volatile chemical signals not only at the damaged site but from the entire plants, that attract the coccinellid predators (<em>H. variegate,</em><em>C. undecimpunctata </em>and <em>Che. vicina isis</em>). Volatiles stimulated egg laying behavior by <em>H. variegate</em><em>.</em> The release of chemical volatiles was detected from upper, undamaged leaves after 3 days of continuous nympha1 feeding on lower leaves of the same plant. The released volatiles are: D-Limonene, 1,3,6-Octatriene,3,7-Dimethyl and 2-(1H-indol-3-yl) acetaldehyde. So, these allelochemicals could be used to manipulate natural enemies to enhance ovipositional behavior on infested plants with aphid in the field.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_206306_72a817513f863080a311e86855497b86.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-3677121120211101Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Fungi against Alternaria triticina and their Potentials on Growth Promoting of Wheat78378821006010.21608/jppp.2021.102728.1049ENA. S.AhmedPlant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypthttps://orcid.org/00Journal Article20211221The research is concerned with obtaining new endophytic fungi isolates, testing their ability to inhibit the growth of <em>Alternaria triticina</em> the causal agent of leaf blight disease of wheat, and also their potential effects as growth promoting factors for wheat plants. In this study, some endophytic fungi isolates were isolated from different wild plant species in Saint Catherine protectorate and evaluated under laboratory conditions using in vitro dual culture technique against <em>Alternaria triticina</em>, Overall 72 endophytic fungal isolates have been isolated from inner tissues of wild plants and evaluated for their ability to control the growth of fungal pathogen, 17 isolates of them appeared effective to inhibit Alternaria triticina using dual culture technique. Most effective isolates were evaluated and screened in vitro for confirm potency where 10 isolates belonging different fungal species were high effective and confirmed namely <em>Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium cladosporides, Curvularia tunata, Mucor plumbeus, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium sclerotiorum, Penicillium sinaicum,</em> <em>Phoma glomerata</em> and <em>Ulocladium atrum</em> from in vitro results 6 best isolates were selected for greenhouse experiments where showed that among of them 4 enophytic fungal isolates belongs <em>C. globosum</em>, <em>Mucor plumbeus</em>, <em>Penicillium sinaicum</em> and <em>Ulocladium atrum</em> suppressed <em>Alternaria triticina</em>. The endophytic fungi also enhanced the plant growth parameters of wheat plants like plant height, fresh and dry weight as compared to control.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_210060_7bcdba2dc5e27cb2d13045a4e4cf1e4f.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-3677121120211101Impact of Sowing Dates and Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) as a New Identified Parasitoid of the Sugar Beet Fly, Pegomyia Mixta78979220630810.21608/jppp.2021.206308ENK. G. BazazoPlant Protection Research Department, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.H. M. HassanDepartment of Economic Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.Journal Article20211124Sugar beet, <em>Beta</em> <em>Vulgaris</em> L. is a strategic crop of sugar industry in Egypt. Sugar-beet fly, <em>Pegomyia mixta </em>Vill. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), is considered to be the most serious insect pest attacking sugar-beet all over the world. The intensive use of chemical insecticides led to suppress the role of parasitoids in sugar beet fields. Thus, this work was undertaken at the experimental farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station – kafr Elsheikh Governorate during two successive seasons 2019/ 2020 and 2020/ 2021, to examine the influence of agricultural and biological control methos in reducing populations of <em>P. mixta.</em> Results proved that the third plantation date had the highest populations of <em>P. mixta</em> larvae compared with the first and second plantation dates during the two seasons of the study. As far as we know, the larval-pupal parasitoid, <em>Nasonia</em> <em>vitripennis</em> (Walker) is identified for the first time from <em>P</em>. <em>mixta</em> larvae in Egyptian sugar beet fields. Percentages of larval parasitism of <em>P</em>. <em>mixta</em> that caused by <em>N</em>. <em>vitripennis</em> were 38.23, 36.76 and 35.77% in the first, second, and third plantation dates, respectively in 2019/2020 season. While, they were were 48.27, 56.94 and 32.74%, respectively in 2020/2021 season. In Integrated Pest Management programs, <em>N.vitripennis</em> and sowing dates might be taken in consideration for reducing populations of<em> P. mixta</em>.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_206308_27cd46901ff8983aebb62e493702e8c9.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-3677121120211101Efficacy of some Color Agents as Stored Product Protectants.79380120730210.21608/jppp.2021.207302ENR. B. Abo ArabPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Nariman M.El-TawelhPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.G. M. NasrPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Amal M.HamzaPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20211101Cereals especially wheat grains are an important food source for the majority of the world population. Safe grain storage methods are thus of fundamental importance to ensure food supply from harvest to the next years. Consequently, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of non-customary application, seven color agents namely, brown chocolate, agricultural green, ponceau 4R., sunset yellow (FCF), tartrazine, titanium dioxide, and brilliant blue FCF on <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>, <em>Sitophilus oryzae</em> and <em>Trogoderma granarium </em>through measuring some of parameters: % mortality, effect on F<sub>1</sub> progeny, % weight loss and % germination compared to pirimiphos-methyl (as control). Results obtained indicated that percent of mortality for <em>S. oryzae</em> was between (13-58%) after 7 days which increased to (26.7-71.7%) after 12 days with the all tested coloring agents. Brilliant blue dye had the highest influence with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 4.71 and 2.25% w/w after 7, 12 days, respectively. While, tartazine dye achieved the lowest action with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 9.07 and 5.93% w/w at the same periods. For <em>T. castaneum</em> titanium dioxide had the highest impact with LC<sub>50</sub> of 7.9 and 4.4% w/w, <em>T. granarium</em> had the highest response to brilliant blue (FCF) with LC<sub>50</sub> of 5.24 and 1.1% w/w, after 7 and 12 days, respectively. The tested coloring agents reduced the population and reduced the percent weight loss compared to control. Eventually, the current study suggest using the tested colors as alternative control methods, however further studies to ensure their safety, as food additives, are needed.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_207302_e7d9b87643d18ffb1a79776845b33bc2.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-3677121120211101Motivation of Honey Bee, Apis mellifera, Colonies to Draw out Wax Foundations and to Build Combs80380920730410.21608/jppp.2021.207304ENK. S. A. EidDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22516, Egypt khalid.Journal Article20211101Replacement of old-dark combs is an important practice to eliminate comb contaminants, control brood diseases, and provide new combs for exportation. There are several reasons affect drawn out of beeswax foundations and brood distribution in many apiaries. Therefore, this work designed to specify some characteristics of wax combs naturally built by local honey bees, to develop paint materials to motivate bee workers to build wax foundations and to determine if foundation quality and removal degree of brood combs influence speed of drawing out foundations, brood rearing and brood survival rate. The maximum variation between colonies in characteristics of naturally building combs were 0.78, 0.20, 0.55mm, and 32.75mm<sup>3</sup> for wax cell length, width, depth, and size, respectively. Beeswax paints with lemon, rose and coconut oils exceeded control in build foundations by 25.33, 8.00 and 3.66%, respectively. The removal degree of brood combs was consistent with significant increase in drawing out foundations as the removal degrees increased. High quality beeswax foundations (10% paraffin) were significantly more acceptable and drawn out rapidly by workers than low ones by adulterated (50% paraffin) after 24 and 48 hours. The same pattern was obtained for brood rearing activity after 12 and 24 days, but brood rearing activity in combs built on low quality foundations after 24 days did not significantly differ when 2 or 3 brood combs removed. However, using low quality foundations resulted in significantly lower brood survival rate than the high ones after 12 and 24 days, regardless removal degrees of brood combs. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_207304_10212f644b328ffb00c1c969a623c9b8.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-3677121120211101Toxicity and Biochemical Effect of Certain Insecticides against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)81081220730510.21608/jppp.2021.207305ENS. Sh. HafezCentral Agric. Pesticides Lab. (Capl), Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptJournal Article20211101The efficiency and biochemical effects of certain insecticides belonging to different groups namely: emamectin benzoate (Avermactin<sup>R</sup>), flubendiamide (Diamide), lufenuron (IGR) as pyridalyl (phenyl-pyridaloxy) were tested against 4<sup>th</sup> larval instar of <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd.)laboratory and field strains using dipping technique. Biochemical effects of the tested insecticides on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione-<em>S</em>-transferases (GST) were determined in the treated larvae. The efficacy of the tested insecticides is arranged as follows to LC<sub>50</sub> values. The results showed that that flubendiamide was the superior toxicant insecticides (LC<sub>50</sub> values were 0.863 ppm and 2.73 ppm for lab and field strains respectively) followed by emamectin benzoate (LC<sub>50</sub> values were 1.8 ppm and 10.13 ppm for lab and field strains respectively) then pyridalyl (LC<sub>50</sub> values were 4.17 ppm and 38.2 ppm for lab and field strains respectively) and lufenuron (LC<sub>50</sub> values were 5.4 ppm and 76.92 ppm for lab and field strains respectively). The data revealed that the treatment with tested insecticides demonstrated inhibition in AChE and GST activity. Based on the results of the present study, it was confirmed the potency of these insecticides against <em>S. littoralis</em> therefor, should be use their use in control programmes.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_207305_67e64e06a146a819d555e0021b66a5e5.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-3677121120211101Effect of Weed Control Treatments on some Maize Hybrids and its Associated Weeds81382120968510.21608/jppp.2021.209685ENMay H. M.ElattarWeed Res. Central Lab., Agric, Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Samy RamsisNagibagronomy ,department, fac, agric,minia ,uniJournal Article20211118Two field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 seasons at Mallawy Agric. Res., Station, El-Minia Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of fifteen weed control treatments, (Maister power at 750, 500 and 250 cm<sup>3</sup>/fed alone, Maister power at 750, 500 and 250 cm<sup>3</sup> /fed. tank mixed with Divest at 500 cm<sup>3</sup> /fed. Equib at 1125, 750 and 375 cm<sup>3</sup> /fed. alone, Equib at 1125,750 and 375 cm<sup>3</sup>/fed tank mixed with Divest at 500 cm<sup>3</sup>/fed. alone as well as hand hoeing twice and unweeded (check) on weeds, yield and its components of three maize hybrids (SC 168, SC 131 and TC 324). The results indicated that: Maize hybridsexhibited a significant effect on dry weight of grassy and total annual weeds in both seasons. SC 168 surpassed the other tested hybrids in all maize grain yield and its components. Except 100- grain weight. Weed control treatments decreased significantly the dry weight of grassy, broad-leaved and total annual weeds on both seasons, and had a significant effect on maize yield and its component in both seasons. Grassy, broad leaved and total annual weeds differed significantly in first season only. Maize ear diameter, no. rows/ear in both seasons and ear length in the second season only were significantly affected by the interaction between maize hybrids and weed control treatments. Grain yield ardab/fed. were positively and highly significantly correlated with maize yield and its components and negatively and highly significantly correlated with weed characters in both seasons.<br /> <strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong> Maize hybrid, weed control, post-emergence, yield, yield components <br /> Two field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 seasons at Mallawy Agric. Res., Station, El-Minia Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of fifteen weed control treatments, (Maister power at 750, 500 and 250 cm<sup>3</sup>/fed alone, Maister power at 750, 500 and 250 cm<sup>3</sup> /fed. tank mixed with Divest at 500 cm<sup>3</sup> /fed. Equib at 1125, 750 and 375 cm<sup>3</sup> /fed. alone, Equib at 1125,750 and 375 cm<sup>3</sup>/fed tank mixed with Divest at 500 cm<sup>3</sup>/fed. alone as well as hand hoeing twice and unweeded (check) on weeds, yield and its components of three maize hybrids (SC 168, SC 131 and TC 324). The results indicated that: Maize hybridsexhibited a significant effect on dry weight of grassy and total annual weeds in both seasons. SC 168 surpassed the other tested hybrids in all maize grain yield and its components. Except 100- grain weight. Weed control treatments decreased significantly the dry weight of grassy, broad-leaved and total annual weeds on both seasons, and had a significant effect on maize yield and its component in both seasons. Grassy, broad leaved and total annual weeds differed significantly in first season only. Maize ear diameter, no. rows/ear in both seasons and ear length in the second season only were significantly affected by the interaction between maize hybrids and weed control treatments. Grain yield ardab/fed. were positively and highly significantly correlated with maize yield and its components and negatively and highly significantly correlated with weed characters in both seasons.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_209685_697d111f8dd24b9bbeccbf4df0c1d383.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-3677121120211101Survey of some Mites Associated with Stored Grains and their Products from Different Governorates82382621462410.21608/jppp.2021.214624ENZ. A. HalawaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt.Nilly A. H.AbdelfattahPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt.Rasha A.ZinhoumPlant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20211117In this study 53 mite species were collected from 18 different stored products sources: wheat-straw, wheat-grains, wheat-bran, rice, rice-hay, barley, garlic, onion, faba-bean, corn, date-palm, dried-molokhia, cucumber-seeds, squash-seeds, watermelon-seeds, flour, animal-feed and skins were collected from six governorates: Fayoum, Giza, Bein-Seuf, Cairo, Qalyobia and Dakuahlia during two years from January 2018 to December 2019. Mite incidence proved the occurrence of 23 Astigmatic mite species belonging to 11 genera and 5 families, while Prostigmatid mites were represented by 17 mites species belonging to nine genera in five families, in addition to 13 mite species of Mesostigmatid belonging to eight genera and five families.The present study reveals the similarity which exists between the stored product mites of Egypt and that of other comparable parts of the world. Whereas <em>Tyrophagus</em><em> putrescentiae</em> (Shrank, 1781) is considered a major pest of stored grain and dominant than other Astigmatid mites.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_214624_dd88c6f0b5abba0b6810d889872ff10a.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-3677121120211101Efficacy of some Insecticides and Alternatives against Aphis gossypii Glover in Tomato Crop and their Effect on Soil Fertility82783221462810.21608/jppp.2021.214628ENR. O. H. AllamPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Egypt.A. M. FahmyPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Egypt.I. R. M. El-ZoghbyPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Egypt.Journal Article20211117The main objective of present study was to evaluate the toxicity of Malathion 57% EC, Potegon 20% SP, K.Z oil, and Neem (Azadirachta indica) extract AgNPs for controlling the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their effects on enzymes as indicators on soil fertility in tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum). The tested insecticides could be arranged in descending order according to their potency as follows: Malathion 57% EC > Potegon 20% SP > K.Z oil > Neem extract AgNPs. These compounds succeeded in controlling A. gossypii, where the means of reduction percentages of infestation were 79.92, 72.61, 73.18 and 72.52 %, respectively in the 2018/2019 season opposed to 76.09, 74.61, 72.97 and 71.38 %, respectively in the 2019/2020 season. The enzymes activity were not affected by the K. Z. oil, and Neem extract AgNPs applied on tomato plants. Mineral oil and plant extracts could form the basis for a successful formulation of bio-pesticides.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_214628_7ed8bcafe01adb183b626f160b6cf16e.pdf