Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36778620170601Bioremediation of Pesticides by Bacteria in Jazan Area2292324628310.21608/jppp.2017.46283ENAbeer M.MohammadFaculty of Science & Arts – Al-Dayer , Jazan UniversityNawal S.Al-MalkyFaculty of Science & Arts – Al-Dayer , Jazan UniversityRahaf M.ZurbutanFaculty of Science & Arts – Al-Dayer , Jazan UniversityJournal Article20190829Diazinone & malathion bioremediation, in vitro study, was done in a liquid medium by soil isolated bacterial strains. Malathion and diazinone residue concentrations were measured at interval times until 14 days after incubation. Results indicated that three isolates namely, F1, F3 and D3 showed high ability of degrading both diazinone & malathion with degradation ratio 35.8 , 56.1 and 29.8 % respectively, for malathion and 33.6, 49.7 and 24.5 % respectively, for diazinone, after 14 days of incubation. The best temperature for biodegradation was 30<sup>o</sup>C for all isolates. While the best pH values for degradation were 7.0 for both Bacillus & Staphylococcus isolates and 7.5 for Pseudomonus . Also this study improved that the degradation percentages was better in case of the absence of other carbon source in the medium. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_46283_bd41791bddef96190b73491859482b2b.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36778620170601Toxicological and Biochemical Effects of Jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis Extract on Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)2332394628410.21608/jppp.2017.46284ENManal A.Abdel-RazikPesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, EgyptS. A.MahmoudPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC Giza Egypt.Journal Article20190829This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity and biological effects of ethanolic leaf extract of <em>Simmondsia chinensis </em>on 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae of cotton leafworm, <em>Spodoptera littoralis, as</em> well as the effect on total protein content and the activity some enzymes of <em>S. littoralis</em> larvae after 48 and 72 hr of treatment. The obtained results indicated that the extract was more effective on the second instar larvae than the fourth one. The LC<sub>50</sub> of the jojoba extract on the 2<sup>nd</sup> instar larvae was less than that on the 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae , as well as it was decreased by increasing the period after treatment indicated that the larval mortality was higher on 2<sup>nd </sup>instars than 4<sup>th </sup>ones. Larval duration was shortened at all treatments of the 2<sup>nd</sup> instars compared with control. Pupae mortality was high on the 2<sup>nd </sup>instar treatments comparing with that of the 4<sup>th </sup>instars, also, the pupae duration was shortened at all treatments of the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th </sup>instars compared with control. The percentages of emerged moths were decreased by increasing the extract concentrations.There were significant differences in the egg laid per female between treatments and control. Total protein after 48 hr. of treating was decreased from 32 mg/ g b wt. in control to 31.8 mg/ g b wt. at treated larvae with – 0.36 % change, while it was 19.5 mg/g b wt. at control compared to 14 mg/ g b wt. after 72 hr. with –28.21 % change. As for the enzymes activity it was observed that nearly all enzyme activities were decreased in comparison with control except α-esterase activity which was decreased to 15.3µg-a-naphthal/min/mg protein after 48 hr. from treatment compared with control 27.7 µg-a-naphthal/min/mg protein and increased to 23.2 µg-a-naphthal/min/mg proteinafter72 hr. from treatment compared with control 19.5 µg-a-naphthal/min/mg protein. Also, AkP activity which increased to 20.5 U x 10<sup>3</sup>/mg protein after 48hr. of treatment, compared with control7.9 U x 10<sup>3</sup>/mg protein and decreased to 3.7U x 10<sup>3</sup>/mg protein compared with control 5.8 U x 10<sup>3</sup>/mg protein after72 hr. of treatment. Jojoba is suggested as a safe product with a potential for use as a bioinsecticide in integrated pest management especially in urban localities where use of chemical insecticides are discouraged.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_46284_91d313b2559586b9c11c6818975a81d7.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36778620170601Field Evaluation of Different Chemical Compounds in Attracting the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied: (Diptera, Tephritidae) Using Makkar and El-Abbassi Plastic Trap2412454628610.21608/jppp.2017.46286ENA. W.MakkarPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC. Dokki, Giza , EgyptT. S.El-AbbassiPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC. Dokki, Giza , EgyptM. M.El-MetwallyPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC. Dokki, Giza , EgyptJournal Article20190829 Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Makkar and El-Abbassi plastic trap loaded with four attractant sachets against the Mediterranean fruit fly <em>Ceratitis capitata</em> (Wied). Trials were carried out in two different locations, at El-Santa, Gharbia Governorate within the period from November 24<sup>th</sup> 2015 till January 17<sup>th </sup> 2016, and at Aga, Dakahlia Governorate within the period from February 29<sup>th</sup> 2016 till April 26<sup>th</sup> 2016. The two locations were cultivated with citrus tress. Results revealed that, Makkar and El-Abbassi trap loaded with sachets mounted with the three component lures (Ammonium acetate + Putrescine + Trimethylamine) ), treatment (D) captured more flies where compared with the other treatments throughout the period of experiment (16 weeks), meanwhile, the lowest cumulated number of captured flies was in traps baited with treatment (A), (Ammonium acetate). Treatment (C) (Ammonium acetate + Diammonium phosphate + Trimethylamine) captured reasonable high number of flies when compared with the other treatments (A and B). Data showed also that the highest percentages of captured females throughout four periods were in treatment (D) (92.2 %). Statistical analysis showed non significant differences between treatment (D) and treatment (C). Results obtained from this study revealed that <em>C. capitata</em> could be controlled by applying mass trapping technique, treatment (D) a better option for mass trapping.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_46286_5bde0c0fa8d52ffd1314148a1ff8c7aa.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36778620170601Etiological and Some Epidemiological Features of Bacterial Citrus Canker in Egypt2472594629310.21608/jppp.2017.46293ENI. H.TolbaPlant Pathology Branch, Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190829Symptoms consistent with citrus canker were observed in many citrus groves located in different egyptian citriculture regions. the presence of the disease was confirmed using different diagnostic methods. attempts to pathogen isolation from symptomatic citrus samples enabled toobtain15 bacterial isolates with characteristics consistent with <em>xanthomonas citri</em> subsp<em>. citri</em>. the results of physiological and biochemical tests supported the membership probability of these isolates to<em> x. citri</em>subsp<em>. citri</em>. pathogenic response of these isolates was established by artificially inoculation of detached and attached leaves of grapefruit and valencia sweet orange. all isolates caused canker symptoms on both citrus species. subjection of the isolates to omnilog id system indicated that, the isolates strongly belong to <em>xanthomonas citri</em> subsp<em>. citri</em> with similarity around 90 %. the identity of the isolates was confirmed by pcr amplification using primers 2-3. the pcr amplification successfully amplified a 222 bp dna fragment from all isolates except one. considering the results of the performed tests, these bacterial isolates confirmed to be <em>x.citri</em> subsp. <em>citri</em> and accordingly, the symptoms that appeared on the affected trees represented citrus canker disease .in another trend, some epidemiological features of the disease were studied. the obtained isolates significantly varied in their aggressiveness. the disease was occurred in 31.7 %of surveyed groves which were distributed in all surveyed localities. disease incidence (number of symptomatic trees) within diseased groves recorded 8.49%. the total mean of disease severity on the diseased trees within localities reached 35.75%.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_46293_f8b74e4bc446dd3ef9b56c8372a4007a.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36778620170601Selective Toxicity of Neonicotinoids Compounds against Apis mellifera Workers2612634629510.21608/jppp.2017.46295ENN. ShakerChemistry and Technology of Pesticide Dept. College of Agriculture, Univ. of Alexandria Alex, Egypt.H. A.MesbahPlant Protection Dept Faculty of Agriculture Saba-Bash, Alexandria UniversityA. M.KordyPlant Protection Dept Faculty of Agriculture Saba-Bash, Alexandria UniversityGehan F.AlyCentral lab of Pesticides., El-Sabahia Station. Alex., Ministry of Agriculture,Soheir T.ZakyCentral lab of Pesticides., El-Sabahia Station. Alex., Ministry of Agriculture,Journal Article20190829Honeybee is an important economic insect provide man with honey product give a good service by increasing crop production with his crop pollination services .Neonicotinoids as Acetamprid ,Thianethoxam and Clothianidin introduced to the environment to control different types of pests attack cultivated crops.Oral and indirect contact trails were carried out on adult worker honey bees for each pesticide, using commercial formulations. The acute oral toxicity (LD<sub>50</sub>)and the acute indirect contact toxicity ( LC<sub>50</sub>) were calculated Mean LD<sub>50</sub> values and LC<sub>50</sub> values at 24 hrs for Acetamiprid was 114.72x10<sup>3</sup> ng/bee , 1.58x10<sup>5</sup> ppm , For Thiamethoxam was 740 ng/bee, o.15x10<sup>4</sup>ppm and for Clothianidin 330ng/bee, 8.8x10<sup>2</sup>ppm respectively. compared with traditional organophosphate Dimethoate LD<sub>50</sub> 120 ng/bee ,and LC<sub>50</sub> 3.4x10<sup>4</sup>ppm . The data shows the same pattern after 48 and 72 hours of treatment. The neonicotinoids compounds are more safe to use against bees under laboratory condition at different time intervals compared with Dimethoate Organophoshate compound.. The safety margin for Acetamiprid LD<sub>50</sub> was 952, 917 and 984 after 24, 48 and 72 hours of application compared with dimethoate LD<sub>50</sub> , however due to LC<sub>50</sub> was 465, 836 and 592 times dimethoate toxicity. Acetamiprid was much safe more than Thiamethoxam than clothianidin.Neonicotinoids compound shows that its more safe to use in the environment while bees active or close to treated plants.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_46295_1b1786e44130d7921c1e7f59b45d2219.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36778620170601Efficiency of Certain Bio-Agents as Biological Control against Two Land Snail Species, Eobania Vermiculata (Müller) and Succinea Putris (Linnaeus) under Laboratory Conditions2652694629810.21608/jppp.2017.46298ENMona A.AliPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Heba A.Al-GhnamPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Doaa A.Abou El AttaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190829This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of certain bio control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNS)(<em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em> (HP88), <em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em>(B20),<em> Steinernema carpocapsae </em>and<em> Steinernema </em>sp.), Bioarc<em> (Bacillus megaterium</em>) and Biozeid<em> (Trichoderma album</em>) against the two land snails, <em>Eobania vermiculata </em>and<em>Succinea putris</em> compared with recommended molluscicide Agrinate under laboratory conditions. Results revealed that Agrinate showed superior toxicity effect more than tested biological agents recording the highest total mortality percentages in <em>E. vermiculata</em> (86.65%) and <em>S.</em> <em>putris</em> (96.65%). Bioarc and Biozeid ranked the next and induced total mortality percentages amounted to 56.66 and 39.98% for<em> E. vermiculata</em> and 69.98 and 56.66% for<em> S. </em><em>putris</em>, respectively. Among entomogenous nematodes, <em>H. bacteriophora</em> HP88 and B20 performed the best at the level of 9000 IJs/ cup, while <em>S. carpocapsa</em>e and <em>S</em><em>teinernema </em>sp. showed the least molluscicidal activity against<em> E. vermiculata</em> and <em>S. </em><em>putris</em> after 28 days of treatment. The land snail, <em>S.</em> <em>putris</em>showed more sensitivity to all tested treatments than <em>E. vermiculata</em>.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_46298_c3bd99ad54d97ae8d9b473f376eab761.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36778620170601Influence of Tylosin Drug on Blood Cells of Honeybee Worker Larvae2712754630110.21608/jppp.2017.46301ENA. S. F.SherifPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190829The primary objective of this work was to study the effect of tylosin on the honeybee larvae blood cells. Honeybee colonies were treated with a solution of tylosin. Larvae blood samples were collected and pulled directly onto glass and examine with 1250x microscope. In mostly the blood cells count were decreased except in prohaemocytes and oenocytes, in both treatments factors (time and larvae instar). The third day after treated with tylosin showed the highest amount of Oenocytes (12.67±4.04) in the third instar. While the lowest amount ((5.67±3.21) was recorded in the control. The Oenocytes cells in the second larvae Instar were increased and reached 10.67±2.31 while the control amount was 5.67±3.21. The results showed that, tylosin has strong effect on the blood cells count. And may be decreased the honeybee immunity. https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_46301_906a65de0bf011d30b2fcd8d52caf024.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36778620170601Effect of the Multiple Queens Within Colony on Some Honeybee Activities, Apis mellifera carnica and Sustainability of their Colonies2772814630310.21608/jppp.2017.46303ENShaimaa N.MostafaDep of Applied Entomologe. Fac. Of Agric., Alexandria Univ., EgyptMagda H. A.SalemDep of Applied Entomologe. Fac. Of Agric., Alexandria Univ., EgyptO. EL-AnsaryDep of Applied Entomologe. Fac. Of Agric., Alexandria Univ., EgyptJournal Article20190829Multiple honey bee queen colonies contained two to four mated queens which able to move freely were produced by removing the mandibles of queens which trigger fighting and queen elimination within the colony. This method showed the high success, Twenty five out of twenty seven queens were accepted after their introduction in Carniolan colonies, and the success ratio reaches 92.6%. Twenty seven multiple queens introduced in nine colonies were sustainable enough for long period without losing any queen from the spring to fall in the first year. Twenty seven were over wintered successfully and no queen loss was recorded until the next fall in the second year. The multiple queen colonies which contained four queens were more efficient than the other tested multiple queen colonies in the workers brood production activity, it was recorded an average 14460 inch<sup>2</sup>/colony/ year for amount of worker brood, followed by colonies which contained three queens then colonies which contained two queens while the single queen colonies as control indicated the lowest mean amount of workers brood 5776 inch<sup>2</sup>/colony / year. Also, multiple queen colonies contained four queens were scored highest value of mean amounts 348, 9692 and 4120 inch<sup>2</sup>/colony / year for drone brood rearing, honey and pollen production, respectively. The single queen colonies indicated the lowest amount of 124, 4968 and 1864 inch<sup>2</sup>/colony / year for drones brood rearing, honey and pollen production, respectively. Also, multiple queen colonies contained four queens were scored highest value of mean amounts citrus, clover and cotton flow seasons, while single queen colonies were recorded lowest amount in same flow seasons. From the obtained results it was shown that the multiple queen colonies are more efficient for helping the beekeepers to increase the bee population and thus increase the honeybee products. In addition the multiple queens technique can be used in the commercial domain.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_46303_eb6ede566990b0d8b73c1a3c70c1cbc9.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36778620170601Quantity and Seasonal Variation of Propolis Gathering Activity by Craniolan and Italian Honey Bee Hybrid at kafr El-Sheikh.2832864630510.21608/jppp.2017.46305ENH. M.FathyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.F. A. A.BadriaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University.A. S.FateheDepartment of Bee research, plant protection research Institute.M. G. M.GhazyDepartment of Bee research, plant protection research Institute.Journal Article20190829This study was conducted in the apiary of bee research - plant protection research institute branch of Sakha – Kafr El- sheikh governorate during the period from the beginning of January 2014 until the end of December 2014 to study the activity in the collecting propolis, according to bee races (Craniolan hybrid and Italian hybrid).The propolis amount collected by the Italian hybrid in spring between 1.14 – 2.60g.with a mean value of 1.90g. Whereas the Propolis amount collected by the Craniolan hybrid ranged between 2.697 – 6.353g with a mean value of 4.56.The Propolis amount collected by Italian hybrid 3.67g ranged between 0.520 – 2.170g in winter with mean 1.223g, in summer with a mean value of 4.41g. The highest value in winter season was in Marsh 2.170g, while the lowest value was in January 0.520g. Whereas the Propolis amount collected by Carniolan hybrid 8.766g ranged between 1.913 – 3.870g in winter with mean 2.923g. In summer with a mean value of 6.709g. The highest value in winter season was in February 3.870g, while the lowest value was in January 1.913g, the highest value in summer season was in July 9.214g, while the lowest value was in September 3.124g.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_46305_df7103195aa33de4ffd62d642f7282d9.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36778620170601Bacterial Leaf Spot of Araliaceous Plants Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Hederae in Egypt2872954630710.21608/jppp.2017.46307ENI. H.TolbaBranch of Plant Pathology- Department of Agricultural-Botany-Faculty of Agriculture-Al Azhar University-Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190829A leaf spot symptoms consentient with bacterial leaf spot disease of araliaceous plants were observed on plants of <em>Schefflera actinophylla</em> grown in different plots located in Cairo and Giza governorates during 2014. Eight bacterial isolates resemble <em>Xanthomonas campestris </em>pv<em>. hederae</em> obtained from symptomatic plants were characterized based on physiological and biochemical tests, pathogenicity test and Biolog microbial ID system. Furthermore, the isolates were characterized by comparing them by ERIC PCR which showed highly similar DNA fragment banding patterns between all isolates. Some variance in the isolates virulence were detected when differences in virulence between the isolates were evaluated on the leaves of<em> Schefflera actinophylla</em> and<em> Schefflera elegantissima</em>. Host range of the isolates within Araliaceae family was determined on 7 araliaceous plants where, all isolates were pathogenic on <em>Schefflera arboricola, Schefflera elegantissima</em> and <em>Hedera helix</em> in addition to <em>Schefflera actinophylla</em> and conversely, none of the isolates were pathogenic on <em>Aralia nudicaulis</em>, <em>Dendropanax</em> <em>trifidus</em> and <em>Fatsia japonica</em>. Incidence and severity of the disease were evaluated on araliaceous plants grown in 10 plots located in Cairo and Giza governorates. The disease incidence values significantly differed within surveyed plots whereas these values ranged from 0 to 56.5 % by overall mean equal to 22.9%. The mean of the disease severity ratings ranged from 38.0 to 77.5 % by overall mean equal to 43.5%.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_46307_d5f0f26f731ac1a8d43ba3c5edae67e3.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36778620170601Sub-Acute and Sub-Chronic Effect of Chlorantraniliprole (Coragen® 20% SC) on Albino Rat2973034630810.21608/jppp.2017.46308ENYasmin E.Abdel-MobdyDepartment of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.M. A. M.MoustafaDepartment of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.A. H. A.NahasCentral of Agriculture, Pesticides Lab., Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Hala R.Abdel-RahmanDepartment of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190829Pest control has been achieved by chemical pesticides for more than 70 years but their efficiency is decreased as a result of insecticides resistant problems and environmental concern. The significant increase in pesticide use has increased concerns about potentially adverse effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, alternative insecticides with a new mode of action are needed. The present work aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of the insecticide, chlorantraniliprole (Coragen<sup>®</sup> 20%SC) on liver and kidney biochemical parameters of albino rats with different sub-acute and sub-chronic doses<sub>. </sub>The pathological parameters of sub-acute and sub-chronic liver, kidneys and protein profile changes by chlorantraniliprole were assessed. Generally, the tested compound caused a slight decrease in body weight as compared with untreated ones. Also, it caused an increase in AST and ALT activities urea and creatinine. Therefore, a decrease of albumin, globulin and blood calcium content was observed. The present results also clarify our need to avert exposure of humans to chlorantraniliprole and recommend that all pesticides no matter how safe they are must be assessed for their toxicity.https://jppp.journals.ekb.eg/article_46308_0c4d7842de68c8ff45c5ca8111d2075b.pdf