Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710520190501Efficacy of some Herbicides and Agricultural Practices on the Productivity of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)2452504317810.21608/jppp.2019.43178ENNeama A.GoudaPesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Dept., Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Fuka, Matrouh University, Egypt.Journal Article20190731Two field experiments were conducted on sugar beet crop (<em>Beta vulgaris) </em>to increase the quality of yield in sugar beet by applying mixtures of pre- and post-emergence herbicides and non-chemical strategies. Triflusulfuron-methyl, phenemedipham7.5+ desmedipham 1.5+ ethofumesate 11.5, S-metolachlor, propaquizafop, and clethodim, in addition, Triflusulfuron-methyl +hand hoeing, phenmedipham 7.5+ desmedipham 1.5+ ethofumesate 11.5 +hand hoeing, first hand hoeing, second hand hoeing and untreated check were evaluated. All combinations were repeated twice. Percentage of weed reduction, total of all weeds, yield, yield components, percentages of total soluble solids (TSS), total yield of sugar beet ton per feddan and the percentages of weed density were calculated. Results revealed that, triflusulfuron-methyl + hand hoeing followed by phenmedipham7.5+ desmedipham 1.5+ ethofumesate 11.5+ hand hoeing and twice hand hoeing recorded equally the same effect followed by triflusulfuron-methyl followed by first hand hoeing when compared with untreated check. The reduction (weed control) percentages were 98, 96, 96, 84 and 81, respectively compared with untreated (check) in the first season. However, in the second season, the reduction percentages were 98, 96, 96, 86 and 80, respectively. The highest value of fresh weight andthe most two abundant species weeds were<em> Beta</em> <em> vulgaris</em> and<em> Medicago hispid</em><em>a</em>. Also, the results revealed that, there were significant effects between weed control treatments on crop yield (ton/fed) and untreated check during the two seasons, where the lowest yield was 9.38 ton/fed. while, the highest yield was 32.2 ton/fed. in the twice hand hoeing treatment. On the other hand, the effect of tested herbicides on fresh weight of grassy weeds (g/m<sup>2</sup>) in two seasons, in the first season, twice hand hoeing was found to be more effective followed by clethodim, propaquizafop and then S-metolachlor, where the percentages of reduction were 99, 93, 86 and 85, respectively compared with untreated check. However, in the second season, the reduction percentages were 100, 98, 95 and 95, respectively. The highest value of fresh weight andthe most abundant weed was<em>Phalaris sp</em>. Also, the results showed significant effects between weed control treatments on crop yield (ton/fed), during the first season with low crop yield (2.22 ton/fed.) in untreated check and the high crop yield (33.525 ton/fed.) in propaquizafop treatment. The highest value of crop yield was 24 ton/fed. in twice hand hoeing and the lowest was 9.3 ton/fed. in untreated check in the second season. In two seasons, data showed that weed control treatments increased the tested yield parameters as a following: triflusulfuron-methyl +hand hoeing > phenmedipham 7.5+ desmedipham 1.5+ ethofumesate 11.5 > twice hand hoeing > first hand hoeing and Pop-S. In addition, the data showed that clethodim was found to be the most effective in weed control, highest value of yield component followed by S-metolachlor, propaquizafop and then twice hand hoeing. However, clethodim was the most effective in weed control with the highest value of yield components wheras twice hand hoeing was the lowest one. It can be concluded that, triflusulfuron-methyl +hand hoeing was highly effective in weed control with highest value of yield components, while hand hoeing is the lowest one.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710520190501Biochemical Impacts of some Volatile Oils on the Eggs of Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella L.2512564317910.21608/jppp.2019.43179ENM. F. N. G.FaragPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptRasha S.RashaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190731The essential oils of chamomile; <em>Chamomilla recutita</em> L., rosemary; <em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> L. and peppermint; <em>Mentha piperita</em> L. were tested under laboratory conditions for their ovicidal and biochemical activity against the eggs of greater wax moth, <em>Galleria mellonella</em> L.The incubation periods, hatching periods and hatching percentages of the eggs treated by the three oils using spraying technique were significantly retarded at the four concentrations 1%,2%,4% and 8%. Generally, the maximum ovicidal activity was recorded at 8% concentrations and the peppermint oil showed marked activity against the eggs of greater wax moth. The longest incubation period (15 days), the longest hatching period (6.67days) and the highest inhibition of hatchability (5.07%) achieved with peppermint oil treatment, followed by rosemary oil (13.67 days, 5.33 days and 18.25%) then chamomile oil (9 days, 5.67 days and 32.45%), respectively. The chemical constituents of the three essentials oils were analysed using gas chromatography (GC). Bisabolol oxide a (43.76 %) and bisabolol oxide b (16.11%) were the major components of chamomile oil whereas, camphor (23.56 %), 1,8-cineole (17.86 %) were for rosemary oil and menthol (47.38 %), menthone (29.99 %) for peppermint oil. Present study demonstrated disturbance in total soluble protein, total lipid contents and inhibition the activity of acid phosphatase and phenoloxidase.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710520190501Survey of Main Mites and Insect Species Associated with Stored Maize in Giza Governorate2572604318110.21608/jppp.2019.43181ENAzza A.MohamedPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, GizaSeham A.Ezz El-DeinPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, GizaTawfik A.TawfikPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, GizaJournal Article20190731Various mite species such as predators, fungivores and parasites associated with insect species inhabiting stored maize grains were surveyed from 14 untreated stores maize located from different sites at Giza governorate during the two successive years 2016 and 2017. These mites feed on stored materials, fungus or being predators or parasites of store maize insects, so that they considered to be one of the most biological control agent for their associated insect and mite pests. Twenty one mite species belong to ten families and 14 genera in four suborderswere collected. Suborder Astigmata contains eight different species belonging to four genera in two families, suborder Prostigmatarepresented by six different species belonging to four genera in four families<strong>. </strong>In addition,six different species belonging to five genera in three different families in suborder Mesostigmata. Finally, suborder Cryptostigmata had one family Orbatulidae included one species. While the insects were recorded five families with six species in order Coleoptera.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710520190501Simple and Inexpensive Method to Modify Bee Honey Extractor with Moving Baskets to Radial Extractor is Easy to Jaw and Installion, or with Out Baskets2612684318310.21608/jppp.2019.43183ENA. M.ZohairyBee Research Dept., Plant Protection Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.Journal Article20190731This study was carried out on honey extractor with eight moving baskets to evaluate three methods for modification of this extractor (The most prevalent in Egypt) to radial extractor as following:- The first method, (1) Possibility to temporary modify of honey extractor with moving baskets to radial extractor, with retaining all components and parts of this extractor, by fixing the moving basket in the direction of the extractor radius by iron wire is n-shaped. So the honey are extracted from both sides of the honeycomb once at the same time. (2) The honeycomb head should be placed beside the moving axis of the basket, so do not break the combs. The second method, modify of the extractor with moving baskets to radial extractor is easy to jaw and installation and have twice the number of baskets, by making three circles of iron for fixed the baskets in the direction of the extractor radius, (1) With the present number of 8 baskets only, will save more than twice the time. (2) With the number twice of 16 baskets, it provides four times for the extractor with moving baskets. The third method, the modification to radial extractor without baskets, by making three circles of iron for fixed the combs (16 combs) in the direction of the extractor radius.The results showed that, the first method is a simple and inexpensive, honey combs don’t broken and providing twice the time, the honeycomb head should be placed beside the moving axis of the basket, so do not break the combs while the second method which is easy to jaw and installation and have double number of baskets. The third method, the extractor is very light, it provides four times comparing with the extractor have moving baskets, and all combs were intact and unbroken. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710520190501Comparative Toxicity of Certain Insecticides against Two Species of Fruit Flies2692744318710.21608/jppp.2019.43187ENSafaa M.HalawaPlant Protection Department, Fac. of Agric., Moshtohor, Benha UnivE. F.El-KhiatPlant Protection Department, Fac. of Agric., Moshtohor, Benha UnivRasha A.El-HosaryPlant Protection Department, Fac. of Agric., Moshtohor, Benha Univ.Maha M. S.IsmailPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptA. M. Z.MosallamPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190731The full grown larvae and pupae of 3-days oldof both <em>Bactrocera zonata</em> and <em>Ceratitis capitata</em> were sandy-soil-treated under laboratory conditions with five different insecticides to determine their comparative toxicity. The toxicity of the used compounds differently varied against the 3<sup>rd</sup> larval instar of <em>B. zonata</em>, where Marisol 1.8% EC (abamectin) surpassed the other tested compounds at LC<sub>50</sub> (5.343 µl/L), while Opal 5%EC (lufenuron) was the most effective insecticide against the 3<sup>rd</sup> larval instar of <em>C. capitata</em> showing the lowest value of LC<sub>50</sub> of 11.299 µl/L. Respecting to the three-day old pupae of the two tested species, Marisol 1.8%EC was the most potent compound at LC<sub>50</sub> (395.461 µl/L for <em>B. zonata</em> and 151.373 µl/L for <em>C. capitate</em>). The full grown larvae of <em>B. zonata </em>were the most susceptible to Heater 3%SC (lufenuron+emamectin benzoate) and Marisol 1.8%EC at both LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub>, where those of <em>C. capitata </em>showed tolerance level to the two insecticides by 7.78, 14.16 and 6.02, 8.47 fold at LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub>, respectively. But, pupae of <em>B. zonata</em> more tolerable than that of <em>C. capitate</em> to Glory 5%EC (lufenuron), Marisol 1.8%EC and Cymax 5%EC (lufenuron) at LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90 </sub>by 5.54, 2.61, 1.87 and 8.29, 2.32, 3.28 fold, respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710520190501Influence of the Temperature Degrees on the Biological Aspects of Cotton Mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Hibiscus Plants2752794319210.21608/jppp.2019.43192ENT. E.AtaDep. of Economic Entomology Fac. of Agric. Damietta University, EgyptJournal Article20190731The aim of this study shed light on the influence of two constant temperature degrees, 25±1°C, 30±1°C and fluctuate laboratory temperature ranged from 21.9±3.19°C to 31.7±3.91°C with an average of 26.8±3.5°C., on certain biological aspects of the cotton mealybug<em> Phenacoccus solenopsis</em> Tinsley (1989) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). The results showed that the total life cycle of the <em>solenopsis</em> mealybug was shorter for females compared to males and it was significantly affected by the tested temperature degrees, the females lasted 17.0±1.8, 14.7±1.5 and 20.6±2.4 days at 25±1°C, 30±1°C and fluctuated temperatures 26.8±3.5°C, respectively, Whereas the male life cycle required 18.8±1.5, 15.9±2.1 and 21.9±2.9 days at 25±1°C, 30±1°C and 26.8±3.5°C, on the Hibiscusplant leave (China rose)<em>, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis </em>L. respectively. The generation periods also significantly affected by the tested temperatures it was 28.2±3.0, 23.9±2.1 and 20.1±1.2 days for the insects reared at 25±1°C, 30±1°C and 26.8±3.5°C, respectively. Adult males lived shorter than females; the adult female’s longevity required 24.9±2.2, 22.2±3.2 and 24.3±2.0 days at 25±1°C, 30±1°C and 26.8±3.5°C, respectively, while adult males longevity lasted 2.5±1.1, 2.3±0.9 and 2.3±0.8 days at 25±1°C, 30±1°C and 26.8±3.5°C, respectively. The fecundity of the <em>solenopsis</em> mealybug also significantly affected by the tested temperatures; the females laid 349.3±85.8, 382.0±49.9 and 309.8±69.0 Eggs/female at 25±1°C, 30±1°C and 26.8±3.5°C, respectively. Sex ratio between males and females of <em>P. solenopsis</em> are not affected by the different tested temperatures. From the obtained results, it could be concluded that the cotton mealybug, lasted short time for the development at constant temperature degree of 30±1°C than the other temperatures of 25±1°C and fluctuated temperature of 26.8±3.5°C.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710520190501Degradation of Azoxystrobin, Lufenuron and Fenpyroximate Residues in/on Grape Fruits under Field Conditions.2812874319310.21608/jppp.2019.43193ENM. A.HammadPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190731Fungal infection and pests attack arevery serious problems that facing grapes growers in Egypt. Fungicide azoxystrobin, (Azostar<sup>® </sup>25%SC), insecticide lufenuron, (Cymax<sup>® </sup>5%EC) and acaricide fenpyroximate (Ortus super® 5%EC) are the most common pesticides used to control such pests (downy mildew, grape fruit worm <em>Eudemis botrana</em> and red spider mite, respectively) in Egypt. The present study was carried out to assess persistence Vs. degradation behavior of the mentioned pesticides when sprayed on foliage of grape plants under field conditions during fruiting stage at the recommended and double the recommended rates of application during the season of 2017 in Adam village, El-Nobaria district, El-Behaira Governorate, Egypt. Fruit samples were collected randomly, two hours (initial time) and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after application. Samples of treated and untreated (control) grape fruits were prepared, extracted, cleaned-up by QuEChERS analytical method before quantification by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and gas chromatography extended by electron capture detector (GC). The corresponding values for dissipation of the mentioned pesticides initial deposits, degradation percentages of residues, Residual Lifetime 50% (RL<strong><sub>50</sub></strong>), Residual Lifetime 90% (RL<strong><sub>90</sub></strong>) and pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) of the tested pesticides were determined. Results revealed that grape fruits remained higher initial amounts by (2.93 and 3.97), (0.82 and 1.14) and (1.74 and 1.94) mg kg<sup>-1</sup> azoxystrobin, lufenuron and fenpyroximate for both doses, respectively. As for RL<strong><sub>50</sub></strong>, RL<strong><sub>90</sub> </strong>andPHIs, values showed (3.22, 1.73, 1.85 days) and (9.71, 4.22 and 6.31 days) and (5, 6.89, 4.05 days) when the recommended doses were applied and also, (3.80, 10.4 and 6.85 days) and (1.91, 5.02 and 7.12 days) and (2.58, 6.09 and 5.24 days) at the double recommended rates of application, in/on grape, respectively. In general, azoxystrobin, lufenuron and fenpyroximate residue in/on grape fruits had low persistence. In addition, the grape fruits could be consumed safely after 5, 6.89, 4.05 days, respectively from treating by the recommended rate of azoxystrobin, lufenuron and fenpyroximate when compared by the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of the Codex Alimentarius Commission or the European Union (2, 0.01 and 0.01 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>), respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710520190501Influence of Different Plantations on the Main Piercing-Sucking Insect Pests Attacking Faba Bean and Soybean Plants2892924319710.21608/jppp.2019.43197ENS. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.F. D.AbdAllahPlant Protection Research Institute, Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Agriculture Research Center.Hala A. K.El-SerafiEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityWalaa B. F.BadawyPlant Protection Research Institute, Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Agriculture Research Center.Journal Article20190731The present investigation was conducted in the farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during 2015/ 16 and 2016/ 17 to determine the influence of sowing dates on the major piercing-sucking insect pests which infested faba bean and soybean plants. On faba bean plants,<em> Emposca</em> spp. ranked in the first category with the highest average number in October cultivated (60.35 ± 12.08 and 89.55 ± 11.29 indiv.) followed by M<em>. persicae</em> (37.30 ± 12.08 and 61.85 ± 12.74 indiv.) in both seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, in November implanted <em>A.</em><em> craccoivora</em> was recorded the highest average number (72.85 ± 23.86 and 270.45 ± 80.49 indiv.) followed by <em>Emposca</em> spp. (51.15 ± 7.76 and 69.25 ± 12.73 indiv.) in the two successive seasons, respectively. While, in December grown<em> Emposca</em> spp. came in the first category (53.30 ± 10.90 indiv.) in the first season and <em>M. persicae</em> observed the first category (63.35 ± 10.95 indiv.) during the second season. <em>P. solenopsis</em> was found the lowest average number in the different planting dates at the two successive seasons. On the other side, on soybean plants,<em> A. gossypii</em> arranged in the first category in the three plantations and observed the highest average number in the June plantation with values (248.80 ± 48.58and 332.45 ± 67.77 indiv.) followed by April plantation(149.05± 36.08 and 172.10 ± 38.93 indiv.) and May plantation (117.35 ± 26.67 and 167.4 ± 34.44 indiv.)in both seasons, respectively. Number of <em>B. tabaci</em> came in the second category in the three cultivated with the highest values in the June plantation with (216.50 ± 45.11 and232.5 ± 53.36 indiv.) followed by April plantation(143.85 ± 30.77 and 172.00 ± 32.97 indiv.) and May plantation (63.05 ± 15.69 and 87.05 ± 19.10 indiv.) during the two successive seasons, respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710520190501Biological Attributes of Chrysoperla Carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera- Chrysopidae) as a Natural Enemy of the Green Peach Aphid as Preys Reared on different Leguminous Host Plants2932964320010.21608/jppp.2019.43200ENS. S.AwadallaEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.F. D.AbdAllahPlant Protection Research Institute, Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Agriculture Research Center.Hala A. K.El-SerafiEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityWalaa B. F.BadawyPlant Protection Research Institute, Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Agriculture Research Center.Journal Article20190731The present experiments was carried out in both experimental farm and laboratory of Plant Protection Research Institute, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate for study the impact of <em>Myzus persicae</em>(Sulzer) which educated on different host plants on biological attributes of<em> Chrysoperla carnea</em> (Stephens)influence of the green peach aphid, <em>M. persicae</em> as a prey. There was no significant different in the incubation periods for <em>C.carnea</em> when the predator fed on<em> M. persicae</em> preys reared on different host plants (faba bean, kidney bean and cowpea).The shortest developmental time of the three larval instars for <em>C.carnea</em> recorded on <em>M. persicae</em> which reared on faba bean were 3.3, 4.6 and 4.9 days, respectively. Meanwhile, the longest developmental time of the three larval instars for <em>C.carnea</em> recorded on <em>M. persicae</em> which reared on Cowpea were 4.0, 5.4 and 5.7days, respectively. The total developmental time of immature stages was 23.1, 25.4and 26.3 days on the three tested host plants with significant differences. Male Longevity was 26.09, 21. 63 and 20.18 days with significant differences among <em>C.carnea </em>which fed on <em>M. persicae</em> was reared on the three leguminous plants. Fecundity of females was 109.20, 97.42 and 94.42 eggs/ female with significant differences among <em>C.carnea</em> which fed on <em>M .persicae</em> was reared on the three leguminous plants.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710520190501Sterilizing Activity of the Insect Growth Regulator, Lufenuron on Drosohpila melanogaster (Meigen)2973024320210.21608/jppp.2019.43202ENAmira S. M.IbrahimEcon. Entomol. Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh UnivJournal Article20190731Due to the complicated problems coming from excessive applications of insecticides, searching of safe substitutes to these insecticides has become necessity. Thus, the insect growth regulators are candidated to be used in such concern. The insect growth regulator, lufenuron was applied against <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> (Meigen) as mixed with the diet of the larvae, with concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ppm to test its efficacy as a sterilizer. Data showed that 5ppm treatment pushed up the larvae to speed pupation by the first two days after treatment. Overall results showed that 20 ppm recorded the highest pupation (94%) followed by 5, 10 ppm and control treatments with values of 87.5, 85.3 and 82.4%, respectively. The top concentration also caused the lowest adult emergence recording 39.4% then, 10, 5 ppm and control with values of 44.8, 71.4 and 85,7%, resp. The mortalities were arranged in descending order as follows 76.9, 35.0, 7.7 and 4.2% at 20, 5, 10 and control respectively. There were no dead adults recorded except on the ninth day at 10 ppm concentration and control. Regarding the sex ratio, it was greatly affected by lufenuron. It tended to increase the number of males. The number of males was four times the number of females at 5 ppm (1:4). There were no females at 20 ppm (0:12). Number of females was similar to that of males at 10 ppm (1:1). According to these results, the number of the output generation recorded 16 and 80 individuals after 10 and 15 days resp., compared to 96 and 220 individuals respectively in control. Females put eggs on the diet surface at 10 ppm, but it did not hatch. Uncompleted emergence was recorded at 5 and 20 ppm (21.4 and 52.9 %, respectively). Adults with deformed wings were recorded at 20 ppm as 11.8%. Total protein analysis and phenoloxidase activity were carried out. The reduction in total protein occurred in females due to lufenuron treatment. The highest reduction was 16.67 mg/ 1000 insects at 10 ppm concentration that affected on female fecundity. Phenoloxidase activity was high in males. It recorded 1153.33 M O.D./1000 insects at 10 ppm, which affected in male fertility. This may explain why the eggs did not hatch.