Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36779520180501Evaluating the Insecticidal and Fungicidal Efficiency of Acacia nilotica Pods Extract2832894141010.21608/jppp.2018.41410ENM. M. S.AbbassyDepartment of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Egypt.H. Z.IbrahimDepartment of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Egypt.Mahenaz A. A.Gab AllaFruit Fly Research Section, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture - Sabahia, Alexandria.Journal Article20190718The study aimed to identify the potential of phytochemical constituent’s occurrence in the extract of <em>Acacia nilotica</em> pods and assessment of its bioactivity. Chemical and GC-MS analyses of the ethanolic extract and its fractions of pods identified active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and tannins. Toxicity of extract proved variable toxicity effects for stages of <em>Ceratitis capitata</em> and <em>Bactrocera zonata</em>. The extract constituents have demonstrated that the <em>Ceratitis capitata </em>egg was more susceptible against hatchability than for <em>Bactrocera zonata</em>, and generally, there was ovicidal efficacy noticed for both <em>insects</em>. Also, the essential oil of <em>A. nilotica</em> pods was exhibited larvicidal activity for both insects larva at various high concentrations of the tested plant extract. Concerning the adult stage, ethanolic extract of the tested tree pods proved repellent effects and insecticidal toxicity properties causing knockdown against the adults of <em>Ceratitis capitata</em> and <em>Bactrocera zonata</em>. The ethanol extract of <em>A. nilotica</em> shows antifungal activity against plant fungal pathogens; <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> and <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em>, where the rate of mycelial growth inhibition was increased by increasing the extract concentration. The extract of <em>A. nilotica</em> was found to have promising effects in controlling the investigated pests.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_41410_66e6d821960d52f5ba5286658566671e.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36779520180501Evaluation of Wormwood Extract as a Bird Repellent Material and Antagonistic Agent against Feces Fungi2912964141110.21608/jppp.2018.41411ENM. A.IssaPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptHend Sh.GhareebPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190718Wormwood extract (<em>Artemisia herba-alba</em>) was evaluate as a repellent for the house sparrow, <em>Passer domesticus</em> under laboratory and field conditions. Fungal species belonging to <em>P. domesticus</em> feces and the antifungal activity of <em>A. herba-alba</em> extract against these fungi were also investigated. The results showed that the highest concentration (10%) has the highest repellent effect with wheat consumption mean of 0.16 g and 0.15 g compared to the control (plain wheat) after four days of the laboratory and field experiments. It is worthy to mention that the lowest concentration 2.5% exhibited a high repellent effect at the first day of experiment and subsequently lost its repellent ability. Among the pathogenic fungi in feces, <em>Rhizopus stolonifer</em> (the most predominant fungus 31.7%) followed by <em>Fusarium subglutinans</em> (23.8%), <em>Paecilomyces variotii</em> (12.4%), <em>Cladosporium sphaerospermum</em> (9.2%), <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> (7.3%), <em>Aspergillus niger</em> (6%) and <em>Aspergillus versicolor</em> (5%). Whereas <em>Penicillium digitatum</em> was the least isolated fungus with occurrence 4.6%. The susceptibility of these fungi to <em>A. herba-alba</em> extract increased by increasing the extract concentration. The highest concentration 10% showed the highest antifungal activity against <em>A. versicolor</em> with mean of inhibition zone 24.3 mm. However, the lowest concentration 2.5% of this extract did not show any antifungal effects against <em>P. digitatum, R. stolonifer</em> and <em>A. niger</em>. It is concluded that wormwood is a promising biologically safe bird repellent and effective antifungal agent against pathogenic fungi of bird feces. It is economical for use than synthetic pesticides that one expensive and relatively difficult to obtain.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_41411_710097c481399d4cbfb7bd265eefee90.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36779520180501Assessment of Dispersal and Parasitism of the Laboratory Reared Trichogramma evanescens West. under Field Conditions2972994166610.21608/jppp.2018.41666ENK. A.HassanPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, MOA, Giza, Egypt.S. M.HashimPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, MOA, Giza, Egypt.Inas M. Y.MostafaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, MOA, Giza, EgyptA. S.SanadPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, MOA, Giza, EgyptNaglaa F.Abdel-HameidPlant Protection Dep., Faculty of Agriculture, Benha Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20190721<strong></strong>
Trials were conducted in a cotton field at Qaha Research Station, Qaluobia governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the dispersal ability and parasitism rate by the egg parasitoid <em>Trichogramma evanescens</em> West. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), as well, to estimate the effect of parasitoid density from the releasing site on parasitism rate. Obtained data showed a limited dispersal ability for the parasitoid. The parasitism rates at 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 cm. differed statistically from each other, being highest in the <em>S. cerealella</em> eggs placed at the shortest distance (43.03, 18.12, 10.92, 8.77 and 5.6%, respectively). The effect of releasing point and density on parasitism rate were also estimated. Increasing parasitoid density raised the rate of parasitism. When 2000, 3000 and 4000 parasitoids were released from the release point, the parasitism rates (mean percent ages for the whole 5 distances), were 33.21, 38.13 and 42.65%, respectively. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_41666_1d3fbceded26273782ee11aa39a158b4.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36779520180501Field Efficiency of Humic Substances, Boric Acid and some Novel Insecticides against Aphis gossypii Glover and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on Cotton Plants3013074166710.21608/jppp.2018.41667ENE. S.El - ZahiPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptMadeha E. H.El - DewyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190721Nutritive acids improve the plant growth via increasing its carbohydrates content and nutrients uptake, and enhance the plant resistance to biotic and a biotic stress factors. Accordingly, field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr EL-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during seasons 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the insecticidal activity of the nutritive acids (boric acid, humic acid and fulvic acid), pymetrozine, dinotefuran and thiamethoxam against<em> Aphis gossypii</em> Glover and <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius) on cotton plants under the field conditions. The toxicity of the binary mixtures of the nutritive acids with the tested insecticides against the two insects was evaluated as well. The tested compounds were applied at their field recommended rates. Pymetrozine, dinotefuran and thiamethoxam applied separately exhibited high efficiency against <em>A. gossypii</em> (causing 90.10 – 97.48% reduction), <em>B. tabaci</em> adults (recording 88.07 – 94.68% reduction) and <em>B. tabaci</em> immature stages (producing 87.29 – 92.43% reduction). Boric acid, humic acid and fulvic acid resulted in a considerable toxicity to both <em>A. gossypii</em> (31.60 – 55.21% reduction) and <em>B. tabaci </em>adults (29.51 – 43.70% reduction) and immature stages (22.46 – 37.94% reduction). Among the tested nutritive acids, humic acid proved to be the most potent against <em>A. gossypii</em>, while fulvic acid was the most effective on <em>B. tabaci</em>. Binary mixtures of the nutritive acids with the tested insecticides resulted in insignificant changes in the insecticides activity against the two pests. These results suggest that boric acid, humic acid and fulvic acid could be effectively used to improve the cotton plant growth (as recommended) and, at the same time, to control <em>A. gossypii</em> and <em>B. tabaci</em>. Further studies are required to clarify the mode of action through which the nutritive acids cause their insecticidal activity against sucking insects on cotton plants. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_41667_29676fc90bbb252c78ba1a0fbbc6b75f.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36779520180501Temperature Effect and Biological Aspects of Phenacoccus parvus Morrison (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).3093134166810.21608/jppp.2018.41668ENNaglaa M.YoussefPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190721The present study was carried out under laboratory conditions to investigate the influence of four constant temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35<sup>o</sup>C) and 60±5% R.H.on the development of the immature stages of <em>Phenacoccus parvus</em> Morrison as well as on the reproductive potential of the adult, and to estimate the relation between thermal units required for the development and degree-days (DD's). The incubation period lasted 6.6 ± 0.22, 5.8 ± 0.13, 4.2 ± 0.20 and 3.2± 0.13 days for eggs at constant temperatures 20, 25, 30 and 35<sup>o</sup>C, respectively. The developmental period of nymphal stage tended to be shortened with the corresponding increments of temperature. At a specific temperature, the developmental period of the nymphal stage was 25± 0.09, 22.5± 0.06, 17.1± 0.12 and 13.7± 0.09 days at 20, 25, 30 and 35<sup>o</sup>C, respectively. The calculated developmental thresholds (t<sub>0</sub>) of the egg and nymphal stages were found to be 7.58 and 3.72<sup>o</sup>C, respectively; meanwhile, the calculated developmental threshold of the whole immature stages was estimated as 5.71 and 5.76<sup>o</sup>C for male and female, respectively. The mean thermal units required for development of <em>P. parvus </em>eggs and nymphal stages were 469.80, 134.88 DD's degree-days, respectively.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_41668_ebc0d7b08d117f2f4f2764f08efb091b.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36779520180501Inhibitory Effect of Certain Chemical Food Preservatives against Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease of Sugar Beet3153204166910.21608/jppp.2018.41669ENM. M.El-FawyAgricultural Botany Department, Plant Pathology Branch, Faculty of Agriculture Al Azhar Univ. (Assiut Branch), Egypt.Journal Article20190721The antifungal activity of citric acidand its salt (sodium citrate) as chemical food preservatives was evaluated against <em>Cercospora beticola</em> <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. The inhibitory effect of both compounds was studied against mycelial growth of the pathogen <em>in vitro</em> at concentrations<em>, i.e.</em> 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM. Both of citric acid and sodium citrate were able to inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogen when they were added to the medium at the tested concentrations. Citric acid at 50 mM had the highest effect on the inhibition growth of the pathogen being 83.70% and also had antifungal activity. The percentage of inhibition growth increased as the tested compounds concentration increased. Data also indicate that microscopic examination of treated plates with citrate shows that this treatment reduced the numbers of <em>C. beticola</em> spores on the medium at all tested concentrations and reached its maximum reducing at concentration 50 mM of citric acid compared to untreated plates. The results revealed that spraying of diseased plants with citric acid and sodium citrate either alone or in combination at concentration 50 mM was effective in decreasing disease severity of Cercospora leaf spot compared to untreated plants. The highest reduction in disease severity was observed in case of citric acid treatment. The results revealed that foliar application of these compounds enhanced significantly root yield and sugar percentage as compared to the control.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_41669_7a93cc72ed1874191a0634b467eb5009.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36779520180501Biological Studies on the True Spiders Cheiracanthium isiacum O. Pickard- 1874 (Arachnida: Araneida: Eutichuridae) in Egypt.3213244167010.21608/jppp.2018.41670ENH. S. K.AhmedAGRIC. Zoology and Nematology Dept., Faculty of Agric., Al-Azhar University, AssiutJournal Article20190721The present are pesiments wase condacted to study the biological aspects of the true spider <em>Cheiracanthium isiacum </em>O.P. under laboratory codeition . Individuals of <em>Cheiracanthium isiacum </em>O. Pickard-, 1874. Was collected from citrus trees in Aswan governorate, Egypt. it was fed and reared on adults of the two-spotted spider mite, <em>Tetranychus urticae</em>, vinegar fly, <em>Dorsophila</em><em> melanogaster</em> and stored grain worm moth, <em>Ephestia kuhniella</em>. This species was found on citrus trees and on the ground and reared (during the period between 5 of February and 25 July 2016) . Incubation period lasted on average of 17.0 days at 28 ± 2ºC and 60-70% R.H. There were 5 spiderling instars before reaching adult male and 6 instars before reaching adult female. The total period of spiderlings was shorter for male (57.3 days) than female (88.5 days). Adult longevity and life span were shorter for male than for the female. The pre- oviposition period was 9. 0 days while the oviposition period averaged 65.4, days and the post- oviposition period lasted on averag of 46.4 days.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_41670_95a920d671ce770d66f21a74033ac810.pdf