Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367711120101101A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN SOME PREDATORY MITE SPECIES OF PHYTOSEIID MITES TO DETERMINE ITS ABILITY TO SURVIVE WITH OR WITHOUT WATER8458528694910.21608/jppp.2010.86949ENA. A.AbdallahAgric. Zoology and Nematology Dept. Fac. Agric., Al – Azhar Univ.H. M.G.El-KawasPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Dokki, EgyptJournal Article20200505The three different life styles phytoseiid predatory mite species, <em>Phytoseiulus macropilis </em>(Banks)<em>, Amblyseius californicus</em> (McGregor) and <em>A. cucumeris</em> (Oudemans) were observedto investigate their ability to survive without food, young females were caged individually in the absence of prey, either with or without water.
In general, the female survival time with water was four to six and half times as long as the survival times without water regardless of the species. In the survival experiment without water, <em>P. macropilis </em>and <em>A. cucumeris</em> both lived shorter than <em>A. californicus</em>. In the survival experiment with water, <em>A. californicus</em> lived nearly 2 times longer than <em>P. macropilis </em>or <em>A. cucumeris</em>. <em>Amblyseius californicus</em> females showed a strong capacity to survive without food, which could be an important factor contributing to the persistence of <em>A. californicus</em> in comparison to other phytoseiids.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367711120101101EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT PREDATORY PHYTOSEIID MITE SPECIES ALONE OR COMBINATION IN CHECKING THE TWO SPIDER MITE Tetranychus urticae KOCH UNDER LABORATORY CONDITION8538678695010.21608/jppp.2010.86950ENA. A.AbdallahAgric. Zoology and Nematology Dept. Fac. Agric., Al – Azhar Univ.Journal Article20200505The suppression of spider mite, <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> Koch populations by three different life styles phytoseiid predatory mite species, <em>Phytoseiulus macropilis </em>(Banks)<em>, Amblyseius californicus</em> (McGregor) and <em>A. cucumeris</em> (Oudemans) was examinedto investigate their efficiency of each species either single, combined with another or with both species to control the spider mites in the laboratory on a lima bean disc.
The three predatory species showed different consumption capacities of egg and adult prey, egg production, survival of immature stages, progeny reaching adulthood, time to prey extinction and persistence after prey extinction. <em>Phytoseiulus macropilis</em> alone showed the highest number of eggs laid at the first day and prey egg consumption. <em>Amblyseius californicus </em>alone showed the highest daily eggs laid, the highest number of progeny reached adulthood and the longest survival time after the prey extinction. Even though <em>A. cucumeris </em>alone showed the higher number of adult prey consumption on the first day than <em>Amblyseius californicus </em>alone, it recorded the lowest prey egg consumption; number of eggs laid, number of progeny reached adulthood, the longest time for prey extinction and the shortest period of survival after the prey extinction. However, the shortest time required for the complete extinction of the prey population was the combination of <em>P. macropilis</em> with<em> A. californicus </em>except <em>P. macropilis</em> alone.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367711120101101MECHANICAL AND CULTURAL CONTROL METHODS FOR LAND SNAIL Monacha cartusiana (Müller) INHABITING SOME ORCHARDS AT SHARKIA GOVERNORATE8698758695110.21608/jppp.2010.86951ENS. Z. S.ShetaiaPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200505The effect of some mechanical and cultural control methods were evaluated against <em>Monacha cartusiana</em> (Müller)snails under field conditions. Results revealed that ploughing and flattening process gave the highest reduction percentages compared with ploughing only where recorded 68.3% and 41.3% reduction, respectively. The effect of certain barriers such as attractive baits, circles lime and netting wire was investigated under field conditions in lemon and mango orchards. The netting wire was more effective in reducing population density where gave general mean 87.8% compared with 55.4 for circles lime and 40.5% for attractive bait, respectively. Moreover, hand collection was determined as mechanical control methods against such land snails in some orchards. Results show that hand collection gave reduction percentage in the end of the five weeks 22% while general mean was 43.1%. Generally it could be recommended that ploughing and flattening process as cultural control methods gave high reduction in population density of injurious land snail pests. The netting wire and hand collection were the best mechanical control methods in reducingpopulation density<em> M. cartusiana</em> snail in some orchards cultivated with lemon and mango trees. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367711120101101TOXICITY EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC Eucalyptus LEAVES EXTRACT ON WHITE NORWAY RAT, (Rattus norvegicus VAR. ALBUS)8778848695210.21608/jppp.2010.86952ENA. A. M.MouradPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200505The toxic effects of ethanolic camphor leaves extract, <em>Eucalyptus camaldulensis </em>was studied on some biochemical aspects and histopathological studies of white Norway rat, <em>Rattus norvegicus. </em>Results showed that LD<sub>50</sub> values was 131.56 mg/kg b.w. Oral administration of sub-lethal dose (¼ LD<sub>50</sub>) of tested extract caused significant decrease for the body weight at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after administration. In contrast, there were significant increase for the internal organs weight (liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, and intestine) in all cases. Also, the same dose of extract induced a noticeable dysfunction in AST, ALT enzymes, total protein and prothrombin time profile as they significantly increased in plasma after treatment. Also, the effect of ¼ LD<sub>50</sub> of ethanolic camphor leaves extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours on liver of <em>R. norvegicus</em> were studied. The microscopical examination showed that there were injuries in liver tissue at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after administration. Generally, ethanolic camphor leaves extract was toxic to rats and exhibited a higher effect on body weight, internal organs, tested enzyme system and liver tissue of rats.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367711120101101POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF THRIPS, WHITEFLY AND ASSOCIATED PREDATORS IN CABBAGE PLANTATIONS AS INFLUENCED BY WEATHER FACTORS AND TOXIC COMPOUNDS8858978695310.21608/jppp.2010.86953ENSanaa K. M.El- FakharanyPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki , Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200505Field experiments were conducted during two successive cabbage growing seasons (2008/09 and 2009/10( at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. The objective was to study the population fluctuation of thrips, <em>Thrips tabaci</em> Lind., whitefly, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Genn.) and their predators (<em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> and true spiders) in cabbage plantations. The toxicity of Marshal and Bermectine in reducing the population density of <em>T. tabaci </em>and <em>B. tabaci</em> infesting cabbage was evaluated. Also, the side effect of these compounds on <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> and true spiders was assessed. Beside the effect of weather factors (mean temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity). Population fluctuations of <em>T. tabaci</em> reached maximal abundance in March and early April in both seasons .<em>B. tabaci</em> was the earliest insect, among sucking pests, to attack cabbage plants, the population fluctuations reached maximal abundance in September and October in the both seasons. Highest abundance of <em>C. carnea</em> occurred in early November and April in the first season while it occurred in January and February in the second season. In both seasons, the maximum number of true spiders was detected in October and April. Temperature had a highly significant negative effect on thrips infestations, while wind velocity had a highly significant positive correlation with thrips in the first season. Whitefly tended to increase with an increase in the median temperature. True spiders correlated highly significant and negatively with whitelfy in the first season. The joint effect of weathering factors and predators on the populations of thrips and whitefly was higher in first season than in second season. Marshal and Bermectine under field conditions caused reduction in infestation of <em>T. tabaci</em>. The effects of both compounds on whitefly (mature and immature stages) were high to moderate. Concerning the side effects on the predators, Marshal induced moderate effect while Bermectine exhibited a slight effect against <em>C. carnea</em> and true spiders.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367711120101101INSECT PREDATORS ASSOCIATED WITH SCALE INSECTS AND MEALYBUGS ON NAVEL ORANGE TREES AT KAFR EL-SHEIKH AND GHARBIA GOVERNORATES8999088695410.21608/jppp.2010.86954ENI. S.El-HawaryPlant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Tanta Univ.Z. S.FarragPlant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Tanta Univ.A. S.HendawyBiological Control Res. Dept., Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agricultural Res. Center.H. A.AnbarPlant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric., Tanta Univ.F. A.SalemBiological Control Res. Dept., Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agricultural Res. Center.Journal Article20200505Studies were carried out at naval orange orchards, at Kafr El-Sheikh and Gharbia Governorates from April 1<sup>st</sup>, 2005 up to March 15<sup>th</sup>, 2007. The studies aimed to survey the arthropod predators associated with scale insects and mealybugs. The population fluctuations of these predators were monitored. Biweekly samples of arthropods were taken using a cloth bag (75 cm long) that harboured the sampled branch of a tree. The identified predators were six coccinllieds; <em>Chilocorus bipustulatus</em> L., <em>Exochomus flavipes </em>Thumberg, <em>Rodalia cardinalis </em>Mulsant, <em>Nephus includens </em>Kirsch, (=<em>Scymnus includens</em>) <em>Scymnus pallidivestis </em>Mulsant, <em>S. syriacus </em>Marseal; as well as one chrysopid, <em>Chrysoperla carnea </em>Steph. and the true spider, <em>Cheiracanthium jovium </em>Denis. At both locations, the most occurring predators were <em>C. bipustulatus </em>and <em>Scymnus </em>spp., while the lowest one was <em>Exhochomus flavipes</em>. whichpeaked on May 1<sup>st</sup>, June 1<sup>st</sup> and October 15<sup>th</sup>, while <em>Scymnus </em>spp. peaked on mid-April and mid-September. Three peaks were recorded for <em>R. cardinalis </em>at early May, mid-September and mid-December.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367711120101101ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON INSECT PARASITOIDS ATTACKING PINK HIBISCUS MEALYBUG Maconellicoccus hirsutus (GREEN) (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) AT KAFR EL- SHEIKH GOVERNORATE9099208695510.21608/jppp.2010.86955ENA. E.El-SherbeniPlant Protection Dept. (Economic Entomology), Fac. Agric., Tanta Univ.I. S.El-HawaryPlant Protection Dept. (Economic Entomology), Fac. Agric., Tanta Univ.Z. S.FarragPlant Protection Dept. (Economic Entomology), Fac. Agric., Tanta Univ.A. S.HendawyBiological Control Res. Dept., Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. CenterR. E.MashaalPlant Protection Dept. (Economic Entomology), Fac. Agric., Tanta Univ.Journal Article20200505A search for theParasitoids of the pink hibiscus mealybug, <em>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</em>(Green) was conducted at Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate. Two parasitoids were recorded; the first one was<em> Allotropa mercida</em> (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) which was the most abundant with 13.37 and 16.84 % parasitism during 2005/06 - 2006/ 07, while the second one was<em> Anagyrus kamali </em>(Moursi) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with 6.68 and 5.75 % parasitism. The parasitoids were found during a period extending from mid March till early December, and the highest populations of the both parasitoids occurred in September. Both parasitoids,<em> A. kamali</em> and<em> A. mercida</em> population exhibited positive response to the increase of its host population. The effect of temperature and relative humidity on parasitoids was assessed during various seasons. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367711120101101DEVELOPMENT OF FUSARIUM EAR ROT DISEASE OF MAIZE IN THREE DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS9219278695610.21608/jppp.2010.86956ENA. A. A.El-NaggarMaize and Sugar cane Dis. Res. Sec., Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.A. M.SabryMaize and Sugar cane Dis. Res. Sec., Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200505The profile of maize Fusarium ear rot was conducted in three different geographic locations including Gemmeza and Sakha at the Nile delta while the relative humidity (RH) is above 50% and Sids of upper Egypt while RH is less than 50 %. Field experiments were carried out on 31 commercial maize cultivars. Among these cultivars, seven of them were hybrids of partial resistanceagainstFusarium ear rot.Collected data during the two successive growing seasons of 2007 and 2008 showed that the disease severity (DS) was correlated to the relative humidity in the tested locations (4-44% in the Delta while RH was 54-58% and 0.3-12% in upper Egypt while RH was 44-45%). The results also showed that the difference in temperature has no role in disease severity of the disease in the three locations.Results of this study could be used to classify maize growing areas, based solely on environmental variables especially RH, for their propensity to Fusarium ear rot.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367711120101101EFFECT OF SOME PLANT POWDERS ON THE BIOLOGY OF Sitotroga cerealella OLIVIER (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) ON WHEAT9299368695710.21608/jppp.2010.86957ENK. A. M. H.Al-KhawassPlant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200505The efficacy of four plant materials (<em>Mentha crispate</em>; <em>Ocimum</em> <em>gratissimum Artemisia absinthium</em> and <em>Curcuma longa</em>) was evaluated against the grain moth <em>Sitotroga cerealella</em> (Olivier) on wheat grains under laboratory conditions. In all trials, mortality percentages caused by <em>O.</em> <em>gratissimum</em> treatment was observed to be relatively high (58.7%) in comparison with the other tested host. Survival rate of <em>S. cerealella</em> was significantly affected by<em> M. crispate</em>; <em>A. absinthium</em> and <em>C. longa</em> treatments. Plant powders usually did not affect the adult longevity, while <em>O. gratissimum</em> treatment significantly reduced the fecundity and the hatchability of <em>S. cerealella.</em>