Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367721120111101THERMAL AND PHOTODECOMPOSITION OF FENITROTHION AND MALATHION INSECTICIDES9199248662310.21608/jppp.2011.86623ENA. A.MahmoudCentral Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in FoodJournal Article20200503The effect of exposure to heat, UV-rays and sunlight on the degradation of fenitrothion and malathion were studied. It was found that fenitrothion insecticide residues was more persistence than malathion insecticide residues and both showed progressive loss as temperature and prolongation of exposure period increased, this indicates that the interval between successive sprays should be shorter at high temperature and vice versa. Photodegradation with UV-rays was positively correlated with exposure period and chemical structure of insecticide, malathion
degraded faster than fenitrothion in this respect. Sunlight was more effective than UV-rays in accelerating the photodecomposition of fenitrothion and malathion residues. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367721120111101EFFECT OF CERTAIN ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON POPULATION DENSITY OF Thrips tabaci LIND. ATTACKING ONION CROP9259308662410.21608/jppp.2011.86624ENNeama A.Abd El-HameedDepartment of Zoology ,Faculty of Science, AlAzhar UniversityM. F.HaydarPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, GizaMarwa M.MousaPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, GizaJournal Article20200503Changes in the seasonal population of <em>Thrips tabaci</em> lind. attacking onion crop and the effect of environmental factors were studied throughout (2006/2007&2007/2008) onion growing seasons .it appeared in few numbers by the 2<sup>nd</sup> week of February . Dynamics of the nymphal stage showed increase steadily after half of February until end of March , and highest decrease in population density of thrips was recorded at temperature 24.52 and relative humidity 69 in thrips populations. The values of correlation coefficient infer that infestation and degree days are highly correlated . The simple regression value (b) indicate that for every 1.0 temperature increase in degree days there are 3.5 individual increased and so on.
In onion growing season after rain falls population of <em>T. tabaci </em>decreased.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367721120111101Xanthomonas oryzae PV. Oryzae IN EGYPT: IDENTIFICATION, VIRULENCE OF ISOLATES AND CULTIVARS REACTION.9319468662510.21608/jppp.2011.86625ENI. H. M.TolbaPlant Pathology Branch, Dept. Agric. Botany, Fac. Agric., Al Azhar Univ., Cairo, Egypt.R. I.El-SharkawyPlant Pathology Branch, Dept. Agric. Botany, Fac. Agric., Al Azhar Univ., Assuit, Egypt.Journal Article20200503Nine isolates of <em>Xanthomonas oryzae </em>pv. <em>oryzae </em>were isolated from symptomatic rice leaf samples collected from different rice-producing areas at Damietta governorate in Egypt during 2009 growing season. The isolates were identified on the basis of morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. The identity of these isolates were confirmed by the Biolog system and pathogenicity test. Virulence of isolates and cultivars reactions were investigated under experimental conditions. The abilities of isolates to cause lesions with different lengths across the cultivars Giza 176 and Sakha 101were interpreted as virulence. Although typical bacterial blight symptoms were visible for all isolates on the two cultivars, diversity in virulence was observed among isolates. Isolates that were consistently associated with high or low virulence were statistically differentiated. Eleven Egyptian rice cultivars were inoculated by two isolates of<em> X. oryzae </em>pv. <em>oryzae</em> to identify the resistance response to this pathogen. Among tested cultivars, no resistant cultivars were found. According to used scale, all cultivars ranged from moderately susceptible to susceptible. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367721120111101SURVEY OF THE MOST LEPIDOPTEROUS MOTHS ATTRACTED TO A LIGHT-TRAP AT TWO REGIONS IN EGYPT9479568662610.21608/jppp.2011.86626ENA. A.El- SaeadyDept. of Plant Protection. Fac. Of Agric. Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo. Egypt.S. M.El-AwadyDept. of Plant Protection. Fac. Of Agric. Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo. Egypt.M. A.MahmoudDept. of Plant Protection. Fac. Of Agric. Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo. Egypt.M. A.BadrPlant Protection. Res. Inst., Agric., Res. Center, Dokki, Egypt.M. M. M. E.MegahedDept. of Plant Protection. Fac. Of Agric. Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo. Egypt.Journal Article20200503Thirty-nine species belonged to eleven families were trapped in Nasr city (Cairo). The total numbers of trapped moths throughout the two years (2007&2008) were 23340 specimens. The total numbers of moths were 12646 individuals during the first year, while it was lower in the second year (10694 moths).
Fourty-five species belonging to eleven lepidopterous families were recorded in Motobas region. The total numbers of moths during two years were 26483 moths. The total numbers of moths during the first year were 13680 moths and 12803 moths during the second year.
Family Noctuidae was the most abundant family in both number of species (16 and 19 species) and number of individuals, 9578 moths representing 41.04% and 13868 moths constituting 52.37% of the total Lepidopterous catch in Nasr city and Motobas respectively.
<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> was the most abundant species, in all families in both regions. Individuals of this species (3878 moths represented 16.62% and 5759 moths represented 21.75% of the total lepidopterous catch in Nasr city and Motobas respectively. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367721120111101MULTIRESIDUE ANALYSIS OF 79 PESTICIDES IN STRAWBERRY, GREEN BEAN PODS, GRAPES AND PEACH FRUITS BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION (SPE) AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY9579728662710.21608/jppp.2011.86627ENDalia A.BarakatEconomic Entomolgy and Pesticides Dept., Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ.S. A.El-MahyEconomic Entomolgy and Pesticides Dept., Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ.M. A.ElSaidCentral Agric., Pesticide Laboratory, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, GizaDalia E.El-HefniCentral Agric., Pesticide Laboratory, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, GizaJournal Article20200503Five solvents (n-pentane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ethanol and iso propanol) were tested for extraction of six pesticides (lufenuron, chlorfenapyr, penconazole, diniconazole, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin) from strawberry, green bean pods, grapes and peach. Pentane gave the cleanest extracts in comparison with the used solvents, thus it was used in the extraction of tested pesticides from the samples. Clean up using C<sub>18</sub> cartridge resulted in higher recovery than using silica gel and florisil cartridges.
A fast and easy multiresidue analytical method is presented for identifying and inspecting 79 pesticide residues, including organochlorine, organophosphate, synthetic pyrethroids and other pesticides in fruits and vegetables. Pesticide residues were extracted from samples with pentane followed by solid phase extraction. C<sub>18</sub> cartridge was chosen for further clean-up of the extract and elution with pentane and ethyl acetate. Sixty-two and 17 pesticides were determined, by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and a flame photometric detector (GC-FPD), respectively. The recovery rates for most pesticides in various fruits and vegetables were 80-109% with relative standard deviations < 9%.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367721120111101EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIODS ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF Chrysoperla carnea (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) REARED ON COWPEA APHID, Aphis craccivora KOCH9739798662810.21608/jppp.2011.86628ENA. A.El-SaeadyEconomic Entomology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al- Azhar Univ.I. L.IbrahimEconomic Entomology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al- Azhar Univ.S. A.HammadEconomic Entomology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al- Azhar Univ.S. S.Abd El FattahEconomic Entomology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al- Azhar Univ.Journal Article20200503Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of three constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30<sup>o</sup>C) and the influence of three photoperiods (14/10, 12/12 and 10/14 h. L/D) on the larval, pupal duration period and predation capacity of <em>Chrysoperla carnea </em>reared on <em>Aphis carccivora. </em>
In the 1<sup>st</sup> experiment the obtained results showed that increasing of temperature resulted in decreasing in both larval and pupal durations period and reducing in the total numbers of consumed preys (<em>A. carccivora</em>).
Results obtained in the 2<sup>nd</sup> experiment proved that the long larval duration was at long photoperiod 14/10 h. L/D). To the contrary, the highest numberd of consumed prey by <em>C. carneu</em> was achieved under short day (10/14 h. L/D). Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367721120111101ESTIMATION OF THE CHEMICAL CONTENT OF THE SYRIAN TRUFFLES (Tuber brumale vittadini) AND STUDY THEIR EFFECT ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS AND SOME ORGANS OF THE DIABETIC SWISS ALBINO MICE98110038663010.21608/jppp.2011.86630ENNajat A.Al AbbadNutrition and Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric. and Food Sci., King Faisal Univ., Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia.Eman A.MoussaZoology Dept., Fac. Sci., Kafrelsheikh Univ., Kafrelsheikh, EgyptJournal Article20200503The present study will give us deeper insights on the Syrian truffles which are one of the miracle of nature. Some components of Syrian truffle (<em>Tuber brumale vittadini</em>) were estimated in terms of<strong>nutritional value.</strong> <strong>The effects </strong>of Syrian truffle (ST) on the normal and onset of alloxan-induced diabetes in male Swiss albino mice were examined. It was observed that the mouse given orally extract of ST (10 ppm for 12 weeks) showed a significant decrease in the blood glucose level <strong>and </strong>glycosylatedhemoglobin A1c of diabetic mice induced by intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan (50 mg/ kg, <em>i.p</em>.) <strong>and significantly improved the glucose tolerance test</strong>. <em>Tuber brumale vittadini</em> may normalize blood AST, ALT, creatinine and cholesterol in alloxan induced-diabetic group. Histolochemical examinations were also done on liver and kidney. Oral administration of 10 ppm ST extract,3 times weekly for 12 weeks of alloxan diabetic mice showed decrease in collagen fibers in liver and kidney tissues and increase in liver glycogen content whereas decreased glycogen in the kidney as compared with the control group. These findings revealed that extract of ST may have a potential benefit in the treatment of diabetes, play a role in its modulatinghepatic and renal structural changes in diabetic Swiss albino mice and may reduces the risk of diabetic complications<strong>. </strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367721120111101THE STATUS OF PYRETHROID RESISTANCE IN FIELD-COLLECTED STRAINS OF THE Spodoptera littoralis AND ROLE OF PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE.100510148663110.21608/jppp.2011.86631ENHanan S. T.DiabCentral Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200503Piperonyl butoxide, or PBO as it is most often called, is a pesticide synergist. A synergist is another chemical that is added to a pesticide product, in addition to the active and inert ingredients, to increase the potency of the active ingredient. Development of insecticide resistance has been a challenging problem for unlimited time and new solutions are yet to emerge. The use of synergist with the insecticide is thought to play a key role in reducing the resistance levels. The availability of a synergist was important because there were limited supplies of Pyrethroid available. Present study demonstrates the efficacy of PBO with pyrethroid insecticides available for controlling <em>Spodoptera sp.</em> Generally the 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae from 4 agriculture region were collected; bioassay technique and toxicity lines were achieved. Data obtaind showed that PBO were mostly effective to synergy any of those insecticides tested in all regions except for esfenvalerate and α -cypermethrin in Fayoum and fenvalerate in Sharkia. Evenly all insecticide were 99% suppressed in resistance levels except for α -cypermethrin in Fayoum was 80%. This suggests that when Organophosphorus appears to be not effective rapidly and the pest becomes highly resistance the use of pyrethroids always then needed. Subsequently when the pest developed resistance towards pyrethroids then piperonyle butoxide may have stop pyrethroid resistance when it happened. But when piperonyl butoxide becomes ineffective, we can try to use OP’s compounds again.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367721120111101DETECTING THE PREDATORY INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE COTTON APHID, Aphis gossypii GLOV. WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PREDATOR Coccinella undecimpunctata L. AT KAFR EL-SHEIKH REGION101510228663210.21608/jppp.2011.86632ENI. A.KhodierEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ.A. S.El-KhodaryEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ.Asmhan E.YousefEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ.Mohsena R.MansourEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ.Journal Article20200503This experiment was carried out at the Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during the two successive seasons 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the role of insect predators of <em>Aphis gossypii</em> Glov. in cotton fields. The following predators were considerd during thecurrent resarch: <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata </em>(L.), <em>Cydonia vicina isis, Cydonia vicina nilotica, Scymnus interruptus, Paederus alfierii, Chrysoperla carnea, Syrphus </em>spp. and <em>Orius </em>spp.
Results indicated that <em>P. alfierii </em>was recorded with the highest numbers followed by <em>C. undecimpunctata</em>.,<em> Syrphus </em>spp., <em>Sc. interruptus, Orius </em>sp. and <em>Ch. carnea</em> (1452,1256, 1181, 1141, 1135, 1059 indiv/60 leaves). The associated predators were more in 2006 season than 2007 season.
Population fluctuation of the cotton aphid, <em>A. gossypii</em> and the predator <em>C. undecimpunctata</em> were monitored on cotton plants during the two successive cotton seasons 2006 and 2007. The average number of the collected aphids in the second season were higher than those obtained during the first season; 29760 and 28755 indv./20 plants, respectively.
Some biological aspects of <em>C. undecimpunctata </em>were also studied as reared on <em>A. gossypii</em>. The larval stage of <em>C. undecimpunctata</em> was completed in four instars that collectively lasted 9.40 days. Adult female longevity averaged 59.00 days. However, the male longevity took a shorter period (49.60 days). One female deposited 441.59 eggs during the oviposition period with a daily average of 11.56 egg/female. The preoviposition period took 8.8 days, oviposition 38.20 days, and the post oviposition 5.60 days Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367721120111101INFLUENCE OF PREY TYPES ON CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Hippodamia tridecimpunctata L. UNDER CONSTANT TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY.102310358663310.21608/jppp.2011.86633ENNadia E.MohamedPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki Giza, Egypt.A. A.GhanimEconomic Entomology Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura University, Egypt.A. A.SalehPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200503Laboratory experiments were carried out to study certain biological characteristics of the coccinellid predator, <em>Hippodamia tridecimpunctata</em> L. when reared on the following aphid species; <em>Sitobion avenae</em> Fabr.; <em>Rhopalosiphum maidis</em> (Fitch); <em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em> (Harris) and <em>Aphis gossypii </em>Glover under constant temperature and relative humidity.
The data revealed that the total developmental time from egg hatching to adult eclosion of the coccinellid predator was differed significantly when reared on the four tested aphid species. Mortality percentage of <em>H. tridecimpunctata</em> from egg hatching to adult emergence ranged from 4.98 % when fed on <em>A. pisum</em> to 9.05% on <em>S. avenae</em>.
Based on statistical analysis, the mortality percentage showed significant difference among the four aphid species. The total consumption rate per <em>H. tridecimpunctata</em> larva from the four aphid species were 695.80±10.75; 781.83±15.68; 612.50±9.55 and 894.53±11.61 aphid individuals when reared on <em>S. avenae</em> ; <em>R. maidis</em> ; <em>A. pisum</em> and <em>A. gossypii</em>, respectively. The average number of aphids consumed per larva for the coccinellid predator was also significantly different.
The aphid species have a significant effect on the longevity of adult stage of the coccinellid predator and the fecundity of this female. The average number of eggs deposited per <em>H. tridecimpunctata</em> female was 948.29±15.76; 815.67±7.68; 989.54±16.11 and 728.54±6.85 eggs when reared on <em>S. avenae</em> ; <em>R. maidis</em>; <em>A. pisum</em> and <em>A. gossypii</em>, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the aphid species have a highly significant effect on the female fecundity. It can be recommended that the coccinellid predator used as biological control agents against the four aphid species tested. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367721120111101CONTROL OF SUGAR BEET LEAF SPOT DISEASE CAUSED BY THE FUNGUS Cercospora beticola (Sacc)103710478663410.21608/jppp.2011.86634ENS. M.El-MoghazyPlant Pathology Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Cairo EgyptG. A.El-kotAgric. Botany Dept., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, EgyptAmany M.HamzaPesticides Dept., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, EgyptJournal Article20200503In an attempt to control sugar beet leaf spot caused by <em>Cercospora beticola</em> with certain chemicals i.e. copper sulphate, magnesium sulphate, potassium oxide, calcium+ magnesium as well as by biological (<em>Trichoderma album</em> [Bio-Zeid] and <em>Bacillus megaterium</em> [Bio-Arc]) treatments beside two fungicides i.e. difenconazole [Secore] and tetraconazole [Eminent] which were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Also, the effect of the tested treatments on some sugar beet characteristics eg. leaf dry weight, root fresh weight, soluble solid content, sucrose content and purity of sugar was investigated. Results indicated that all tested treatments were effective against the causal fungus as indicated by disease severity and sugar beet yield characters. The fungicide tetraconazole was the most effective treatment against the disease, however,the two tested biocontrol agents showed considerable efficacy. The moderate efficacy of the tested biocontrol agents relative to fungicides suggested an integrated approach towards <em>C. beticola</em>, preferring the application of the fungicide in the first phase of the disease, where as application of either <em>Bacillus </em>or <em>Trichoderma</em>-based formulations in the later phases. The spray of calcium, magnesium or potassium against<em> Cercospora beticola</em> suggested the ability of using such chemicals for controlling the disease either alone or mixed with the fungicides to reduce the applied amount of fungicides.