Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367741120131101DISSIPATION OF BENSULTAP AND IMIDACLOPRID IN BROAD BEAN (Vicia faba) PLANT AND ITS SOIL8758858765110.21608/jppp.2013.87651ENI. S. A.AbdallahFac. of Agric., Dept. of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Cairo University.Hend A.MahmoudCentral Agric. Pesticide LaboratoryJournal Article20200508Field experiments were carried out to study the residual behavior of foliar application of bensultap and imidacloprid in broad bean plants and their runoff persistence in soil under plants. The residues amount decreased to be 0.29 mg/kg after 22 days of treatment with 97.7 % loss in the leaves of broad bean after bensultap application. While residues disappeared in leaves after 22days of imidacoprid application.<br /> The half-life time (t<sub>1/2</sub>) values for bensultap in green pods of faba bean was calculated to be 2.9 days for peels. Whereas ,in the case of imidacloprid, the RL<sub>50 </sub>value was 0.93 days in faba bean green peels but, residues could not be detected in green seeds one hour after treatment Data concluded that. the green pods can be safely harvested for human consumption after the third day of application based on the PHI value obtained. In soil the RL<sub>50 </sub>of bensultap was 4 days, while the persistence of the runoff of imidacoprid on the soil under the plants was a little longer than that in bensultap which was 5 days.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367741120131101POPULATION DENSITY AND FOOD PREFERENCE OF THE LAND SNAIL, Monacha cantiana (MONTAGU) TO CUCURBIT VEGETABLE CROPS AND USING PLANT EXTRACTS FOR ITS CONTROL8878938765310.21608/jppp.2013.87653ENWafaa A.ShahawyHarmful Animals Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research CenterJournal Article20200508An experiment was carried out at Farag El-Shamy, El-Riad region, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during two successive seasons; 2012 and 2013 to study the population density, food preference and evaluation of some plant extracts on <em>Monacha cantiana</em> on some cucurbit vegetables. Datashowed that the most attractive vegetable crop to snail was water melon (120.36 and 122.27 snails) while the cucumber was the least preferred with (63.64 and 64.55) snails during two seasons, respectively. The highest population density of <em>M.cantaina</em> were 51.75, 47.5, 43.25, 41.5 and 40.25 snail /m² while the least number were 15.75, 9.5, 10.0, 8.75 and 7.0 snail /m² on water melon, squash, snake melon melon and cucumber in two seasons respectively. Geranium extract exhibits the highest toxic effect (84.5%) reduction while the lowest was neem oil (56.0 %) reduction on water melonMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367741120131101USING THE MULBERRY FRUIT EXTRACT FOR IMPROVING SILK PRODUCTION OF MULBERRY SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L.9279328765510.21608/jppp.2013.87655ENI. A. I.SaadDepartment of Sericulture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200508Mulberry are mainly used as food for the silkworms and they are eaten as vegetable or used as cattle fodder in different parts of the world. Mulberry fruit is well known as a good source of anthocyanins with many biological activities. Mulberry (<em>Morus nigra</em>) is a fruit not known only for its nutritional qualities and its flavour, but also for its traditional use in natural medicine as it has a high content of active therapeutic compounds. In this study, the effect of the <em>Morus nigra</em> L., black mulberry fruit extract supplement on the biology of mulberry silkworm was investigated. Fruits were extracted by cold-water method. The mulberry leaves were dipped in the fruit extract. The treated leaves were offered to the last larval instar of silkworm at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100%. The results indicated that mulberry fruit extract enhanced the biology of silkworm and silk production. The concentration of 50% of fruit extract gave the best results. Which improve the mean weight of mature larvae by 23%, fresh cocoon by 38.2%, pupae by 40.9% and cocoon shell by 20.9% over the control. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367741120131101STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE DEGRRES AND SOME MEALYBUG SPECIES AS PREYS ON THE BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF Nephus inludens (KIRSCH) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE).9339448765710.21608/jppp.2013.87657ENNadia EMohamedPlant protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, DokkiA. A. A.SalehPlant protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, DokkiA. A.GhanimEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.Journal Article20200508Laboratory experiments were carried out in the Insectary of Economic Entomology Department, Faculty, of Agriculture, Mansoura University, from the beginning of February 2012 tell the end of March 2013 under three constant temperature degrees (20±1, 25±1 and 30±1C<sup>o</sup>) to study the influence of three constant temperature degrees on certain biological characteristics of the coccinellid predator <em>Nephus includens</em> (Kirsch) when reared on the third nymphal instars of <em>Planococcus citri</em> Risso, <em>Icerya seychellarum</em> (Westwood) and <em>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</em> (Green) The data cleared that with increasing the temperature degrees the duration periods of the immature stages decreased, with significant differences. The obtained results revealed that the average of total consumption per larva was the highest at 25±1<sup>o</sup>C and when this predator fed on the mealybug species <em>P. citri</em> during its larval stage. The results revealed that, the longevity of the predator adult stage decrease with increasing the temperature degrees, also it can be noticed that, the highest consumption rate per female at 30±1<sup>o</sup>C comparing with the other temperature degrees. The number of deposited eggs per female was the highest 185.74± 1.92 eggs when this predator female reared on <em>P. citri</em> at 25±1<sup>o</sup>C. As a conclusion the best mealybug species for the mass rearing this predator on <em>P. citri</em> at 25±1<sup>o</sup>C comparing with the other tested mealybug species and the other temperature degrees. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367741120131101POST HARVEST CONTROL OF BACTERIAL SOFT ROT PATHOGENS OF ONION BULB IN STORAGE9459578765910.21608/jppp.2013.87659ENM. EAbdallaPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ.S HamzaPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ.S. A.FayzallaPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ.S. E. E.SeedaPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ.Journal Article20200508General characteristics of bacterial pathogens based on the biochemical and physiological tests indicated that 41 isolates Out of 88 bacterial isolates collected from rotted onion bulbs were identified as; <em>Erwinia cacticida</em> (2), <em>Erwinia carotovora</em> subsp. <em>atroseptica</em> (5), <em>Erwinia carotovora</em> subsp. <em>betavasculorum</em> (6), <em>Erwinia carotovora</em> subsp. <em>carotovora</em> (16), <em>Pantoea</em> spp (5) and <em>Burkholderia cepacia </em>(7). Storage trial for fresh harvest and cured onion bulbs collected from field plots irrigated, withholding irrigation four months before harvest and 4 different levels of fertilizers (N, K) treatments. Assessment of bacterial bulb rot disease incidence (DI%) were carried out every 2 months regular intervals during 10 months of storage for onion bulb samples after external treatments with propionic acid spray (0,025%), Streptomycin sulfate spray (100 ppm) and actinomycetes (<em>Streptomyces coelicolor</em>) dust formulation. Results indicated that highest DI % in check treatment after 10 months of onion bulb storage was 20.68%. Compared with this control treatment; significant reduction in DI% was found in most treatments after all periods of onion bulbs storage. The highly significant reduction in DI% attributed to spray with propionic acid were 2.13%, 1.51%, 1.27%, 0.67% and 0.0%; followed by dust treatment with actinomycetes were 4.32%, 3.71%, 3.23%, 1.86% and 1.50% after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 months; respectively. However; low significant difference or reduction in DI% was found between irrigation and withholding irrigation treatments. Among fertilizers treatments; N1K1 treatment (150kg N+ 24kg K2O/fed) showed significant reduction in DI% reached to 4.41%, 5.54%, 6.34% and 7.18% after 2, 4, 6 and 8 months of storage but after 10 months was not significant.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367741120131101ACTIVATION OF Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki BY USING SOME CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOR INCREASING ITS EFFICACY9599728766110.21608/jppp.2013.87661ENE. S.MANSOURCotton Pest Insecticide Research Department, plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki Giza, Egypt.M. S.I.ShalabyCrop Pests Research Dept., Plant Protection Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, EgyptN. A.Abou ZeidCrop Pests Research Dept., Plant Protection Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200508 Second instar larvae of <em>Spodoptera. littoralis</em> were fed on castor bean leaves treated with different concentrations of Dipel (<em>Bacillus thuringiensis </em>var.<em> kurstaki</em>), Helban (chemical insecticide) and combination of Dipel with LC<sub>10</sub> of Helban, 1% sodium chloride ( NaCl ) or Dipel with 1 % sodium bicarbonate( NaHCO<sub>3</sub> ). Larvae fed for 24 hours on treated castor bean leaves dipped for one minute at each concentration used of the tested materials. The LC<sub>50</sub> value of Helban was 10.26 p.p.m (estimated after 24h.from treatment) ,while the LC<sub>10</sub> was 5.7 p.p.m., bioinsecticide treatment proved to be effective against 2<sup>nd</sup> instar larvae of <em>S. littoralis </em>where, the recorded LC<sub>50</sub> value was15.2 × 10<sup>4</sup> I.U after 5 days of treatment. While the LT<sub>50</sub> value was 4.78 and 2.75 days at concentrations of 16 and 20 × 10<sup>4</sup> I.U., respectively. In case of Dipel + 1 % NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, this treatment did not offer effect more than Dipel treatment only, where the estimated LC<sub>50</sub> value was 14.92 × 10<sup>4</sup> I.U. after 5 days of treatment. While the LT<sub>50</sub> values were 4.78 and 2.03 days at concentrations of 16 and 20 × 10<sup>4</sup> I.U., respectively. The most effective toxic treatment among all treatments were that of Dipel + 1% NaCl where the estimated LC<sub>50</sub> value of this treatment was 5.39 × 10<sup>4</sup> I.U. 5 days post treatment , While the LT<sub>50</sub> values were 4.831, 3.081 and 2.096 days at concentrations of 4,8 and 12 × 10<sup>4</sup> I.U., respectively. To evaluate the joint action of the bioinsecticide Dipel combined with LC<sub>10</sub> of Helban two methods were followed, the first by determining the LC<sub>50</sub> values and the second by estimating the Co-toxicity factor. The LC<sub>50</sub> values were 6.5 × 10<sup>4</sup> I.U. + 5.7 p.p.m. The low concentrations of Dipel when mixed with LC<sub>10</sub> of Helban produced potentiation, while the high concentrations produced additional effects.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367741120131101Insecticidal Efficiency and Latent Effect of certain IGR Compounds on Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) in El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station during season 20119739838766310.21608/jppp.2013.87663ENE. G. I.HamadaPlant Protection Institute, ARC, Dokki , Giza, EgyptE. A.WahbaPlant Protection Institute, ARC, Dokki , Giza, EgyptI. A.El-ShamyPlant Protection Institute, ARC, Dokki , Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200508During summer season 2011 an experiment was carried out at El Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, Gharbia Governorate to evaluate the efficiency and latent effect of six IGR compounds on 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> larval instars of cotton leafworm <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd.). The tested compounds were: Caprice, Kingbo, Leveuron, Steward, Virtu and Dimeuron. The efficiency and residual effect proved that these products induced high efficacy in this respect . The Leveuron compound was the most effective compared with other compounds, while Steward recorded the least toxic product on both 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instars as the initial effect. Reduction percent at end of larval stage of the 2nd and 4th instar larvae ranged between 100% and 50% for Leveuron and Steward; respectively. Also, results obtained indicated that Caprice, Kingbo and Dimeuron compounds induced high level of reductions of insect population. The residual effect of the tested compounds after 7, 14 and 21 days proved that Leveuron treatment had the highest efficacy against cotton leafworm <em>S. littoralis</em> which ranged between 100% to 88%, while Steward treatment gave the lowest one in both larval stages. The biological aspects of These compounds showed that all treatments succeeded in reducing the weights, the instar period of larvae and the leave consumption for the 4th instar larvae.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367741120131101CONTROL OF CHAMOMILE POWDERY MILDEW DISEASE USING POTASSIEN, CITRIEN AND CHITOSAN9859978766510.21608/jppp.2013.87665ENS A.El- MorsyPlant Pathol.Res. Instit, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.I. A.ShalabyHort.Res.Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200508The effect of three resistance inducers, <em>i.e.</em> chitosan, citrien and potassien were studied under both greenhouse (2009/2010) and field condition in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing seasons to control powdery mildew disease caused by <em>Sphearotheca fuliginea</em> in chamomile (<em>Matricaria chamomilla</em>).Results showed that all used inducers had decreased disease severity compared to non-treated control. In this respect, chitosan showed the highest effect on decreasing disease severity followed by citrien. Meanwhile, potassien gave the lowest effect. The decrease in disease severity of powdery mildew was positively expressed by an increase in crop parameters,<em> i.e</em> numbers, inflorescences weights, fresh, dry weights of plants and the principal components of chamomile essential oil.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367741120131101IMPACT OF THREE APPLICATION METHODS OF SPINOSAD IN THE MANAGEMENT OF Callosobruchus maculatus (FABR.) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)99910108766710.21608/jppp.2013.87667ENSH. A. A.AbouelkassemFaculity of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, AssiutA. A.MohamedPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokiki, Giza, Egypt.N. MEl- TaweelahPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokiki, Giza, Egypt.Naglaa, M, I.YoussefPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokiki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200508Cowpea beetle, <em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em> (Fabr.) is considered the most important pest of cowpea, <em>Vigna unguiculata </em>(L.) Walp., stored in tropical and sub tropical regions. Laboratory bioassays were carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness of spinosad (Tracer 24 % SC) by using three application methods, contact, fumigant and repellent toxicity, against the cowpea beetle<em> C. maculates</em>. Regarding to the contact toxicity, when spinosad applicated by thin film residue in petri dishes(9 cm<sup>2</sup> diameter) its LC50s and LC90s recorded 122.55 and 1285.88 ppm, respectively, comperated with 645.06 and 3884.36 ppm, for grain mixing method after 24 h. The percentage of hatching eggs varied from 40.60 to 71.90 %, while the numbers of emerged adults ranged from 10 to 81 insects, comperated with 299 for control. The reduction of progeny ranged from 70.07 to 100.00 with 250 and 1500 ppm. The Main development period (period of generation) ranged from 38.00 to 60 day comperated with 24 days for control. Application of spinosad as fumigant recorded 224.599 and 1464.980 ppm (50 cm<sup>3</sup>), for LC50s and LC90s , respectively. The repellent activity of spinosad by two applications methods resulted 100 % percentage repellency for adults at concentrations of 300 and 750 ppm for petri dish and jar techniques, respectively. Spinosad may be a good choice as a potent boinsecticide by thin residue film method against studied stored product insect<em> C. maculatus</em> .Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367741120131101SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY AND SOME ATTRACTANTS POTENCY ON THE RED PALM WEEVIL, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus USING PHEROMONES TRAP AT FAYOUM GOVERNORATE, EGYPT.101110238766810.21608/jppp.2013.87668ENR. H. A.SolaimanDept. Plant Protection, College of Agriculture , Fayoum University,Nadia A.Abd El-LatifDept. wood borers Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Ministry of Agriculture.Journal Article20200508The present study was conducted at a private date palm farm about 125 feddans at Fayoum district, Fayoum governorate to study Seasonal flight activity of adult <em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</em> Oliv.<em> </em>for one year between 23 October 2012 and 24 September 2013. Two synthetic aggregation pheromones were used in this study, the first pheromone was Ferrolure+ and the second pheromone was Rhyncap. The other attractants were ethyl acetate , date palm fruits and synthetic kairomone. Results showed that the number of weevils captured in traps recorded 4 flight activity periods. The first period extended from Oct. 23 to mid Jan. with peak 35 weevils /5 traps/ week during the early of December. The 2<sup>nd</sup> flight activity period was from mid Jan. to the 4<sup>th</sup> week of April with peak 31 weevils / 5 traps. The 3<sup>rd</sup> flight activity period extended from 4<sup>th</sup> week of April to 4<sup>th</sup> week of July and recorded the two highest peaks 48 and 58 weevils /5 traps during 1<sup>st</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> week of May. Afterwards the population increased to record the 4<sup>th</sup> flight activity period with peak 21 weevils /5 traps through 3<sup>rd</sup> week of September. The sex ratio was 3 : 1 for females and males, respectively.. The pest recorded 4 generations per year. The simple correlation between weather factors and population of total flight period activity was insignificantly negative with maximum and minimum temperatures while insignificantly positive with RH%.
The traps baited with Ferolure+ plus date fruits caught the highest number of weevils followed by the traps baited with Ferrolure+ plus ethyl acetate ; both Ferrolure+ and Rhyncap alone where the captured weevils recorded 399, 301, 100 and 51 weevils/3 traps / 16 weeks, respectively. Traps baited with ethyl acetate plus date palm fruits captured a few weevils as compared with that baited with the pheromone combined with Ethyl acetate and date palm fruits or pheromones alone, it captured 9 weevils. Meanwhile, no adult weevils were responded to the traps baited with ethyl acetate or synthetic kairomone alone without aggregation pheromone. Results showed that adult weevils preferred the traps placed in the east direction where it attracted the highest number (275 weevils/3 traps /10 weeks). While the least number of captured weevils were recorded in the traps in south direction (120 weevils/3traps/10 weeks)<strong>.</strong>