Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401IMPORTANCE AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TRIGLYCERIDES AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITIONS OF THREE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE SPECIES3793928644710.21608/jppp.2011.86447ENS. S.El-BadawyPest Physiology Dept., Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptA. M.AzazyPest Physiology Dept., Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptRanda M.Abd El-RhamanPest Physiology Dept., Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptSoher F.El-LakwahPest Physiology Dept., Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200502Triglycerides and fatty acids compositions in the juveniles of two species of <em>Heterorhabditis </em>(<em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em> and <em>H. indica</em>) and one species of <em>Steinernema </em>(<em>Steinernema riobrave</em> ) were analysed and determined at two ages 0 and 20 days for <em>S. riobrave</em> and <em>H. indica</em> , less than 7 and 30 days for <em>H. bacteriophora</em>. Results revealed that triglycerides comprised approximately 82, 88and 85 % of the total lipids in <em>S. riobrave</em>, <em>H. indica</em> and <em>H. bacteriophora </em>respectively, Fatty acids recorded 8, 7 and 8% of the total lipid content, so, neutral lipids are the major content of total lipids. The major fatty acids found in nematode juveniles of three species were: palmitic C16:0, stearic C18:0, oleic C18:1 and linoleic C18:2. The most abundant saturated fatty acids were palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids. Oleic (C18:1) and linoleIic (C18:2) were the principal unsaturated fatty acids. These nematodes have relative high levels of poly unsaturated fatty acids. Triglycerides and fatty acids composition were declined with storage. This decline was quantitative rather than qualitative. These results might be helpful in increasing the efficiency of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) as biological control agents against insect pests and improving different nematode species or strains. Fatty acids may be play role in toxicity of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) against hosts. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401RESPONSE OF SOME MEDICAL PLANTS TO COMBINED INOCULATION WITH SOME N2-FIXING AND PHOSPHATE DISSOLVING MICROORGANISMS IN RELATION TO INSECT INFESTATION IN STORAGE3934068644810.21608/jppp.2011.86448ENH. M.El-ZunDept. of Stored Product Pests Res., Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.M. Nour El-DinDept. of Microbiology, Soil, Water and Environmental Res. Institute, Giza, Egypt.Sahar I.AhmedDept. of Pesticides, Faculty of Agric., Kafr El-Sheikh University.Journal Article20200502Four medical plants pre-treaded in the field with traditional, organic and biofertilizers as combined inoculation of some N<sub>2</sub>-fixing and phosphate dissolving microorganisms namely fenugreek, mustard, black cumin and nostortium, each plant material have four fertilization treatments were tested against <em>Sitophilus oryzae</em>. All sixteen plant materials were evaluated against the insect pest to study the degree of infestation on the tested materials of the 16 tested medical plant materials, most of them exhibited more tolerance than the other remained and had the lowest numbers of pests recorded monthly as Acarina and Insecta for nearly one year. These seeds mixed with wheat grains as protectants at two levels of 1 and 10% by weight. The results obtained showed that the degree of infestation and the mean of emerged adults of <em>S. oryzae </em>were affected by the plant species as well as the level and the kind of fertilizers. Inoculation of bio-organo fertilizer and / or chemical fertilizer changed some physical and chemical characters of tested plant species compared with control (traditional fertilization). Therefore, the differences for susceptibility of insect infestation under the different levels and the kind of fertilizer may be due to this cause. So, the type of fertilization may have an effect on the degree of insect infestation. Pirimiphos-methyl included in the present study as a recommended chemical insecticide against stored product insects for comparison the chemical insecticide tested exhibited the highest effect on the all studied parameters.
Thus we recommend mixing wheat grains with fenugreek by the ratio of 90 : 10 to result on decrease of insect infestation without addition of chemical pesticides. Fenugreek addition to wheat grains may also improve nutritional value of the resulted flour, to shure these findlings further experiments are needed.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401EFFECT OF SOME ABIOTIC FACTORS ON THE POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF SOME PESTS INFESTING OKRA PLANTS, WITH THE USING OF SOME COMPOUNDS IN THEIR CONTROLLING4074198644910.21608/jppp.2011.86449ENNeama A.Abdel HamedZoology Dept., Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University,H. S.ShaalanPlant Protection Research Institute, (ARC). Dokki, Giza.Egypt.Samia A.YasinPlant Protection Research Institute, (ARC). Dokki, Giza.Egypt.Aziza M. M.Abou-ZaidPlant Protection Research Institute, (ARC). Dokki, Giza.Egypt.Journal Article20200502Field experiments were conducted at Qalyubiya Governorate during two successive seasons 2009 and 2010 to study the population fluctuation of some sap-sucking pests, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Genn),<em> Thrips tabaci</em>,<em>Liriomyza trifolii</em> (Burgess) and <em>Tetranychus urtica </em>Koch on Okra plants, and controlling them by using of Azadirachtin (Neemazal 5% EC), the natural oil (Clove oil, 5% EC), Plant extract Damaseia 1% DC and Vertimec 1.8% EC. Also the effect of these compounds and pests on chlorophyll of the leaves during the two successive seasons. The mean number of <em>B. tabaci</em> firstly occurred on May 11<sup>th</sup> and increased gradually to reach the peak at August 31<sup>st</sup> during 2009 season. While the infestation rates of<em> T. tabaci</em>,<em> L. trifolii</em> and<em> T. urtica</em> increased gradually and reached its peak in 14<sup>th</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 10<sup>th</sup> August in 2009 season, respectively. The weather factors (maximum, minimum, mean temperature) and plant age had significant positive effect on population of <em>B. tabaci</em>, <em>T. tabaci</em>,<em> L. trifolii</em> and<em> T. urtica</em> while the relative humidity had negative significant effect on population of <em>B. tabaci</em>, <em>T. tabaci</em>, <em>L. trifolii</em> and<em> T. urticae</em> during the two studied seasons 2009 and 2010. The percentage of explained variance of the four tested factors during the two seasons were 91.50; 94.60% for<em> B. tabaci</em>, 88.10; 89.90% in case of <em>T. tabaci</em>, 73.40; 69.20% on <em>L. trifolii</em> and 82.10 and 84.70% for <em>T. urticae</em> during the two seasons, respectively. The bioactivity of the four pesticides, the obtained results showed that Cloves oil, Damaseia and Neemazal seam to be closely similar in the order of mean reduction percentages of <em>T. tabaci</em>, <em>L. trifolii</em> and <em>T. urticae</em> (59.53, 59.33&60.30), (54.00, 55.90&55.10) and (76.20, 77.60&85.40, respectively) during the season 2009. On the other hand, Cloves oil caused 82.14 and 82.65 mortality of eggs and nymphal stages of whitefly followed by Damaseia (83.08&81.98) and Neemazal (75.50&73.30) during the two seasons. During 2009 season, the highest content of chlorophyll A in treated the okra leaves were obtained with using Cloves oil, Vertimec and Plant Extract Damaseia in which the leaves had significantly more chlorophyll content than in control. During 2010 seasons, the leaves sprayed with Cloves oil had the highest amount of chlorophyll content, while plants sprayed with Vertimec showed significantly lower chlorophyll content than in the control plants.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401COMPARARTIVE STUDIES BETWEEN ZINC PHOSPHIDE AND GOLDEN AHOWER CRUDE SEEDS PLANT EXTRACT AS A RODENTICIDE UNDER LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS4214288645010.21608/jppp.2011.86450ENH. I.El-DeebPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. CenterI. K.IbrahimPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. CenterFatma K.KhidrPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. CenterA. A.Abo-HashemPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. CenterJournal Article20200502The rodenticidal effect of golden shower crude seeds extract, <em>Cassia fistula</em> was studied comparatively with zinc phosphide under laboratory and field conditions of sharkia. Governorate. The laboratory results showed that in both non-choice and free - choice feeding tests a bait containing 1% either zinc phosphide or golden shower ethanolic extract gave 100% mortality for albino rat with shorter time to death for zinc phosphide treatment. Golden shower ethanolic extract bait was more palatable than zinc phosphide with 56.7 and 34.1% bait acceptance, respectively. Oral administration of sub-leathal dose (¼ LD<sub>50 </sub>) of each compound induced a noticeable dysfunction in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes and total protein as they increased in plasma at 24 and 48 hours after treatment indicating ahepatic damage. Aprolongation of the prothrombin time (PT) had occurred following administration of golden shower ethanolic extract indicating disorders in blood coagulation mechanism but no effect on (PT) was observed with zinc phosphide treatment. Under the field conditions, zinc phosphide caused 69.3% population reduction, While ethanol golden shower extract reduced 65.5%of black rat, <em>Rattus rattus rattus</em> population, while the water extract gave the lowest value.(9.7%).Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401SOME OF BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY THEOPHYLLINE AND FUROSEMIDE IN THE LAND SNAIL, Monacha obstructa4294378645110.21608/jppp.2011.86451ENFatma K.KhidrPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center Dokki, Giza , Egypt .A. A. M.Abo –HashemPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center Dokki, Giza , Egypt .T. M. S.KeshtaPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center Dokki, Giza , Egypt .Samah M. A.IsmailPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center Dokki, Giza , Egypt .Journal Article20200502The biochemical effects of two compounds i.e. theophylline and furosemide were studied on the glassy clover snail <em>Monacha obstructa.</em> Animals were treated with sub-lethal concentration (¼ LC<sub>50</sub>) of each tested compound using contact (thin film) technique. Some biochemical parameters were measures at different periods after treatment.
Results showed that the two tested compounds gradually reduced the activity of aspartate amino transferase (AST) and peroxidase enzymes with the prolongation of periods after treatment, while the contrary occurred with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as both compounds enhanced its activity proportionally than control. Concerning lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), results showed severe reduction in its level after 1, 2, 3 and 4 days post-treatment. Also catalase enzyme took adverse way as its activity increased in the 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> days for both compounds. On the other hand, levels of the total protein and total lipid were significantly or insignificantly decreased post-treatment with the two tested compoundsMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401USING OF OLIVE PROCESSING WASTES FOR WEED CONTROL4394478647410.21608/jppp.2011.86474ENM. A.MohamedPlant Protection Dept., Desert Res. Center, El Matareya, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200502The herbicidal effect of Solid Olive processing waste (SOPW) on some weed species in sunflower and wheat was investigated under greenhouse conditions at DesertResearchCenter – Cairo, Egypt, between 2010 and 2011. Solid Olive processing waste (SOPW) placed in pots (25 cm×18 cm×10 cm) in doses of 0, 3, 4.5 and 6 kg/ m<sup>2</sup>, these doses were mixed into soil (0-10 cm depth). In this experiment, 25 seeds each of Mallow (<em>Malava sylvestris</em>), Purslane (<em>Portulaca oleracea</em>), Phalaris (<em>Phalaris minor</em>) and Barnyard grass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>) besides to ten seeds of sunflower or wheat were sown in pots.
Seedlings of both weeds and crop plants were counted in order to assess the effects of Solid Olive processing waste (SOPW) on weed species and crops plant growth.
The results showed that SOPW reduction in total weed species with sunflower by 76.10, 78.70, 64.50 and 65.80 % & 96.10, 95.30, 83.50 and 85.20 % atdoses of 4.5 and 6 kg/ m<sup>2</sup>, with all weeds above, respectively. Also with wheat crop, the percentage weeds controlwere84.3, 79.5, 74.2 and 71.8 % & 96.6, 94.6, 84.7 and 82.5 % with same doses and weed species, respectively.
Solid Olive processing waste showed no toxic effects on sunflower, while wheat was affected in the initial stage but no adverse effect was detected at another growth stages.
The herbicidal effect of Olive processing waste may be considered as an safe alternative instead of chemical control which pollute the environment in some important summer crops (sunflower) and for weeds control in winter wheat.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401INTEGRATED CONTROL OF NARROW AND BROAD WEEDS FOR CORN UNDER SIWA OASES CONDITIONS4494618647610.21608/jppp.2011.86476ENM. A.MohamedPlant Protection Dept., Desert Res. Center, El Matareya, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200502<strong> </strong>Two field experiments were conducted in Tegzerte, Siwa Research Station, Desert Research Center during summer seasonns of 2003 and 2004 to study the influence of combinations of interrow tillage (tilled or none), row width (35 or 70cm.), cover crops (<em>Medicago sativa</em> or <em>Sorghum bicolor</em>) and herbicide (Glyphosate or none) on <em>Zea mays</em> weed control and yield of maize.
Post emergence Glyphosate-resistant <em>Zea mays</em> applied at the seven-to eight-leaf maize growth stage as a post emergence. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 20 treatments and three replications.
The sequencing process of interrow tillage, narrow rows and <em>Medicago sativa</em> cover crop are the preferable practices that were used in maize early season weed suppression prior to the post-emergence Glyphosate application<strong>. </strong>In the case ofindividual factorwas the cover crops followed by interrow tillage. The best impact of marital factor in this case was the combination between interrow tillage and <em>Medicago sativa</em> cover crop. Best result, occurred at treatment combinations in the late season weed control was combining between Glyphosate herbicide, narrow rows and interrow tillage. In the case of individual and marital factor were Glyphosate and combination between Glyphosate plus narrow rows are the best, respectively.
Interrow tillage, narrow rows, <em>Medicago sativa</em> cover crop and Glyphosate herbicide are important weed management practices that can be integrated into full <em>Z. mays</em> production season. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401ALLELOPATHIC CAPABILITY OF SOME PLANT FAMILIES ON SAFE WEED CONTROL IN CERTAIN CROPS4634738647710.21608/jppp.2011.86477ENM. A.MohamedPlant Protection Dept., Desert Res. Center, El Matareya, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200502Some plant families (Fabaceae,Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, Solenaceae, Cucurbitaceae....) have different allelopathic capability to produce and exude allelochemicals into their environments to suppress the growth of annual weeds in their surrounding area. In this study, wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.), corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) and their associated annual weeds were exposed to the allelochemicals arised from their previousing crops during the crop rotation. The summer crops prior to wheat were maize, sorghum, panicum, alfalfa, cowpea, sunflower. While the winter crops prior to maize were safflower, barley, canola, rye, oat, wheat, respectively. For this target two field experiments were conducted at Maryout Experimental Station, DesertResearchCenter during 2003-2005 winter and summer seasons.
Weed species associated to wheat exhibited substantial significant reduction in its fresh and dry weights as a result of growing wheat subsequent to maize, sorghum, alfalfa, sunflower, panicum and cowpea, respectively. Wheatgrain yield and biological yield showed significant increases with the same species order after the decomposition period of crop residues. .
The fresh and dry weights of weed species associated to maize were reduced significantly by sowing maize subsequent to wheat, barley, oat, rye and safflower, respectively. Maize grain yield and biological yield showed significant increases with the same species order, respectively. The families of Poaceae and Fabaceae was the best families that were used before wheat and maize in control of annual weeds associated with crops compared to other families.
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This work aimed to study the allelopathic capability of some plant families that precede each of wheat or maize in the agricultural cycle, to control the annual weeds associated to wheat or maize and same time to increase their growth and productivityMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME PLANT POWDERS AND BIOINSECTICIDES AGAINST Phthorimaea operculella (ZELLER.) (LEPIDOPTERA : GELECHIIDAE) ON SOME POTATO CULTIVARS4754808648010.21608/jppp.2011.86480ENNeama A.Abd El-HamedFaculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University.H. S.ShaalanPlant Protection Research Institute, (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Farha H. H.FargallaPlant Protection Research Institute, (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200502Experiment was carried out in laboratory at Vegetable Research Pests Department, Plant Protection, Research Institute, to evaluate the effect of seeds of Black pepper (<em>Piper nigrum</em>), Clovers flower (<em>Syzygium arematicum</em>) and Santonica flower ( <em>Matricaria chamomillia</em> ) against <em>Phthorimaea operculella</em> larvae at three concentrations,(7.5; 15.0; 30.0 gm.) on three potato tuber cultivars (Roseate; Herms and Mondial cultivars ) compared with the bioinsecticide protecto (10 % W.P.).
The results demonstrated that the cloves flower powder was the most <br /> effective against larvae of <em>P. operculella</em>, followed by santonica flower powder and black pepper seed powder, while protecto was the most effective compound which caused larval mortality of 90.7; 93.3 and 93.5 %, after two weeks on three potato tuber cultivars <br /> Roseate; Herms and Mondial, respectively. Also the data indicated that larval <br /> mortality of the potato tuber moth with the three powders was increased by<br /> increasing the concentrations . However the tested materials showed a significant effect in increasing the mortality rate of larvae of the tested insects on the three <br /> potato cultivars. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401CONTROLLING OF TOMATO EARLY BLIGHT DISEASE USING SOME OF BIOTIC AND A BIOTIC AGENTS4815008648310.21608/jppp.2011.86483ENMahmoud MAtiaDepartment of plant pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig UniversityAmal A. M.AhmedAgric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200502Tomato (<em>Lycopersicon esculentum </em>Mill.) early blight caused by <em>Alternaria solani</em> is one of the most important economic diseases, which causing considerable loss in their yield and quality. <em>Trichoderma viride</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilus</em> and actinomycetesisolate A were the most effective bioagents on decreasing linear growth of <em>A. solani</em>. All bioagents tested reduced disease incidence using detached leaf and/or intact leaf techniques, when treated 2 and 7 days before inoculation with the pathogen. <em>T. harizanum</em> was the most effective isolate on reducing percentage of disease protection 2 and 7 days before inoculation (96.57 and 89.84) followed by <em>T. viride</em> (92.65 and 83.77%)then <em>B. subtilus</em> (83.34 and 66.89) using detached leaf. The same trend was obtained in case intact leaf, <em>T. harizanum</em> was the most effective isolate on reducing disease severity, percentage of disease and increase percentage of protection 2 and 7 days before inoculation (16.44 and 58.62 and 38.28 at two days and 22.26, 62.43 and 35.17 afeter 7 days) followed by B<em>. subtilus</em> then <em>T. viride. </em>Generally bioagents tested were most effective using detached leaf than intact leaf.
<em>In vitro </em>experiments, chitosan and salicylic acid (SA) 4% were the effective concentrations on reducing growth of <em>A. solani</em> (84.44 and 67.77 %) and reducing spores germination (55.31 and 81.56 %). All the tested concentrations of chitosan and SA as inducer of resistance in tomato plants, which reduced number and diameter of lesion as well as percentage of disease and increase percentage of protection 7 days after treatment using detached and intact leaf techniques. Both water and ethanol extracts of garlic were the most effective on inhibition the mycelial growth, spore germination and disease parameters using detached and intact leaf techniques, followed by ginger extract.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON POPULATION DENISTY OF LAND SNAILS INFESTING SOME CROPS AND THEIR DAMAGE QUESSNA DISTRICT (MINUFYA GOVERNORATE).5015088648510.21608/jppp.2011.86485ENA. A.AsranPlant protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, EgyptT. M. S.KeshtaPlant protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, EgyptM. M.MortadaPlant protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, EgyptFatma K.KhiderPlant protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, EgyptJournal Article20200502<strong> </strong>This study was conducted under field conditions at Quessna district, Monufya Governorate during two successive seasons 2009 and 2010. The present work aimed to throw light on the effect of climatic factors temperature degree and relative humidity on land snails population and their damage to some stand crops( Clover, Lettuce and Navel orange ).
<strong>The obtained results could be summarized as follows:-</strong>
1)-<em> Monacha cartusiana</em> (Muller) and <em>Eobania vermiculata</em> (Muller) were only observed infesting Clover, Lettuce and Navel orange during the experimental period. Also, the the ecological studies indicated that <em>M. cartusiana</em> was found in abundance on Clover and Lettuce both, meanwhile Navel orange had <em>E. vemiculata</em> more than the another, snail.
2) - Clover was the most attractive to <em>M. cartusiana</em> followed by Lettuce and Navel orange, whereas, the last crop was the most attractive to <em>E. vermaculata</em> than Clover and Lettuce.
3)- The land snails population was fluctuated during the experimental crop life from month to month due to variations in temperature degree and relative humidity. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between snail population and the relative humidity , meanwhile it is negative with the temperature degree. The highest population (115.5 individuals) was recorded in February (16 C &59.9 % R.H.) and the lowest one (33 individuals) in May (29 C & 54.7% R.H.).
4)- The obtained results showed that the highest infestation of land snails (0.89%, 0.83% and 0.64%) and the lowest (0.45%, 0.49% and 0.19%) for Clover, Lettuce and Navel orange were recorded in March (18.6C & 59.7% R.H.)and in May (29 C & 54.7% R.H.), respectively.
5)- The obtained results proved that the most suitable geographical conditions to increase the population of land snails are low temperature degree and height relative humidity. Also, it is added that, there is a positive correlation between population of land snails and their damage to the three tested crops.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401INFLUENCE OF PREDATOR AND PREY DENSITIES ON LARVAL CANNIBALISM IN LADYBEETLE, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS5095178648710.21608/jppp.2011.86487ENA. H.Abdel-SalamEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., Mans. 35516, Egypt.Hala A. K.El-SerafiEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., Mans. 35516, Egypt.M. E.El-NaggarPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of AgricultureSara S.Abo ElsoudPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of AgricultureJournal Article20200502Influence of predator and prey densities on larval cannibalism in aphidophagous, <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata </em>L.was studied under laboratory conditions.<br /> Cannibalism increased with reduced food availability. In the absence of prey, there was a significant differences of larval cannibalism and recorded the highest rate of cannibalism. Cannibalism rate also increased with an increase in larval density of predator. The high rate of cannibalism was recorded at high larval density. Third and fourth levels of density of predator(9 and 12 larvae/ unit) had the highest cannibalism rate in the first instar at the first aphid density (25aphids/unit). There were significant differences between larval densities of the four larval instars of <em>C. undecimpunctata</em>. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES AND PLANTING DATES ON THE MAIN PESTS INFESTING KIDNEY BEANS.5195318648910.21608/jppp.2011.86489ENS. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Dept., Fact Agric., Mans. Univ., Egypt.L M.ShanabEconomic Entomology Dept., Fact Agric., Mans. Univ., Egypt.M. E.El-NaggarPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Samia M.Abo-ZeidPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200502Filed studies were carried out at Quesna, Menufyia governorate during two successive seasons 2009 and 2010 in summer plantation and late summer plantation. The highest average number of <em>Aphis craccivora</em> (koch.) in the two plantations during the two successive seasons was recorded on Gomi variety (96.14±19.16) followed by Paulista variety (93.44±19.79), while, the lowest average number was on Samantha variety (62.98±13.25).Nebraska variety had (68.36±13.18) nymphs/ 50 leaflets.
With respect to the white fly <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Genn.) the highest average number in the two plantations during the two successive seasons was recorded on Nebraska variety (33.70±7.37) followed by Gomi variety (30.22±7.27). On the other hand, the lowest average number, on Samantha variety (17.85±3.77) Paulista variety had (20.26±3.78 ind. / 50 leaflets).
Regarding to the potato leafhopper <em>Empoasca discipiens</em> Poali, the highest average number of the two plantations during the two successive seasons was recorded on Nebrasca variety (36.06±15.41) followed by Gomi variety (33.75±14.80) and Samantha variety (31.51±14.43). While, the lowest average number was found on Paulista variety (25.32±11.63).On the other hand, Cerdon variety harboured (26.62±11.67) and Giza 6 variety (27.92±12.17 nymphs / 50 leaflets).
Results showed that the highest average number of <em>Liriomyza trifolii</em> (Burgess) was recorded on Cerdon variety (43.33±18.17) followed by Nebraska variety (40.45±17.70). While, the lowest average number was recoded on Gomi variety (28.60±11.70). Giza6 variety sheltered (29.96±12.26 larvae /50 leaflets).
The results indicated that the highest average number of <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> (Koch.) in the two plantations during the two successive seasons 2009 and 2010 was recorded on Gomi variety (21.44±4.81) followed by Paulista variety (17.78±2.79) and Nebraska variety (16.56±2.82); Cerdon variety (15.77±2.55) and Giza 6 variety (14.45±1.96). While Samantha variety harboured the lowest number (12.19±2.71) individuals of <em>T. urticae</em> during the two seasons of study.
Statistical analysis revealed that there are significant difference (p<0.01) between the different kidney bean varieties during seasons and plantations according to the average number of the tested pests,<em> A. craccivora</em>, <em>B. tabaci,</em> <em>E. discipiens, L. trifolii </em>and<em> T. urticae.</em>
Results showed that late summer plantation of kidney bean during the two successive seasons 2009 and 2010 showed the highest average number of the aphids <em>A. craccivora</em> (106.25±5.21 and 115.13±10.02 nymphs/50 leaflets ) and the serepentine leaf miner <em>L. trifolii</em> (23.86±2.26 and 78.40±5.68 larvae/50 leaflet), respectively. On the other hand, summer plantation of kidney bean during the two seasons sheltered the highest average number of the white fly <em>B. tabaci</em> (29.01±2.34 and 38.00±4.63 ind./ 50 leaflets) and potato leafhopper <em>E. discipiens</em> (46.57±2.21 and 59.07±3.72 nymphs/50 leaflets), respectively. Moreover, the red spider mite<em> T. urtica</em>e reached the highest average number in late summer plantation during season 2009 which represented by 23.05±2.83 ind. /50 leaflets<strong><em>. </em></strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36772420110401EFFICIENCY OF CONVENTIONAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL INSECTICIDE ON THE MAIN PESTS ATTACKING KIDNEY BEAN PLANTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SOME CROP PARAMETERS5335428649210.21608/jppp.2011.86492ENS. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., Egypt.L. MShanabEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. Agric., Mans. Univ., Egypt.M. E.El-NaggarPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.A. M.TahaPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Samia M.Abo-ZeidPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200502Experiments were carried out at Quesna, Menufyia governorate during season 2010 in summer plantation to evaluate the efficiency of conventional insecticide Sumithion (50 EC) or Fenitrothion and non-conventional insecticide against the main pests attacking kidney bean.
Regarding to the conventional insecticide Sumithion exhibited a high efficiency against <em>Aphis craccivora</em> (koch.) population with the highest percentage of reduction (83.4%) after two days from treatment, while the non- conventional insecticide liquid sulfur 30% caused the highest percentage of reduction 77.1 and 83.1% after 5 and 7 days from treatment.
With respect to the conventional insecticide Sumithion exhibited a high efficiency against <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Genn.) population with the highest percentage of reduction (93.7%) after two days from treatment, while the non- conventional insecticide Mineral oil and liquid sulfur 30% caused the highest percentage of reduction 85.0 and 84.5% after 5 and 7 days from treatment, respectively.
Results showed that, the conventional insecticide Sumithion exhibited a high efficiency against <em>Emposca discipiens</em> Poali population with the highest percentage of reduction (82.1%) after two days from treatment, while the conventional insecticide Sumithion and non- conventional Orange oil caused the highest percentage of reduction 53.8 and 60.5% after 5 days and 7 days from treatment, respectively.
In addition, the results revealed that, the conventional insecticide Sumithion exhibited a high efficiency against <em>Liriomyza trifolii</em> (Burgess) population with the highest percentage of reduction (75.5%) after two days from treatment, while the conventional insecticide Sumithion and non- conventional Liquid sulfur 30% caused the highest percentage of reduction 64.1 and 47.8% after 5 and 7 days from treatment, respectively.
The obtained results indicated that, the non- conventional insecticide Mineral oil exhibited a high efficiency against <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> (Koch.) population with the highest percentage of reduction 87.2% after two days from treatment, while the non- conventional insecticide Liquid sulfur 30% caused the highest percentage of reduction 76.8 and 81.8% after 5 and 7 days from treatment, respectively.
Regarding to the kidney bean crop parameters, the conventional insecticide Sumithion exhibited a high efficiency against the main pests on kidney bean, as a highest mean length of plants, the highest mean number of podes/ plant, the highest number of seeds/ pode and the highest mean weight of 100 seeds. On the other hand, the non-conventional pesticides Liquid Sulfur, Mineral oil, Orange oil and Bio-fly exhibited intermediate efficiency against the main pests on kidney bean with respect to the aforementioned parameters of the crop.