Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Effect of The Different Wheat Grain Varieties on some Biological Aspects of The Khapra Beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae: Coleoptera)26927217046710.21608/jppp.2021.170467ENS. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, EgyptH. A.El-KadyEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, EgyptA. M.El-BazEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, EgyptJournal Article20210306The Khabra grain beetle, <em>Trogoderma granarium </em>Everts is one of the serious primary insect pests attacking the stored wheat grains. The insect pest was reared on four wheat varieties to study their effects on the biological aspects as the immature stages, the ovipositional periods and the total number of egg-laying per the female. Giza 171 wheat variety showed a shortest duration of the larval stage and presented by 21.4 ± 0.4 days. Also, the shortest duration of the pupal stage was recorded at Giza 171 or Masir 2 wheat varieties and presented by 4.1 ± 0.2 days. The shortest oviposition period was recorded when reared the insect at Sakha 94 and presented by 10.5 ± 0.7 days. The wheat variety Giza 171 has to be considered the most favorable variety for <em>T. granarium</em> and gave the shortest development for immature stages (29.2 days), the highest oviposition (57.4 eggs/female), and the highest survival rate during the larval and pupal stage (96.0 %).Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Population Estimates of The Seychellarum Mealybug, Icerya seychellarum (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) in Relation to some Biotic and Abiotic Factors27327717046910.21608/jppp.2021.170469ENT. E.AtaEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.S. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, EgyptM. H.BayoumyEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptAya A.OsmanEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.Journal Article20210309One of the most serious mealybug species that attack guava tress in Egypt is <em>Icerya seychellarum </em>(Hemiptera: Margarodidae). This study has been done to monitor the fluctuations in population of this pest in guava orchards during seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in new Damietta district. The effects of abiotc (temperature and relative humidity, preferable direction) and biotic (predators) factors on its population has been examined. Three annual peaks of seasonal abundance for <em>I. seychellarum </em>were determined during November, May and September. The highest population of this insect was recorded during autumn season with total numbers of 1957 and 1674 individuals/leaf during the first and second year, respectively. On contrary, the lowest population of <em>I. seychellarum </em>was recorded during spring seasons of both years. The metrological factors insignificantly affected on the total population of the tested pest. The north direction is the preferable direction for<em> I. seychellarum</em> during the two years of study. Data revealed that there was synchronization in occurrence between populations of <em>I. seychellarum </em>and its predators, <em>Rodolia cardinalis</em> and <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em>.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Acute and Sublethal Effects of some Botanical and Chemical Insecticides on The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Larvae As Long-Term Storage Protectants27928417047010.21608/jppp.2021.170470ENH. A.El-KadyEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, EgyptS. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, EgyptA. S.HashemStored Product Pests Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, EgyptAya M.El-BazEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, EgyptJournal Article20210310Globally, there are growing concerns about the overuse of synthetic insecticides to their subsequent damage to the environment and mammalian. Therefore, developing new and safe eco-friendly insecticides based on natural products, such as essential oils,is considered a substitute for chemical pesticides in pest control.In the present study,mimicry the storage environment for grain products stored in a small scale by surface treatment method to determining the lethal and effective concentrations for three chemical insecticides (Imidacloprid, Zeta-cypermethrin and Lufenuron) and three essential oils (Citrus bergamia, Citrus limon and <em>Cuminum cyminum</em>) against larvae of <em>Trogoderma granarium</em> at various concentrations and time intervals.Results revealed that the <em>C. bergamia</em> EO exhibited high larvacidal activity compared to the other two oils, i.e.,30.36% after 24h of exposure at the higher concentration (10 v/v), while after 72h of exposure at the same,mortality reached 75.33%. Concerning chemical insecticides, the imidacloprid insecticides at all tested concentrations were the most effective against <em>T. granarium</em> larvae, leading to 40% mortality at the lower concentration (1v/v) after 24h. of exposure, and 96.66% mortality at the higher concentration(10 v/v)72h. post-exposure. Whereupon<em>, C. limon</em> oil had significantly higher LC<sub>50 </sub>and LC<sub>99</sub> values than other oils, indicating that <em>C. bergamia</em> oil was more toxic against <em>T. granarium</em> larvae than to both oils. In contrast, LC<sub>99</sub> values of Lufenuron were the highest significantly being about 1.61 and 2.31 times compared to Zeta-cypermethrin and Imidacloprid at the maximum concentration tested after 72h of exposure, respectively.In sum,our research focuses on the potential of selected EOs as a suitable substitute for chemical pesticides against this noxious species.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Development of The Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) on Three Host Plants28528917047110.21608/jppp.2021.170471ENSherehan A.R. SalemZoology Dep., Fac. of Science, South Vally University, Qena, EH. F.DahiPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMervat A. B.MahmoudZoology Dep., Fac. of Science, South Vally University, Qena, Egypt.Journal Article20210310The present laboratory study is first attempt in Egypt which focused on studying the development of recent invasive insect pest “fall armyworm” <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on three host plants, Castor oil, Corn and Lettuce. Study was conducted at Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena Governorate, Egypt. The fall armyworm, <em>S. frugiperda</em> is an economically important polyphagous. The pest has recently invaded Egypt causing unexpected damage to maize and other crops. The life history of <em>S. frugiperda</em> on three different host food resources, castor leaves, corn and lettuce was studied under laboratory conditions. Larval mortality percentage, larval duration, pupation percentage, pupal weight, pupal duration, pupal mortality percentage, adult emergence, sex ratio, male and female longevity, fecundity (No. of egg laying/female) and fertility % (egg hatchability) were evaluated. Obtained results showed that, average larval duration was 23.36, 23.58 and 22.8 days for castor leaves, corn and lettuce, respectively. The pupal duration was 10.52, 10.75 and 10.89 days respectively at the same three hosts. There were non-significant different between all pupal duration values. Fecundity (eggs laid by the females) was 2299.0, 1839.5 and 2116.0 egg/female at the same three hosts, respectively. Also results indicated that, post ovipostion periods were 2.4, 1.0 and 2.19 days, for castor leaves, maize and lettuce respectively. There were no preferences for any of tested plants which may be related to antixenosis/antibiosis. The fall armyworm <em>S. frugiperda </em>can easily reared in laboratory using uneconomic plants castor oil leaves.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Pathogenicity of New Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Metsch. from Sinai-Peninsula against Wheat Aphid Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under Lab. Condition.29129417047210.21608/jppp.2021.170472ENA. G.AltahawiPlant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.A. A.M. IbrahimPlant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center-Dokki-Giza-Egypt.F. M. H.EidPlant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center-Dokki-Giza-Egypt.S. A.AhmedFac. of Environ. Agric. Sci., Arish Univ.H. M.MahfouzFac. of Environ. Agric. Sci., Arish Univ.Journal Article20210311Four native isolates of entomopathogenic fungi <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> (M 01, M 02, M 06 and M 09) were isolated from Sinai Peninsula and evaluated against wheat aphid, <em>Schizaphis graminum</em> (Rondani). Four-concentrations of spores suspensions for every fungal-isolate 1×10<sup>5</sup>, 1×10<sup>6</sup>, 1×10<sup>7 </sup>and 1×10<sup>8</sup> conidia/ml were used against adult aphid (one day old). The results showed that (M02) was the most effective according to LC<sub>50</sub>.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Influence of Alternative Food Sources on Different Biological Aspects of Cydnoseius negevi (Acari: Phytoseiidae)29530117126510.21608/jppp.2021.171265ENA. H.FoulyDep. of Zoo. Fac. of Agric. Mansoura University. Daqahlia. EgyptS. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, EgyptT. E.AtaDep. of Eco. Ento. Fac. of Agric. Damietta University. Damietta. Egypt.Eman A.MaroufDep. of Zoo. Fac. of Agric. Damietta University. Damietta. Egypt.Journal Article20210312The predatory mite <em>Cydnoseius</em> <em>negevi</em> (Swirski & Amitai), (Family Phytosidae), is a predaceous mite of different mite and insect pests, such as two-spotted spider mite and castor whitefly. This work aimed to study the role of <em>C.</em> <em>negevi</em>in controlling the four arthropod pests, <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisduval),<em> Trialeurodes</em> <em>ricini</em> (Misra), and <em>Anagasta</em> (<em>Ephestia) kuehniella </em>(Keller) as wellas spider mite<em> Tetranychus urtica</em> (Koch) compared with date palm pollenas food options under controlled conditions. The predatory mite <em>C.</em> <em>negevi</em>can feed and complete its life span successfully on these foods. <em>Trialeurodes</em> <em>ricini</em> and <em>A. </em><em>kuehniella</em> eggs prolonged the life cycle of <em>C. negevi</em>. Likewise, the shortest period observed when male and female fed on eggs of <em>T. urtica</em>. Egg production of the tested mite was the highest when it fed on pollen, while oviposition was lower when the predatory mite fed on<em> T. ricini</em>. Food sources also affected all life tables where spider mite eggs and pollen grains were the most favorable foods increased R<sub>o</sub>, r<sub>m</sub>, <sup>erm</sup> and GRR values. Insect eggs prolonged T and D<sub>t</sub> times ofthe tested mite <em>C. negevi</em>. Therefore, <em>C. negevi</em> could be reared successfully on date palm pollen and eggs of<em> S. littoralis</em>,<em> T.</em> <em>ricini</em>, <em>A. kuehniella</em> and <em>T. urticae</em>.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Comparative Efficiency of Phenol Compounds on Certain Biological Aspects of Two Species of Fruit Flies30330616505910.21608/jppp.2021.165059ENE. F.El-khayatPlant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric. Moshtohor, Benha UniversityTahany R.Abd El-zaharPlant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric. Moshtohor, Benha UniversityA. M. Z.MosallamPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, EgyptM. S. A.ElwanPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20210306The present work was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficiency of certain phenol compounds (Salicylic acid, Benzoic acid, Acetylsalicylic acid and Sodium benzoate) on certain biological aspects of the Mediterranean fruit fly (MFF), <em>Ceratitis capitata</em> and the peach fruit fly (PFF) <em>Bactrocera zonata</em> under laboratory conditions. Salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid showed the same record on larval duration of MFF (10.5 days) and lowest record of % pupation of 70.5 and 75.8%, respectively. Also, control recorded the lowest pupal duration 8.1 days and highest average of fecundity (27.9 eggs/female), daily rate of oviposition (11.5 eggs/female/day), the total of deposited eggs of 1628.3, % hatchability 96.7% and longevity of males 27.5 days, whereas sodium benzoate showed the highest average of oviposition period (31.1 days) and high female longevity 35.7 days for MFF. Larval duration of PFF significantly showed the shortest period of 7.6 days and highest % pupation 100% with larval diet treated with sodium benzoate. Control showed the shortest pupal duration 7.8 days and highest average of fecundity (22.8 eggs/female), daily rate of oviposition (8.6 eggs/female/day), the total of deposited eggs of 1454.7, % hatchability of 92.3% and longevity of males (45.1 days). But, sodium benzoate showed the highest period of oviposition 38.8 days and females longevity 54.5 days. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Effectiveness of some New Water Based Insecticides Against Locust and Grasshoppers Applied As LV and ULV Spray Techniques in Egypt30731117126910.21608/jppp.2021.171269ENG. M.AbdelatefPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.Journal Article20210315Efficacy of five water based insecticides on <em>Schistocerca gregaria</em> (Forskal), <em>Locusta migratoria</em> (Linnaeus),and multiple grasshoppers species applied as low volume (LV) and Ultralow volume (ULV) were tested. Obtained data indicated that descending order of insecticides efficacy were as follow: chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram + methoxyfenozide, chlorantraniliprole then pyridalyl, in case of <em>S. gregaria</em> both spinetoram + methoxyfenozide and chlorantraniliprole were quite similar. Concerning spray characteristics, the effectiveness of spraying tested water based pesticides diluted with 30% Propylene glycol water mixture as ULV spray technique was obvious, where the droplets size, relative span, and number of droplets per cm<sup>2</sup> were suitable for locust control. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Efficiency of Trimedlure Diluted with Oleic Acid As Sex Attractant for Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata Males under Filed Conditions .31331817127310.21608/jppp.2021.171273ENSalma Kh.RagabPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt.Merfat K.G. ElsherbeniPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt.Journal Article20210316 <br /> <br /> <strong> </strong><br /> <strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /> <strong> </strong><br /> The efficacy of the sex attractant, trimedlure diluted with oleic acid was estimated against the Mediterranean fruit fly, <em>Ceratitis capitata </em>(Wied.) on guava and mandarin orchards. Four concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 98 %) were tested by using yellow Jackson traps. The current results illustrated that the highest general mean of <em>C. </em><em>capitata </em>males was attracted by trimedlure at a concentration of 75% followed by 50, 98 then 25%, represented by 5.48, 3.74, 3.48 and 1.8 respectively as FTD in the first 5 weeks. Also in the second 5 weeks of study concentration 75% recorded the highest FTD (5.62) compared with concentrations of 50%, 98% and 25%. With respect to the general FTD all over the 10 weeks , concentration 75% was recorded the highest FTD( 5.55) followed by 50%(2..29) , 98%( 2.73) and 25% (1.82 flies per trap per day) respectively. Also, in mandarin concentration 98% recorded the highest FTD in the first 5 weeks of the study (1.83) on contrary other concentrations (75%, 50% and 25%) were (FTD= 1.39, 0.75 and 0.78 males per trap/day) respectively. The regression of the attractiveness of each tested concentration to PFF males, all over the 10 weeks, the efficiency of all of the tested concentrations did not affected by the elapsed time. However R<sup>2</sup> -values were 0.040, 0.000, 0.011 and 0.001in the case of 98, 75, 50 and 25% concentrations, respectively in guava orchards , while in mandarin orchards all over the 10 weeks were relatively affected by elapsed time .<br /> <strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong> <em>Ceratitis capitate</em>; trimedlure; oleic acid and sex attractant for MFF.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <strong><br clear="all" /> </strong><br /> <strong>INTRODUCTION</strong><br /> <strong> </strong><br /> The efficacy of the sex attractant, trimedlure diluted with oleic acid was estimated against the Mediterranean fruit fly, <em>Ceratitis capitata </em>(Wied.) on guava and mandarin orchards. Four concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 98 %) were tested by using yellow Jackson traps. The current results illustrated that the highest general mean of <em>C. </em><em>capitata </em>males was attracted by trimedlure at a concentration of 75% followed by 50, 98 then 25%, represented by 5.48, 3.74, 3.48 and 1.8 respectively as FTD in the first 5 weeks. Also in the second 5 weeks of study concentration 75% recorded the highest FTD (5.62) compared with concentrations of 50%, 98% and 25%. With respect to the general FTD all over the 10 weeks , concentration 75% was recorded the highest FTD( 5.55) followed by 50%(2..29) , 98%( 2.73) and 25% (1.82 flies per trap per day) respectively. Also, in mandarin concentration 98% recorded the highest FTD in the first 5 weeks of the study (1.83) on contrary other concentrations (75%, 50% and 25%) were (FTD= 1.39, 0.75 and 0.78 males per trap/day) respectively. The regression of the attractiveness of each tested concentration to PFF males, all over the 10 weeks, the efficiency of all of the tested concentrations did not affected by the elapsed time. However R<sup>2</sup> -values were 0.040, 0.000, 0.011 and 0.001in the case of 98, 75, 50 and 25% concentrations, respectively in guava orchards , while in mandarin orchards all over the 10 weeks were relatively affected by elapsed time .Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Efficacy of Cladosporium cladosporioides, as a Biocontrol Agent for Controlling Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under Laboratory Conditions.31932117127810.21608/jppp.2021.171278ENMerfat K.G. ElsherbeniPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt.Journal Article20210318<strong> </strong><br /> The two spotted spider mite <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> (Acari, Tetranychidae) is a serious polyphagous plant pest. Laboratorial experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of <em>Cladosporium cladosporioides</em> as microbial control agent against <em>T. urticae</em> adults and larvae. The current data showed that <em>C. cladosporioides</em> revealed very satisfactory efficacy when compared with <em>B. bassiana</em>. The results indicated that LC<sub>50</sub> of: 1.37x10<sup>4</sup> and 4.45x10<sup>3</sup> conidia/ml against adults and new hatched larvae, respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401A Novel Approach of Chitosan and Its Derivatives Bioactivity Against The Pinworm Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)32333017129010.21608/jppp.2021.171290ENM. S.ZayedDept. of Pesticides, Fac. of Agri., Damietta University, EgyptJournal Article20210316The present study was carried out to evaluate the relative insecticidal and biological activity of chitosan and its derivativesagainst the 2<sup>nd</sup> larval instar of <em>T. absoluta</em> compared to the unprecedented insecticide chloroanatrilprole (Coragen) using standardized method of bioassay under laboratory conditions. The larvacidal activity for the different treatments against 2<sup>nd</sup> instar larvae of <em>T. absoluta</em> were predestined. Also, effect of the tested agents on growth inhibition, antifeedant and life-cycle of the tested insect were determined. The results revealed that chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) was the most effective treatment against 2<sup>nd</sup> larval instar and eggs deposited per gravid female of <em>T. absoluta</em>. while, chitosan hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NPs) was the highest effective treatment on growth inhibition and antifeedant. All tested agents disrupted life cycle of the tested insect under laboratory conditions. Therefore, this study suggests the possible using of chitosan and its derivativesas safe alternatives to conventional insecticide and compatible with integrated pest management practices.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Exploring The Biological Effects of some Phytochemicals from Zygophyllum simplex L. and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. on Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal)33133517129610.21608/jppp.2021.171296ENG. M.AbdelatefPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.Gehan A.MohamedPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.Journal Article20210320Effects of n-hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of <em>Zygophyllum simplex</em> L. and <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> L. on <em>Schistocerca gregaria</em> (Forskal) 5<sup>th</sup> nymphal instar were tested. Only n-hexane extracts of both plants showed that, biological toxic effects to <em>S. gregaria</em> nymphs. Mortalities percentages of 1000 ppm of <em>Z. simplex</em> and <em>T. foenum-graecum</em> n-hexane extracts to desert locust nymphs were 76.67 and 70.00 % after 8 days post treatment. Toxicity results indicated that, LD<sub>50</sub>s of <em>Z. simplex</em> and <em>T. foenum-graecum </em>extracts were 2.04 and 3.16 µg/nymph, respectively. Also total carbohydrates, lipids, and proteinsin haemolymph of treated nymphs with 250 ppm, were reduced at days 2, 4, and 6 days post treatment. Thirty four and thirty eight phytochemical compounds were detected in n-hexane extracts of <em>Z. simplex</em> and <em>T. foenum-graecum</em>, respectively. Seventeen compounds were present in both plant extract.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712420210401Management of Cumin Blight Disease Caused By Alternaria Burnsii By Using Green Chemicals and Biofungicides33734617129910.21608/jppp.2021.171299ENH. M.Abdel AzizPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptM. E.AbdallaPlant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, EgyptM. G.A. NadaPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Y. M.ShabanaPlant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, EgyptJournal Article20210322The cumin blight disease caused by the fungus <em>Alternaria burnsii</em> is the most destructive disease on cumin in its cultivated areas in the world. The fungus <em>A. burnsii</em> was isolated from cumin plants infected with blight and its pathogenicity was confirmed on cumin plants. Selected green chemicals (potassium silicate; PS and nano silicon; NSi) were evaluated for their antagonistic effect against <em>A. burnsii</em> in the laboratory at different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm for PS and 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 mM for NSi). Also, the inhibitory effect of <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> and <em>T. hamatum</em> was studied in the laboratory using dual culture technique. The biocontrol fungus <em>T. harzianum</em> was formulated in four biofungicidal forms and tested against cumin blight in greenhouse and field trials. These forms were: suspension of fresh spores and mycelium in water, emulsion of fresh spores and mycelium with its filtrate in corn oil, emulsion of fresh spores and mycelium without its filtrate in corn oil, and emulsion of dried spores in corn oil, which were all sprayed on cumin plants showing blight symptoms. The emulsion of dried spores of <em>T. harzianum</em> at 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> spores/ml was the most effective in suppressing blight disease, and NSi was in the second place in this regard, thus increasing the yield of seeds and the percentage of volatile oil in the seed compared to the untreated control.