Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773620120601POPULATION FLUCTUATION, BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DUBAS BUG (Ommatissus lybicus DeBerg (HOMOPTERA :TROPIDUCHIDAE ) ATTACKING DATE PALM TREES (Phoenix dactylifera L.) AND ITS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL BY Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) LARVAE.5035158379210.21608/jppp.2012.83792ENA. E.HussainEconomic Entomology Dept.,Fac.Agric.,Al-Azhar Univ.,CairoS. A.El-ArnaoutyEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., GizaKh. M.GhanemEnviron. and Bio-Agric. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Cairo,M. S.Al-AnanyEnviron. and Bio-Agric. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Cairo,Journal Article20200419The Palm trees, attacking by many insect pests and among the most important of these insect pests Dubas bug <em>Ommatissus lybicus</em> DeBerg (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae ). The study of the population fluctuation of Dubas bug <em>O. lybicus</em> was carried out in Helwan on date palms in correlation with studying associated natural enemies. Field studies were carried out during two successive seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012) by fortnightly visits to examine the fronds of the selected palms. The data showed that there are two generations per every year (spring and autumn generations) on Date palm trees. There was a negative correlation between Dubas numbers and each of temperature and relative humidity. There was no significant differences between the two seasons. The most widely spread predators were <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> (Steph.), <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata </em>L., <em>Sphodromantis </em>sp<em>.</em> As respect to biological studies on dubas bug, <em>O. lybicus</em> were carried out in 2009. The obtained results showed that the insect pest had two annual generations (spring and autumn generations) and the adult passed through five nymphal instars before maturity. The spring generation lasted 166.5±12.85 days, while autumn generation lasted 145±6.20 days. The nymphal stage lasted 53.5±1.87 days for the spring generation and 51.5±1.87 days for the autumn generation. Adult females lived 63±5.6 days and 91.4±13.6 days in spring and autumn generations, respectively. The respective figures for males were 33.5±6 and 76±9 days. The number of deposited eggs ranged from 146.5±8.23 eggs/female for the spring generation to 146.5±2.45 eggs/female in autumn generation. The incubation period of the egg stage reached 117.5±1.87 days and 60±3.32days for spring and autumn generations, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between developmental time means of eggs and adults for both generations. Results also showed that there were significant differences between spring and autumn life span periods (235.5±16.30 and 164±9.09 days, respectively). Nymphal stage of dubas bug showed five developmental instars with five moulting, with significant differences recorded among means of developmental periods among nymphal instars (8.5±1.29, 10.5±1.29, 13±1, 11.5±1.29, 14±1 and 8±1, 8.5±1.29, 12±1, 13±1, 13.5±1.29 days) for spring and autumn generations, respectively. The results showed significant differences between male and female longevities for both generations. The biological control of dubas bug by <em>Ch.</em><em>carnea</em> Larvae, showed that the <em>Ch</em><em>. carnea</em> larvae has the ability to consume average 16.4±6.9 nymphs of the first nymphal instar of dubas bug during 24 hours. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773620120601EFFECT OF BISPYRIBAC-SODIUM ON Oryza sativa, Echinochloa crus-galli AND Echinochloa colonum UNDER EGYPTIAN ECOSYSTEM5175328379310.21608/jppp.2012.83793ENA. A.ZeinDept. of Pesticides Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptM. A.AshryDept. of Pesticides Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptM. F.El-NadyDept. of Agric. Botany, Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptSH. M.Abdel-dayemDept. of Pesticides Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptJournal Article20200419The objectives of this investigation were to study the effect of herbicide bispyribac-sodium at rate of 16 g a.i/fed on <em>Oryza sativ</em> (L.) cv. Sakha 104, <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> (L.) and <em>Echinochloa colonum</em> (L.) grown under Egyptian ecosystem (Nile delta ecosystem). Morpho-physiological changes were take into account were growth reduction, chlorophyll pigment content reduction and reduction of some anatomical leaf parameters in <em>O. sativa</em>, <em>E. crus-galli</em> and <em>E. colonum</em> treated with tested herbicide. Moreover, increasing in membrane integrity (permeability) and leaf water deficit and reducing in leaf water contents were obtained in all tested plants treated with bispyribac-sodium. Ultrastructural changes in tested plants after bispyribac-sodium foliar application were noticed as cytotoxic features (programmed cell death). Cytotoxic features were take into account were mesophyll cell plasmolysis, irregular, granular nucleus, reduction in thylakoid membranes in treated plants compared with untreated plants. The obtained results will improve our understanding to tested herbicide mode of action, which may be overcome or reduce the side effects on non-target plant (<em>O. sativa</em>). Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773620120601ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN ORIZA SATIVA, Echinochloa colonum AND Echinochloa crus-galli TREATED WITH FENOXAPROP-P-ETHYL AND PENOXSULAM HERBICIDES.5335458379410.21608/jppp.2012.83794ENM F.El-NadyDept. of Agric. Botany, Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptA. ZeinDept. of Pesticides Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptM. A.AshryDept. of Pesticides Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptSh. Abdel-dayemDept. of Pesticides Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., EgyptJournal Article20200419Cytological changes in rice <em>Oriza sativa</em> (L.) cv. Sakha 104, and two different rice weeds i.e. <em>Echinochloa colonum</em> (L.) and <em>Echinochoa crus-galli</em> (L.) after foliar application with fenoxaprop-P-ethyl at rate of 26.25 g a.i /fed. and penoxsulamat rate of 10 g a.i/fed. were investigated. Mesophyll cell plasmolysis and unevenly thickened cell walls were showed in <em>O. sativa</em> after foliar application with fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. Mitochondria multi- fission and increasing in mitochondria number per cell were found in rice and <em>E. crus-galli</em> mesophyll cells. Thylakoid membrane reduction and plastoglubule were noticed in chloroplast of mesophyll cells in <em>E. colonum</em> were recorded. Furthermore, re-growth of <em>E. crus-galli</em> and <em>E. colonum</em> occurred after foliar application with fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. These findings will improve our understanding for the tested herbicides mode of action in wanted and unwanted plants at ultrastructural levels. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773620120601METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR RAPID ANALYSIS OF DIOXIN IN SOME FOOD AND FEED USING FREEZE DRYING AND ACCELERATED SOLVENT EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES5475618379510.21608/jppp.2012.83795ENY. M.NabilCentral Lab of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200419<span>The global methods approved and reliable for the analysis of dioxins in food and feed, which take a lot of time, money and effort in addition to that, take many harmful solvents. A simple and rapid method for sample preparation and extraction of dioxins from food developed using freeze-drying (FD) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) techniques, respectively. Average recoveries of dioxins extracted from the food obtained by a conventional soxhlet extraction and the ASE almost equal, when the data compared by both methods. Moreover, decrease the time of tissue extraction from 24 hours using soxhlet to only 35 minutes using ASE technique. Development of dioxin analysis in food and feed samples by entire method of fat extraction based on ASE for determination of dioxin compounds with high-resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) from food and feed samples was developed. Optimization conditions for ASE method are effective and reliable by using Dionex ASE 350 as follows oven temperature: 150 °C, static cycle time: 5 minute, cycle’sno.: 4, flush volume: 100%, purge time: 90 sec, cell pressure: 1590 psi (nitrogen gas) and total extraction time: 35 min per sample.Extraction solvents used for fatty-food samples such as fish, meat and liver were Hexane: DCM (1:1 v,v). While toluene used for extraction of Non-fatty food samples. Quality assurance for ASE extraction method such as precision and recovery as well as robustness and natural contaminated samples evaluated through certified reference materials (CRM) analysis. Accuracy of PCDD/Fs estimated with CRM for Trout sample was below 4% for both ASE and soxhlet, (complying with EU requirement ≤ 20%). This study was to compare efficiency of various extraction tools to determine the content of dioxins in food and feed samples by using accelerated solvent extraction technique (ASE) with those prepared by extraction in soxhlet technique.</span>Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773620120601FIELD AND SEME-FIELD EVALUATION OF BIOCIDES LOCALLY FORMULATED AGAINST THE FIELD COTTON LEAFWORM Spodoptera littoralis ( BOISD.)5635708379610.21608/jppp.2012.83796ENN. S.Abdel-HaiCentral Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory , ARC, Dokki , Giza, EgyptSherifa A. N.El-SherifCentral Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory , ARC, Dokki , Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200419Field and Semi-field experiments were carried out in Manshiat-Ganzor in Gharbya governorate during 2009 to study the effect of three biocides used for the control of the cotton leafworm. The treatments included Viroset 4% W.P., Protecto 9.4% W.P. and Prophect 7% W.P. at its half (150gr/F) , recommended (300gr/F) and double dose (600gr/F). The results indicate that the 2<sup>nd</sup> instar larvae of Gharbya cotton leafworm fed on the samples of treated leaves for each treatment, only 20, 30 and 20% larval mortality were observed after 3 days to the higher concentration (600gr/F) to viroset, Protecto and Prophect respectively, such larval mortality were increased to 65, 65 and 68% after 13 days to the samples collecting after (zero time). The data indicated that treatment of larvae with the tested biocides drastically reduced the rate of % pupation, % of emergency and increased the mortality and deformation in pupal and adult stages. The treatments also reduced egg production and % hatchability. With regard to hatchability , obtained results indicated that Protecto was the most effective (0% hatchability) followed by Viroset 12.11% and Prophect 15.3% when they were applied at their double dose at zero time of spray. The field experiments showed that Protecto was the most potent biocide in reducing the population of the cotton leafworm larvae after 8 days of application, particularly when this compound used at 600 gr/Feddan. The reduction in larval population after 8 days of treatments with Viroset , Protecto and Prophect at (600gr/F) were 40 , 80 and 77%.
The previous results suggest that biocides compounds may be recommended as an effective component of the future IPM programs against <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> on cotton fields.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773620120601INTEGRATED CONTROL USING DIFFERENT METHODS AGAINST TWO LAND SNAIL SPECIES Theba pisana ( Muller) AND Helicella vestalis ( Pfeiffer) INFESTING Citrus nobilis TREES AT SHARKIA GOVERNORATE5715818379710.21608/jppp.2012.83797ENAmal H. E.Abd El RahmanPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, EgyptT. M. M.Al AkraAgric. Zoology and Nematology Dep., Fac. Agric. Al- Azhar Univ. EgyptJournal Article20200419 Number of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of certain safe and non- safe control methods as components of integrated pest management which help in reducing the population density of two land snail species, <em>Theba pisana</em> and <em>Helicella vestalis</em> infesting mandarin ( <em>Citrus</em> <em>nobilis</em> ) trees in orchards at newly salhyia, Sharkia Governorate during 2010- 2011. The safe methods were agricultural control ( Tillage or plowing process and plant traps ) and mechanical control (hand picking) for six weeks. The non-safe methods were chemical control by some toxicants (glyphosate: Herbicide, carbofuran: Insecticide and nematicide, chlorpyrifos-methyl: Insecticide, methamidophos: Insecticide, paraquate: Herbicide) and biological control by Xentari : <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> ( B .T. ) : Biocide and Insecticide.These toxicants were prepared as wheat bran baits for three weeks. The tested IPM components reduced the snail population of both species depending on their efficiency and the time of performance. Tillage, plant traps, toxicants and hand picking were useful to control land snails during December and January 2010, February and March 2011, April, June and July successively. Results revealed that glyphosate was the most effective toxicant giving highest average values of reduction percentage (58.02% and 61.4%) followed by tillage process (53% and 45.5%), plant traps (44.7% and 52.7%) and hand picking (37.9% and 45.2%) for <em>Theba pisana</em> and <em>Helicella vestalis</em> respectively, at the end of experiments. The biocide xentari (<em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>) was the least effective one (31.9% and 32.02%). Moreover, the descending order of the tested toxicants was, glyphosate, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos-methyl, methamidophos, paraquate and Xentari. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773620120601EFFECT OF FIVE ADJUVANTS ON THE ACETOCHLOR ACTION ON PURSLAN (Portulaca oleracea) AND COCKLEBUR (Xanthium brasilicum) AND ITS PERSISTENCE IN SOIL .5836008379810.21608/jppp.2012.83798ENRodina A.HaasanDept. of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20200419The results of studying the effect of acetochlor and its mixtures on the emergence of <em>Portulaca oleracea </em>weed revealed that in general the least effective treatments were acetochlor mixture with citric acid with 2.74 weeds/ m<sup>2</sup> as a mean, followed by acetochlor alone (2.30). While the most effective treatments resulting in low mean were acetochlor+ phosphoric acid (0.52), followed by the other treatments.
For <em>X. brasilicum </em>the mean values showed that acetochlor half dose with phosphoric acid, with palm oil and with capl 2 crude oil were the most effective mixtures with (0.19, 0.41 and 0.30 weed /m<sup>2</sup>). The mixture with citric acid was the least effective (0.96 weeds /m<sup>2</sup>) beside acetochlor alone with (1.96 weeds /m<sup>2</sup>) comparing with 4.33 weeds / m<sup>2.</sup> While full dose of acetochlor was more effective on inhibiting the emergence of both tested weeds. Acetochlor mixture with phosphoric acid was the most effective mixture in suppressing both weeds emergence.
In general the fresh weight obtained from treatment with half recommended dose was higher than that obtained on treatment with full dose. Acetochlor alone and its mixture with citric acid resulted in fresh weight higher than all the other treatments as for the full dose and its half of the two tested weeds. There was very high % germination of the cucumber as a test plant in the treated soil layer 5 – 10 cm. This may be due to the effect of the tested adjuvants except for citric acid which didn’t show the same effect.
The persistence of acetochlor with phosphoric acid was higher than all the other treatments during the experiment interval including acetochlor alone. The highest RL<sub>50 </sub>value was that of acetochlor with phosphoric acid (27.73 days), while the lowest was that of acetochlor with arabic gum (6.56 days). Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773620120601FIRST ISOLATION OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI, STACHYBOTRYS SP. FROM NATURALLY INFECTED TORTOISE BEETLE, Cassida vittata VILL (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN SUGAR BEET FIELDS IN EGYPT6016098379910.21608/jppp.2012.83799ENK G.I.BazazoPlant Protection Res. Dept., Sugar Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center.Amira Sh. M.IbrahimEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. Agric., Kafr El-Sheikh Univ.R. A. S.El-ShafeyRice Diseases Res. Inst., Rice Res. and Training Cent., Agric. Res. Center.Journal Article20200419The current study was carried out during 2010/2011 sugar beet season at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station for monitoring population fluctuations of <em>Cassida vittata</em> and isolation the entomopathogenic fungi, <em>Stachybotrys </em>sp. from this insect pest. Data indicated that the insect density gradually increased towards the end of the season to exhibit the highest density (175 individuals/20 plants) on 25 April-10 May. In a laboratory test, 17 adults of <em>C. vittata</em> out of 24 ones died because of the fungus, and the accumulated mortality, in a duration of 24 days, was calculated as 70.83%. This obviously show the virulence of <em>Stachybotrys </em>sp. in killing adults of <em>C. vittata</em>. In a field test, the suspension of <em>Stachybotrys </em>sp. (5 x 10<sup>4</sup> spores/ml water) was sprayed on sugar beet plants against <em>C. vittata</em>. Mortality values of the insect one, two and three weeks post-treatment were 12.00, 12.50- and 11.76%, respectively. This investigation shows that this isolated fungus may be promising as an entomopathogenic against this beetle. However, further studies concerning biosafety and the effect of fungus applications in sugar beet fields on natural enemies are required.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773620120601STUDY THE EFFECT OF RADIANT COMPOUND ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF Cunaxa setirastirs (HERMANN) (ACARINA: ACTINEDIDA: CUNAXIDAE)6116198380010.21608/jppp.2012.83800ENA. M.KhalilPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, GizaJournal Article20200419Laboratory experiments were carried out during the period from July 2009 to May 2010, to study the efficicency of three concentrations (2.816, 1.77 and 0.79 ppm) of Radiant compound 12% against adult stages of the predatory mite <em>Cunaxa setirastirs</em> (Hermann) and the sequence effect of the three concentrations against the eggs resulted from treated females by LC<sub>50</sub> under laboratory conditions 25±1°C and 75±5%R H. Results indicated that the three concentrations caused high effect on duration of preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition, where by lasted 7.2, 21.7 & 2.9 days, 5.3, 26.5 &4.6 days and 4.3, 29.0 & 5.5 days at 2.816, 1.77 and 0.79 ppm, respectively, at 2.816 , 1.77 and 0.79 ppm and 4.3, 29.0 & 5.5 days at 0.79 ppm, respectively,compared with 3.4, 40.0 and 3.9 days in control. Also, the female and male longevity were high affected by the three concentrations. The high decreased in longevity period occurred at 2.816 ppm which was estimated by 32.7days for female and 19.3 days for male compared with 45.7 and 34.46 days for female and male, respectively, in control. On the other hand, the three concentrations caused high reduction in the average number of deposited eggs per female, it was 54.6, 73.3 and 84.3 eggs/female treated by 2.816, 1.77 & 0.79ppm, respectively, compared with 124 eggs in control. When eggs treated with Radiant, the LC<sub>50</sub> , LC<sub>25</sub> and LC<sub>10 </sub>were 1.6,0.618 and 0.43 ppm, respectively and prolonged the duration larvae, protonymph, dutonymph and tritonymph stages in both female and male.
<strong> </strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36773620120601TEMPERATURE DEGREES AS MAIN FACTOR AFFECTING THE BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE SPIDER, Thomisus spinifer (ARANEIDA : THOMISIDAE)6216288380210.21608/jppp.2012.83802ENM. M.El-SebaayPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200419The effect of temperatures on biological aspects of spider <em>Thomisus spinifer </em>(Sundevall, 1833) (Araneae : Thomisidae) were studied under laboratory conditions of (25±2°C and 60-70% R.H.). Results indicated that, females reached maturity after 7.9 spiderling instars, (175.83 days) and males after 6-8 spiderling instars, (156.80 days) at 20°C, while females reached maturity after 6-8 spiderling instars 240 days) and males after 5-7 spiderling instars at 30°C. females life span durated 320.42 and 277.80 days for males at 20°C. while at 30°C these periods were increased to 397.38 and 360.30 days for females and males, respectively. Food consumption was also noticed at 20 and 30°C.