Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777320160301EFFECT OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON BROWN SPOT DISEASE AND RICE PRODUCTIVITY UNDER SALINE SOIL1711815013710.21608/jppp.2016.50137ENRabab M.ElamawiRice Pathology Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, EgyptS. M.BassiouniRice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.W. M.ElkhobyRice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.B. A.ZayedRice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.Journal Article20190928The present study investigates the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on rice plants growth and their role in management of brown spot disease caused by the causal agent <em>Helmenthosporium oryza</em>. The antifungal activity of ZnO-NPs (20 to 35 nm particle size) was evaluated at different concentrations<em>.</em> Spores germination percentage, colony formation and sporulation of <em>H. oryza </em>were reduced at concentrations 25 and 50 ppm,<em> in vitro. </em>The greenhouse results showed that seed soaking treatment and foliar spray 5 day before inoculation (DBI) of ZnO-NPs leaded to reduce infection percentage of brown spot without significant difference between ZnO-NPs concentrations. Foliar spray 2 days post-inoculation (DPI) with the lower concentrations 10 and 25 ppm of ZnO-NPs were able to reduce infection percentage of brown spot. Under field conditions, During 2013 and 2014 seasons at El-sirw Agriculture Research Station, Dammietta, Egypt, rice varieties Giza 177, Giza 178 and Giza 179 under ZnO-NPs level (0, 10, 20 and 30 ppm) as foliar spray twice at mid tillering and panicle initiation stages were evaluated. Application of ZnO-NPs at level 20 ppm effectively reduced brown spot disease severity and discolored grains of all tested varieties. The studied rice varieties were varied in their growth, yield attributes, grain yield and brown spot severity whereas Giza 178 and Giza 179 had good performance under ZnO-NPs treatments. Therefore both Giza 178 and Giza 179 had showed significant salt tolerance at 20 ppm of ZnO-NPs. The performance of Giza 177 as a salinity-sensitive variety was improved at 20 ppm ZnO-NPs. The all ZnO-NPs treatment positively improved rice growth, yield attributes, rice grain yield and brown spot severity over control treatment. Finally, ZnO-NPs can be used as future “nanofertilizers”.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777320160301EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION DOSES OF COTTON CROP INSECTS AND THEIR CERTAIN ASSOCIATED PREDATORS1831915014210.21608/jppp.2016.50142ENA. A.SalehPesticides Dept ., Fac . of Agric., Mansoura univ .Laila R.El-GoharyPesticides Dept ., Fac . of Agric., Mansoura univ .A. M.HamedCotton Pesticide Evaluation Department, Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Dokki,Giza, EgyptR. I.BazCotton Pesticide Evaluation Department, Plant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Dokki,Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190928Field experiments were carried out at Sidi Salem District, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate to study the influence of two nitrogen rates in combination with phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) at their balance rate N:P:K = by ratio of (67:30:24) and high (N) rate 1.5N:P:K by ratio of (100.5:30:24) on the population numbers of cotton aphids and whitefly(adults) infesting cotton crop in addition to some associated predators during tow seasons (2011 and 2012). Obtained results revealed that the population densities of aphids and whitefly(adult) were maximum during mid and later stages of cotton seasons according to temperature (Temp.) and relative humidity (R.H %) levels. The highest means of aphid, whitefly and associated predators populations in both study seasons were scouted in plot fertilized with high N fertilization 1.5N:P:K and vice versa. Statistical analysis showed highly significant differences between the population means of aphids, whitefly(adults) and associated predators No. in the two fertilizer ratios in both seasons. Also, the population densities of aphids and whitefly was higher in 2012 than that in 2011 season, it is dependent upon of the corresponding Temp. and R.H %. On the other hand, insignificant positive correlation was found between predators and aphids and whitefly (0.290 and 0.042) respect. in plants fertilized with N:P:K ratio, while there was highly positive correlation (0.697 and 0.608) with both sucking insects respect. in 1.5N:P:K during 2011 season. But, in 2012, season predators was positive and highly significant correlated (0.789 and 0.881) with aphids and whitefly respect. in fertilization ratio 1.5N:P:K. Highly significantly positive (0.728 ) and significant positive (0.500) correlations were found with aphids and whitefly respect. with fertilization N:P:K ratio.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777320160301EFFECT OF TEBUFENOZIDE AND DIFLUBENZURON ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COTTON LEAFWORM Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.) COMPARISON WITH CHLORPYRIFOS1931985014410.21608/jppp.2016.50144ENE. A.WahbaPlant Protection Research Institute Agricultural Research CenterJournal Article20190928During summer season, 2014 an experiment was carried out at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station Gharbia Governorate to evaluate the efficiency and latent effect of chlorpyrifos, tebufenozide, and diflubenzuron on some biological aspects of cotton leafworm <em>Spodoptera littoralis </em>(Boisd.). The efficiency and latent effect proved that these insecticides had high efficiency compared to the control treatment especially for the 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae followed with 5<sup>th</sup> instar and 6<sup>th</sup> instar ones. Tebufenozide was the most effective compound compared with the other two compounds in suppressing the insect development, while chlorpyrifos recorded the least toxic effect on 6<sup>th</sup> instar larvae after 15 days from treatment. Tebufenozide affected the development of <em>S. littoralis</em> pupationwhere, zero days of larval feedings treatment recorded zero pupae formation of the 4<sup>th</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> instar larvae. The highest mortality of pupae was recorded at the 5<sup>th</sup> day after treatments followed by the 10<sup>th</sup> day after treatments and finally at 15<sup>th</sup> day after treatments, for Tebufenozide, diflubenzuron and chlorpyrifos for all instars larvae,respectively.Tebufenozide recorded the highest mortality of pupae. The least moths emergence was recorded with tebufenozide in the 5<sup>th</sup> day after treatment with no significant differences with diflubenzuron for the 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae. The moths emergence increased gradually for the three tested compounds from the 4<sup>th</sup> to the 5<sup>th</sup> and the highest in case of the 6<sup>th</sup> instar larvae. Results showed that all treatments succeeded in reducing the alive instar larvae , high mortality of pupae and less number of moths emergence. Successful results happened to be more promising for the 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae than the 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> instar larvae.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777320160301COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF NEW INSECTICIDE FORMULATIONS AGAINST TOMATO LEAFMINER, Tuta absoluta, MEYRICK (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) IN EGYPT1992045014610.21608/jppp.2016.50146ENT. A.MashtolyDept. of Plant Protec., Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptNesreen A.S.HelalDept. of Horticulture, Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190928Tomato plants are the second most important vegetable crop grown in Egypt. Larvae of the tomato leafminer, <em>Tuta absoluta</em>, Meyrickare the most important and destructive pest of tomato, capable of causing up to 100% of tomato yield loss in some regions. Effectiveness of chemical control of <em>T. absoluta</em> is limited due to the insect's nature of damage as well as its rapid capability to develop resistance to diverse insecticides. A few synthetic pesticides have shown relative impact in decreasing field populations. However, these synthetic pesticides are not offered at economically affordable cost to many farmers. Two new formulations with more affordable cost, designed as Mash-T 15 EC and Mash-V 25 EC were prepared in our laboratory for control of <em>T. absoluta</em>. Physicochemical properties were in accordance with the FAO/WHO specifications 2010. Bioassay of commonly used pesticides against <em>T. absoluta </em>in Egypt, including Coragen® 20 SC (Chlorantraniliprole), Avaunt® 15 EC (Indoxacarb), and <em>Proclaim</em>®5 WDG (Emamectin benzoate) in comparison with Mash-T and Mash-V against L2/L3 larvae using impregnated romaine lettuce leaves in leaf dipping technique was done. Results support that Chlorantraniliprole was the most effective formulation against <em>T. absoluta</em> larvae, followed by Mash-V. Mash-T and Indoxacarb had moderate activity levels, but emamectin benzoate showed low levels of activity at affordable concentrations. Statistical analyses did not detect any significant differences at LC<sub>50</sub> level between Chlorantraniliprole and Mash-V, or between Indoxacarb and Mash-T. However, significant differences were found between emamectin benzoate and other tested pesticides. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777320160301TOXICOLGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF SOME RECOMMENDED AND ALTERNATIVE COMPOUNDS ON COTTON LEAFWORM Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD) (LEPIDOPTERA:NOCTUIDE) IN COTTON FIELDS.2052135014910.21608/jppp.2016.50149ENA A.ASaidpesticide Department, Faculty of Agric, Mansoura, Univ.M. M.Kadypesticide Department, Faculty of Agric, Mansoura, Univ.H. M.H.Al-ShannafPlant Protection InstituteSalwa E.Negmpesticide Department, Faculty of Agric, Mansoura, Univ.M. A.S.SalamaPlant Protection InstituteJournal Article20190928Field and laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate the two insect growth (IGRs), lufenuron and teflubenzuron, antifeedant compoundindoxacab, miniral oil(Kz oil), compound Protecto, <em>Bacillus thuringinsis</em>(Bt)and Dursban, chlorpyrifos against the larvae of cotton leafworm, <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>(Boisd.).Field experiment conducted during 2013 and 2014 seasons at KafrSakrregion, SharkyiaGovernorate, Egypt. Results revealed that,chlorpyrifos recordedhighest initial reduction (89.38 and 88.39%), residual mean (88.52 and 87.72%) and annual mean (87.74 and 87.37%) on<em>Spodoptera littoralis </em>during the two successive seasons, respectively.
In regarding to the biochemical activites of treated larvae in laboratory the all tested compoundsdisruptedthe testedactivities. The highest effect on the total soluble protein as specific activity( SA) of 40.57 mg/g.bwt recorded for 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae treated with LC<sub>50</sub> concentration of chlorpyrifose and sampled after 3 days of treatment, while the highest reduction in relative activity (RA%) of - 54.15% recorded for larvae treated with LC<sub>50</sub> concentration of Betavant and sampled after 3 days also. The tested compounds at selected concentrations of LC<sub>25</sub> and LC<sub>50</sub> also disrupted GOT and GPT activities of treated larvae where the highest GOT as SA (2574.33±30.4 u * 10<sup>3</sup>g.sbwt) recorded for larvae treated with LC<sub>25</sub> concentration and sampled after 3 days of treatment, while the highest relative activity RA% -43.36%was exhibited in case of after 7 days of treat.the larvae treated with chlorpyrifose and sampled . The highest effect on GPT as SA (711.33±5.2 u *10<sup>3</sup> g. bwt) was recorded for larvae treated with Komatch at concentration of LC<sub>25</sub>and sampled at 3rd days of treatment, while the highest relative activity% -64.05 recorded for larvae treated with LC<sub>50</sub> concentration of Betavant and sampled at 3<sup>rd</sup> day of treatment also. Inregarding to the effect of tested compounds on carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes;invertase, trehalase and amylase determined as µg glucose/min g.bwt/days. The highest values were 405.679±9.03, 222.33±7.26 and 123±3.31 recorded for larvae treated with LC<sub>25</sub>of Kz oil, LC<sub>50</sub> of Kz oil and LC<sub>25</sub> of Betavant sampled at 3<sup>rd </sup>day of treatment for invertase, trehalase and amylase enzymes,respectively.On the other hand, the highest relative activity RA% of -0.53, -0.44 and -0.61 were recorded for larvae treated with LC<sub>50</sub> of Nomult (at 3days of treatment), LC<sub>25</sub> of Nomult (at 3<sup>rd </sup>day of treatment) and LC<sub>50</sub> of Kz oil (at 7 days of treatment) that for invertase, trehalase and amylase, respectively.