Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501Biochemical Genetic Studies on Genotype Strains of Med-Fly Ceratitis capitata ( Wied. )2732805030910.21608/jppp.2016.50309ENN. SSabrahDepartment of Genetic, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University.A. M.El-MinshawyDepartment of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University.A. I.AwadPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza.Journal Article20190929The biochemical studies were carried out on larvae, pupae and adult stages of four Med-fly genotypes, i.e. two laboratory strains (dark and yellow pupae), genetic sexing line (G.S.) and wild strain. Isoelectrophoresis of Alkaline phosphatase (AP), Esterase and Polyphenol oxidase enzymes were determined with further genetic variations, for their controlling of physiological reaction. Results of electrophoresis indicated that four zones of isozyming bands in Alkaline phosphatase are designated according to the migration from the origin line. The functional genes of Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes of larvae were higher in band numbers and activities than in pupae and adult extractions in all materials. The highest activity units of bands were found in extraction of the adult male samples of (G.S.) line. No great variations were found between males and females in wild genotype and the two lab. strains. The esterase isozymes showed three banding zones designated corresponding to the migration from the origin line in all extracted materials. The genes controlling the activity of isoesterases varied from banding zone to another according to the stage of development. The first zone of larval stage, and the second zone of pupal stage were more active than the other zones, while, all the three zones were more active in adult stage. For polyphenol oxidase isozymes the two methods used of enzymatic analysis indicated that larval stage was more active than in other stages, The yellow pupae strain and (G.S.) line showed activity in polyphenol oxidase enzyme than the other genotypes.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501The Effect of Some Insecticides on Parasitized and Non- Parasitized Spodoptera littoralis Larvae2812855031510.21608/jppp.2016.50315ENR. A.HendiPlantProtection Research Institute,Agr. Res. Center, EgyptE. A.MohamedFaculty of Agriculture, Alexandria UniversityE. M.HegaziFaculty of Agriculture, Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20190929Three insecticides, recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, for use against cotton and vegetable pests were tested . These insecticides were methomyl, methamidophos and chlorpyrifos. These insecticides were tested against the third instar of<em> Spodoptera littorali</em>s(Boisd.)larvae parasitized by <em>Microplitis rufiventris</em> (kok.) and non-parasitized <em>S.littoralis</em> larvae of the same age.In the first part which larvae fed oncastor oil leaves contaminated with insecticides.The insecticides can be arranged in the following descending order according to their LC<sub>50</sub> 's and statisticaly analysis. In larvae, chlorpyrifos,methomyl and methamidophos. In the second part which larvae fed on poisoned semi-artificial died. The tested insecticides can be arranged in the following descending order according to their LC<sub>50</sub> 's and statistical analysis. In both parasitized and non-parasitized larvae, methomyl, methamidophos, chlorpyrifos.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501Effect of Pollen Contaminated with Some Heavy Metals and Amitraz on the Physiological Conditions of Honeybee Workers Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)2872905054810.21608/jppp.2016.50548ENM. E. M.EsmaelDepartment of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria UniversityM. S. E.MahgoubDepartment of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria UniversityMagda H. A.SalemDepartment of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria UniversityN. S. S.El-BarbaryDepartment of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20190930Pollen grains are virtually the main source of protein, fats, vitamins and minerals in the diet of the honeybee, necessary for normal growth and development. The present study is concerned with the effect of pollen contaminated with the heavy metals cadmium, chromium and the acaricide Amitraz on the hypopharyngeal glands development, growth (changes in the dry weight of thorax ) and worker longevity. The obtained results showed that feeding the newly emerged workers on the control candy patty (candy + 10 % pollen) for 10 days promoted the hypopharyngeal glands development and the mean dry weight of thorax to the highest level compared with those bees fed on candy patty contaminated with various concentrations of both cadmium and chromium (0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 10 ppm). Statistical analysis showed that, no significant differences were found between the experimental diets, except chromium at the 10 ppm concentration which significantly decreased the hypopharyngeal glands development and the mean dry weight of thorax .Concerning the longevity of workers fed on the experimental diets contaminated with chromium and cadmium, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences between all the tested diets. With regard to the effect of the acaricide (Amitraz) on bees fed on diets contaminated with any concentration of (0.05, 0.1, .05, 1.5 and 3 ppm.). all of these concentrations failed in promoting the development of the hypopharyngeal glands. For, the mean dry weight of thorax and the longevity of workers fed on Amitraz, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences were found between the experimental dites.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501Biological Control of the Chrysanthemum Aphid, Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillete) by Release Coccinella septempunctata l. on Chrysanthemum Plants2912955054910.21608/jppp.2016.50549ENA. S.EmamPlant Protection Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptJournal Article20190930The seven-spotted ladybird, <em>Coccinella septempunctata</em> L. (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) was released for one time, at early-February on chrysanthemumplants during the two successive seasons 2013 and 2014, at Giza Governorate at rates of 30, 60 and 90 eggs/plant. On chrysanthemum plants: during the first season (2013), the reduction percentages in the population of<em> Macrosiphoniella sanborni </em>(Gillete) increased gradually with elapse of time reaching the maximum. The achieved average reductions in aphid population, were 21.9, 39.3, 46.3, 53.3 and 60.4% on mid-February, first-March, mid-March, first-April and mid-April (2013), respectively in the first level of release (30 eggs/plant). The same trend was achieved in the second season tested (2014). Also, in the second level of release (60 eggs/plant) during the first season (2013), the reduction percentages in the population of<em> M. sanborni </em>increased gradually with elapse of time reaching the maximum. The achieved average reductions in aphid population were 39.2, 50.1, 57.3, 61.9 and 71.4% on mid-February, first-March, mid-March, first-April and mid-April, respectively. The same trend was achieved in the second season (2014). The same trend was observed with the third level of release (90 eggs/plant), the reduction percentages in the population of<em> M. sanborni </em>increased gradually with elapse of time reaching the maximum. The achieved average reductions in aphid population were 40.7, 62.1, 70.4, 78.3 and 86.8% on mid-February, first-March, mid-March, first-April and mid-April, respectively. In addition, the same trend was achieved in the second season (2014). The present work has shown that the seven-spotted ladybird, <em>C. septempunctata</em> L. could used successfully, as a biocontrol agent in an integrated program for controlling <em>M. sanborni </em>on chrysanthemum plants.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501Effect of Rose ( Rosa gallica ) Flowers Color on the Infestation by the Rose Aphid, Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus)2973025055210.21608/jppp.2016.50552ENA. S.EmamPlant Protection Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptFarha H.FargallaPlant Protection Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptSamia M.Abo ZeidPlant Protection Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptJournal Article20190930Experiments were carried out to study the effect of rose (<em>Rosa gallica</em>) flowers color on the infestation of adults and nymphs of the rose aphid, <em>Macrosiphum rosae</em> (Linnaeus),( Aphididae, Hemeptera). Using five varieties of rose similar in the horticulture characters but different in the flowers color only. Carmen (red), Virginia (white), Freedom (yellow), Queen (blue) and Dream (pink) Experiments were done in two locations El-Orman Garden, Giza Governorate and International Garden, Cairo Governorate throughout 2015season. In both Governorates (Giza and Cairo), the infestation with the rose aphid adults began to appear on the 1<sup>st</sup> February and recorded the activity peak during April then decreased until beginning of August. The flowers color of <em>R. gallica </em>may arrange for attracted the rose aphid adults, as follow: yellow, red, blue, pink and white, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that highly significant differences between the five flowers color (varieties) of <em>R. gallica</em> on the attraction of adults of the rose aphid, <em>M. rosae</em>. In the same trend, the infestation with the rose aphid nymphs began to appear on February and increase gradually lasting to the first pike in April, then the population began decreased until beginning of August. It can be arranging the flowers color of <em>R. gallica</em> for attract of the rose aphid (nymphs) as follows: yellow, red, blue, pink and white. Statistical analysis showed that highly significant differences between the five flowers color (varieties) of <em>R. gallica</em> on the attraction of <em>M. rosae</em> nymphs.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501Effect of Antennae on the Honey Bee Queens Behavior Inside and Outside of their Hives3033065055410.21608/jppp.2016.50554ENSawsan M.AbdelmegeedPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190930The present study was carried out during season 2014 using honey bee colonies headed with open mated local Italian queens, <em>Apis mellifera lugustica</em>, at the apiary belonging to Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, to explain the role of antennae of queens in controlling or managing their behavior. The experiment was done by using 12 virgin or mated queens. Each of them was divided equally into four treatment i.e queens with only one flagellum, queens without the last segments of both flagella, queens without both flagella and control. The results showed that the virgin queens with one (single) flagellum could be mated and laid eggs regularly but the virgin queens without flagellum did not leave their hive. On the other hand, when the last segment of both flagella was cut in virgin queens, they could not return to their hive and may be lost. The mated queens with one (single) flagellum and without the last segment (No 10) of flagellum could lay their eggs regularly in combs as the control but mated queens without flagellum stopped laying eggs for one week then began to lay eggs unregularly in the comb, lay two eggs in the same cell and put the drone’s eggs in small cells (25 cells/ inch<sup>2</sup>). The number of sealed brood cells in the first and second treatments was significantly as the same as control (mated queen with single flagellum and mated queens without the last segment of flagellum). On contrast, the mated queens without both flagella had significantly less numbers of brood cells than other treatments.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501Impact of Winter Feeding with Some Protein Pollen Supplement Diets on the Biological Activities of Honeybees3073105055610.21608/jppp.2016.50556ENH. M.MahfouzDept. of Plant Production, Fac. of Environ. Agric. Sci., Al-Arish, Suez Canal Univ., EgyptJournal Article20190930Different protein sources, defatted soybean flour, casein or whey protein concentrate, were used for the preparation of three protein pollen supplement diets to feed colonies of <em>Apis mellifera carnica, </em>during the winter season. The effect of studied protein pollen supplement diets on food consumption (%), sealed brood area (In<sup>2</sup>), pollen stores (In<sup>2</sup>) and honeybee strength (in terms of mean number of combs covered with bees) of the colonies were recorded. The results indicated that, the defatted soybean flour or whey protein concentrate pollen supplement diet was more consumed by the honeybee colonies than casein pollen supplement diet. Also, the highest areas of worker sealed brood, stored pollen and colony population density were observed with defatted soybean flour or whey protein concentrate pollen supplement diet. Casein pollen supplement diet was found to be the lowest consumed and showed the lowest biological activities among three tested pollen supplement diets. There was a positive relationship between the amount of diet consumed and the changes in worker sealed brood, stored pollen and colony population density. Defatted soybean flour or whey protein concentrate in pollen supplement diets of honeybees during winter season proved to be very effective and could be valuable to improve colony parameters.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501Efficiency of Some Anticoagulants Against The Albino Norway Rat, Rattus Norvegicus Under Laboratory Conditions3113145055710.21608/jppp.2016.50557ENA. A.AsranPlant Protection Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptFatma K.KhidrPlant Protection Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMona A.AliPlant Protection Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptNadia M. S.El-HawashyPlant Protection Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190930This work aim to clear the effect of LD<sub>50</sub> values of varied anticoagulants on the body weight reduction, day to death and appetency percentage for male, female and juvenile of the albino Norway rat, <em>R. norvegicus</em> under laboratory conditions. The gained results could be concluded as next: The LD<sub>50</sub> values of the treated male, female and juvenile of <em>R. norvegicus</em> with each of Bromadiolone, Difenacoum and Chlorophacinone were; (0.81, 0.91 and 0.78 mg/kg b.w.), (1.40, 1.54 and 1.27 mg/kg b.w.) and (6.02, 6.13 and 5.92 mg/kg b.w.), respectively. These figures proved that adult male was more susceptible than female for the whole tested anticoagulants, meanwhile juvenile was more susceptible than adult. The body weight reduction percentages for male, female and juvenile were; (13.9, 10.7 and 14.3%), (21.8, 13.7 and 13.5%) and (10.2, 10.9 and 18.2%) for Bromadiolone, Difenacoum and Chlorophacinone, respectively. In addition, mean day to death of the treated individuals with LD<sub>50</sub> values of Bromadiolone, Difenacoum and Chlorophacinone were (6.0, 6.0 and 4.6 days), (4.0, 6.0 and 4 day) and (6.8, 6.6 and 4.5 day) respectively. In other words, Difenacoum was the most effective one against the experimental individuals followed by Bromadiolone and Chlorophacinone. Also, the results proved that the adult (male and female) and juvenile which treated with the tested anticoagulants lost their appetite for the introduced plain food after the treatment gradually. As well as, the data cleared that there is a positive link between appetency percentage and the body weight reduction for adult (male and female) and juvenile both of <em>R. norvegicus</em>. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501Combination of Halauxifen - Methyl + Florasulamwith Other Grassy Herbicides Against Complex Weed Flora in Wheat (Triticumaestivum)3153205056110.21608/jppp.2016.50561ENS. M.MahmoudDepartment of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alex., Egypt.F. S.SolimanDepartment of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alex., Egypt.M. ElsheikDepartment of crop production.Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alex., Egypt.Journal Article20190930Two field experiments were carried out in Alexandria and El-Beheira governorates in Egypt to evaluate the biological efficacy of a ready mix herbicide Paradigm (Halauxifen-methyl + Florasulam) with application rate 21 gm/fed combined with Pyroxsulam (160 ml/fed), Pinoxaden (550 ml/fed), Clodinafop-propargyl (140 gm/fed) and Diclofop-methyl (1000 ml/fed) compared to Pyroxsulam (Pallas), Atlantis (Iodosulfuran + Mesosulfuron) and unweededcheck on winter wheat in 2014, herbicides were applied at tillering stage in both regions. Paradigm with its combinations with grassy weed herbicides showed excellent control on<em>Medicagohispida, Beta vulgaris, Malvaprviflora, Anagallisarvensis, Coronopussquamatus, Sonchusoleraceus</em>and<em> Brassica nigra</em> .On the other hand, the best efficacy on grassy weed mass, visual weed estimation and percentage of grassy seed heads were obtained from Paradigm combinations with Pyroxsulam and Pinoxaden only at tillering stage in Alexandria region, while its combination with Clodinafop-propargyl and Diclofop-methyl did not improve grassy herbicidal activity in both trials compared to standard herbicides, Generally the combinations showed good control for broad weed leaves in both locations, while in grassy leaves it showed better control in Alexandria than in El-Beheira governorate.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501Allelopathic Potential of Five Weed Extracts on Portulacaolercea l. and Setariaglauca l. Beauv3213255056210.21608/jppp.2016.50562ENS. M.MahmoudDepartment of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alex., Egypt.Journal Article20190930Five weeds (<em>Echnichloacolonum, Cyperusrotundus, Xanthium pungens</em>wallr<em>, Solanum nigrum</em>and <em>Echinochloa crus galli</em>) were tested for allelopathiceffect <em>onPortulaceaoleracea</em> L.and <em>Setariaglauca</em>L. Beauv. in faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University. Different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50%) from the stock solution of leaf extract were used to evaluate its effect on germination, shoot and root length as well as vigour index. The results showed that low concentrationsdid not affect tested parameters but higher concentrations specially 30 and 50% caused significant reduction in all these parameters.Allelopathic effect of these weeds was observed especially in the case of <em>Xanthiumpungens</em>, <em>Echnichloacolonum</em> on <em>Portulaceaoleracea</em> and <em>Echnichloacolonum</em>, <em>Cyperusrotundus</em> on <em>Setariaglauca</em>.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501Nematicidal Effect of Sunn Hemp Amendment on Infectivity and Reproductivity of Soil Nematodes in Vegetable Plants3273235056510.21608/jppp.2016.50565ENEntsar H.EntsarDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20190930The first step to control many noxious nematodes by using organic amendments, is to select the suitable biocidal plant such as, sunn hemp (SH) <em>Crotalaria juncea</em> L. this plant used mainly as a green manure and it is a poor host for several plant- parasitic nematodes as well. In the present study Sunn hemp was cultivated as an amendment plant in the crop rotation. The dried dropped leaves were plowed in the soil. After two weeks, the initial population (Pi) of nematodes was estimated, the land was divided into small plots and cultivated with one of following plants: <em>Lactuca sativa </em>L<em>.</em>, <em>Chorchorus olitarius </em>, <em>Cucumis sativus</em>, <em>Allium cepa</em>, <em>Lycopersicum esculentum</em>, <em>Capsicum annum</em>, <em>Solanum melongena</em><strong>, </strong><strong><em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em></strong><strong>, </strong><strong><em>Vigna sinenses</em></strong>and <em>Vicia faba</em>. Final population (Pf) and rate of reproduction were estimated, and data showed that, lethal effects varied with regard to nematode type. <em>Rotylenchulus reniformis </em>was the high tolerant to SH as a green manure followed by <em>Pratylenchus, </em>while, <em>Meloidogyne </em>and<em> Helicotylenchus</em> were less tolerant to sunn hemp amendment. On the other hand, sunn hemp increased the abundances of non parasitic nematodes. In conclusion, using sunn hemp could increase the fertility of the soil, and promising as an alternative for managing plant parasitic nematodes efficiently and has the ability to enhance the free living nematodes.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501Nematicidal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in laboratory and screenhouse3333375056610.21608/jppp.2016.50566ENEntsar H.EntsarDepartment of Plant protection- Faculty of Agriculture- Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20190930In this investigation, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were evaluated as a nematicidal substance in laboratory and screenhouse experiments. Second infective juveniles (IJ2) of <em>Meloidogyne</em> <em>incognita</em> were exposed to AgNP in water at with the consternations of 20, 40, 200, 500, and 1500 ppm/ml. the concentration of 200 ppm caused 52% mortality at the third day, while 500 ppm caused 51% mortality after one day and 64%, 82% after the second and the final day, respectively. The most effective concentration was 1500 ppm which caused 89%, 93, and 96.5 %, respectively. In the screen house experiment, all the concentrations of AgNP inhibited the nematode growth (gall and egg formation and final population) and eggs hatchability. However the high concentrations of 200 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1500 ppm were more significant in their effect. The application of AgNP didn’t show toxic effect on the plant growth or the free living nematodes. It can be concluded that, the laboratory assays to the nematicidal effect of AgNP, and the screenhouse evaluation demonstrated that, its nano silver may be a more safety alternative method to control root knot nematodes.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-36777520160501The Maturity and Semen Quantity Inside Endophallus of Collected Drones Apis mellifera l. in Different Conditions Under the Egyptian Environment3393465056710.21608/jppp.2016.50567ENNadia M. Kh.HassonaEconomic Entomology & honey bee breeding, Plant protection Department, Faculty of agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, EgyptJournal Article20190930The bee drones have an important role for bees such as mating with the queen in the mating season. Here is, the drones reared in March and April then they start to go out of colonies in May and collected them through (May –June –July and August) in two difference periods of time (13.30 h -14.30 h and 15.30 h -16.30 h) under different weather condition. Then measure these entire factors and their effects on maturity of drones and amount of produced semen. Highest total average number of mature drones was 24.00±13.36 drone with the biggest amount of semen 14.50±11.02 µl and for one mature drone was 0.552±0.142 µl / mature drone in July. In addition, the highest average number of mature drones was 23.00±5.75 drones through the period of time 15.30 h – 16.30 h with the biggest amount of semen 13.00±4.68 µl and 0.540±0.090 µl / one mature drone. The correlation between temperature and mature drones indicated that the significant effect was <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.157 and <em>P </em>= 0.045, and between temperature and semen quantity was<em> R<sup>2</sup></em>= 0.153 and<em> P</em> = 0.048. The correlation between humidity and mature drones was <em>R<sup>2</sup></em>= 0.249and<em> P</em> = 0.009 also between humidity and semen quantity was <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.237 and <em>P</em> = 0.012. In addition for the wind speed was found that the significant effect on mature drones was <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.226, and <em>P</em> = 0.014) and for quantity of semen was<em> R<sup>2</sup></em>= 0.215 and <em><br /> P</em> = 0.017.