Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712520210501Bio-efficiency of some Aromatic Oils and Other Compounds on Some Biological Aspects of Tetranychus urticae as Alternative to Pesticides.34935617877310.21608/jppp.2021.178773ENMalakah F. I.ElsadanyPlant Protect. Res. Inst. Sakha Agric. Res. Station, Kafr EL-SheikhR. I. E.MagouzPlant Protect. Res. Inst. Sakha Agric. Res. Station, Kafr EL-SheikhRabab A. M.HammadPlant Protect. Res. Inst. Sakha Agric. Res. Station, Kafr EL-SheikhJournal Article20210620Extensive use of conventional pesticides and acaricides to control of the two spotted spider mite, <em>Tetranychus urticae </em>Koch caused undesirable side effects on environment, humans and animals so, it was necessary to look for alternative control methods including the use of aromatic oils and natural oils, as botanical acaricides . The present study was carried out to assessment bio-efficiency of some aromatic oils and other compounds on some biological aspects of <em>T. urticae </em>in laboratory at (25±2) ºC, and (65±5) %R.H. to finding safe a mean to human, environment , and animals as alternative to synthetic miticides used in the control this mite. Results indicated that Helbstar was the highest toxic compound to adult females of <em>T. urticae </em>followed byNat-1 with <strong>Lc</strong><strong>50 </strong>values of 1686.5 and 2861.5 ppm, respectively while Basil was the least toxic one with Lc<strong>50 </strong>value of 5990.4 ppm . The population showed more homogeneity in its response to the aromatic oils (Basil and carnation). As a result to significant differences between different oils it was found that Carnation oil and natural oil (Nat-1) can be recommend in controlling mite through incubation stage of <em>T. urticae </em>. Also Carnation oil can be recommend in controlling active proto-nymph, total immature and life cycle stages of <em>T. urticea </em>. All oils were not preferred in controlling adult females of mite through pre- oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition and longevity stages. The obtained results were important so they are taken in the consideration when planning programs of integrated pest management.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712520210501Evaluation of different diets on biological parameters of ladybird beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae)35736317127510.21608/jppp.2021.70827.1021ENM. A. I.YoussifPlant Prot. Dept., Fac. of Agric. , Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, EgyptWalaa M. M.HelalyPlant Prot. Dept., Fac. of Agric. , Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, EgyptSherin M. M. Y.HelalyPlant Prot. Dept., Fac. of Agric. , Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20210522In this study, the effect of different diets on the biological characteristics of Coccinella undecimpunctata L. were studied under laboratory conditions of 26 ± 1°C and 65 ± 5% R.H. Three diets namely; AD1 (as basic artificial diet) , AD2 (as improvement artificial diet), aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch frozen as well as live aphid, (A. craccivora) as control were evaluated on the biological aspects of C. undecimpunctata . Results showed that the mean larval duration recorded 10.64 days, when larvae fed on control. It extended to 14.26, 14.56 and 21.27 days for frozen aphid, AD2 and AD1, respectively. Larval survival percentages were 93.33, 83.33, 73.33, and 60.00% when larvae reared on control, AD2, AD1 and frozen aphid, respectively. The maximum pupation percentage (92.86%) recorded in control, while minimum (66.67%) on frozen aphid. Adult emergence percentages on control was 92.31%, with sex ratio of 54.17%. Whereas, it 80.00 % with sex ratio of 62.50 % when larvae fed on AD2.Ovipositional period of mated female extended to 56.63 days and reproduced about 992.26 eggs throughout its lifespan, on control, whereas the lowest one (189.50 eggs) was noticed with AD1. Treatment control and AD2 gave the best result for egg fertility (95.62 and 75.90 %), egg hatching (95.01and 79.20 %) , respectively.Highest growth index was recorded with control (4.75) almost similar to artificial diet (AD2) (3.39). In general, AD2 played an important role in whole life cycle of C. undecimpunctata for mass production and proved better on most above parameters. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712520210501The Insect Pests, the Associated Predatory Insects and Prevailing Spiders in Rice Fields36537117128110.21608/jppp.2021.171281ENFatma El-Zahraa H.HegazyPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta UniversityEman A. S.HendawyBiological Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, GizaI. I.MesbahPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta UniversityFathea A.SalemBiological Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, GizaJournal Article20210522Rice, <em>Oryza sativa</em> L. is a very important food crop in Egypt as well as allover the world. Rice plants are attacked by several insect pest species. The current study was undertaken at the experimental farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station during 2017 and 2018 rice seasons. Twenty-one insect pest species, belonging to Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Thysanoptera were collected from rice nurseries and paddy fields using sweep net and pitfall traps. Orders: Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Diptera represented the majority of species number, with 33.33, 28.57 and 23.81%, respectively. Larvae of <em>Chilo agamemnon</em> Bles. Were rare during July, moderate during August, and high during September. <em>Hydrellia prosternalis</em> Deem. was more dominant just after transplanting, on rice that sown after mid-May. Population density of <em>Chironomus</em> spp. was moderate during May, high in July, greatly declined in September. As for insect predators, 34 species were captured, belonging to eight orders and 16 families. Order Coleoptera was represented by 15 species (44.12% out of total), followed by Hymenoptera (20.59%), and Odonata (14.71%). Sixteen spider species, belonging to nine families, were surveyed. They were f belonging to Lycosidae, Tetragnathidae and Salticidae. All spiders and insect predators appeared during the period from nurseries up to harvest. This way indicates the richness of rice fields, in Egypt, with bio control agents that should be conserved to minimize application of insecticides and regain the natural balance in rice fields.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712520210501The influence of bio-char on Common scab disease of potatoes37338017896310.21608/jppp.2021.178963ENOmnia A.Abd El-HafezBacterial Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Mariam A.AmerBioengineering Research Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20210621The study was carried out in a greenhouse at Plant Pathology Research Institute, “Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt” to evaluate bio-char applications of potato scab controlling caused by <em>Streptomyces scabies</em> in sandy and clayey textured soil. Water dressing of potting soils was discussed with the influence of bio-char application to both kinds of infested and non-infested soils. The results showed that the application of bio-char for potato seed bed and the regular irrigation (every 3 days) caused an increase in organic carbon in both sterilized soils. While, the bio-char application in state under seedbed for infested sandy soil caused low nitrogen content at both watering treatments. In this preliminary study similar results were shown in clayey infested soil. Which soil porosity that is being inversely related to disease and it is positively correlated to soil bulk density (bd). Also, the results showed that bio-char application decreased the interspaces between particles consequentially minimizing soil bulk density for watering treatments in concern. The soil reaction (pH) was increased with the application of bio-char to infested soil under both watering system. Bio-char amended sandy and clayey soils expressed decreased incidence of scabby tubers especially at higher dose regular watering. This preliminary study reveals that the necessity of bio-char field treatments, to explain in depth the physiological, histological and changes in soil edaphic factors as related to <em>Streptomyces scabies</em> infections. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712520210501Controlling Varroa destructor Infesting Honey Bee Apis mellifera using Essential Oils as Diet Supplements and as Impregnated Paper38138717896610.21608/jppp.2021.178966ENH. A. A.MesbahPlant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria Univ., EgyptNagda A.El-SayedPlant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria Univ., EgyptA. K.MouradPlant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria Univ., EgyptB. A.Abdel-RazikPlant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria Univ., EgyptJournal Article20210621The results showed that all the evaluated supplementary diets were found to be accepted by the bees. Colonies fed on the supplementary diets mixed with different essential oils were found to have more individual bees, increased values of sealed brood area, more number of frames covered with bees and encouraged queens to lay more eggs than the controlled colonies. Diet [A] which has been mixed with mint oil proved to be better to be offered to bees during winter followed by diets [C], [B] and [D]. Feeding on diet [A] gave the highest means of sealed brood area (1348.0±13.93 inch2), number of eggs/queen/day (1195.64±12.35 eggs) and number of frames covered with bee (9.0±0.00 frames/hive) in winter season of 2019/ 2020. The fallen mites increased in November when the colonies fed on diet (A) & (B) recording high mean numbers of 176.0 & 201.0 mites (effectiveness= 80.11 & 80.33% ) (2019 season) and 201.0 & 161.0 mites (effectiveness= 87.06 & 83.85% ) (2020 season), respectively. Thyme oil impregnated papers was proved to be more effective during February of both seasons recording effectiveness of 77.84 and 83.95%, followed by mint oil (75.16 and 81.37%, respectively), while mustard oil impregnated papers was proved to be the least effective. Residues of the evaluated essential oils in honey were absent and that because these compounds quickly decreased due to their volatility, thus there cannot be any food safety risk for the consumer. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712520210501Ovicidal, Larvicidal and Biochemical Effects of Thyme, Thymus vulgaris, ON the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)38939417947410.21608/jppp.2021.179474ENM. A. M.El-AwPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.K. A.DrazPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.E. A.El NaggarDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.F. H.Abd ElsalamDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.Journal Article20210623Ovicidal,larvicidal and biochemical effects of Thyme oil,<em>Thymus vulgaris</em>,and the carbamate insecticide,Methomyl,on the cotton leafworm, <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)were studied.The calculated percentages of reduction in egg hatching were 32.5, and 57.1% for thyme oil tested at concentrations of 2 and 4% and 21.3, and 28.2% for Methomyl tested at concentrations of 2 and 4ppm, respectively.The calculated percentages of reduction were 100% for thyme oil and Methomyl tested at concentrations of 12% and 20ppm, respectively.Larval feeding assay showed that the calculated LC50 values for thyme oil were 0.701, 0.324 and 0.108% after 24, 48 and 72hrs, respectively.The calculated LC50 values for methomyl were 1.60, 0.918 and 0.51ppm after 24, 48 and 72hrs,respectively.Topical assay showed that the calculated LC50 values were 3.601, 3.601, and 2.089% after 24, 48, and 72hrs, respectively.Among methomyl, the calculated LC50 values were 2.12, 1.28 and 0.75ppm after 24, 48 and 72hrs, respectively. The<em> in vitro</em> inhibitory activity of Thyme oil and Methomyl on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were also tested in larval head and midgut of<em> S. littoralis</em> in this study.Concentration of 6% of Thyme oil caused 68.6 and 68.7% inhibition of AChE in heads and midgut of the 4<em><sup>th</sup></em> larval instar of <em>S. littoralis</em>, respectively. While concentration of 20 ppm of methomyl caused 81.8 and 80.4% inhibition of AChE in heads and midgut of the 4<em><sup>th</sup></em> larval instar of <em>S. littoralis</em>, respectively. I<sub>50</sub> values for larval midgut AChE was about 1.3 and 1.52 folds more resistant to inhibition by thyme oil and methomyl,respectively,than those of larval head AChE.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367712520210501Effect of Sugary Feeding Periods on Physicochemical Characteristics of Bees' Honey39540217896810.21608/jppp.2021.178968ENA. M.Abuo El-NagaEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.Abdelbadie AbdelhamidGhaniumProf. Emeritus of Economic Entomology,
(Biological Control) Economic Entomology Dept.,
Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.R. A.SanadPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki.Amany A. S.Serag EL-DeinPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki.Journal Article20210621The objective of the present study is to know effect of sugary feeding periods for honeybee colonies [beginning (FSB), mid (FSM) and end (FSE) of the flowering seasons] on some physicochemical properties of of bees' honey. All data were statistically tested using analysis of variance and discriminating analysis to distinguish between the three types of honey for parameters that can be determined easily in routine honey control. The characterization of three types of honey was carried out based on their quality parameters [Moisture, total soluble solids (TSS), electrical conductivity, Specific gravity, viscosity, pH, total acidity, free acids, lactones, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose content, HMF and Diastase and Invertase enzymes]. The results showed that the three honey types could not be assigned by 100% into their actual groups even when all parameters were used simultaneously in the analysis. Two samples of the honey (FSM and FSE) were also assigned. Among different parameters used moisture, TSS, viscosity, sucrose content. The results were discussed in the light of some beekeeping managements before and after harvesting of honey, and the effectiveness of the chosen parameters.