Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367771020161001Laboratory and Semi Field Evaluation of Garlic Aqueous Extract as Acaricide Against Two Tetranychid Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae)6236285208510.21608/jppp.2016.52085ENMariam G.HabashyCrops and Cotton Mites Department, Plant Protec. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Hala H.Al-AkhdarCrops and Cotton Mites Department, Plant Protec. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Doaa M.BoraieStored Products and Grains Department, Plant Protec. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Zeinab E.GhareebCentral Lab.For Design and Stat. Anal. Res., Agric. Res. Center, Giza. Egypt.Journal Article20191003The two-spotted spider mite, <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the carmine spider mite, <em>Tetranychus cinnabarinus</em> (Boisduval), are two of the most important mite pests of different host plants in Egypt. These mites are spreading rapidly because of their resistance to acaricides; therefore, it was necessary to develop a new biological control tactics for mite management. Plant extracts, such as garlic extract (<em>Allium sativum</em> Linn.), may represent easy, available and viable alternative, because they are considered to be minimum-risk pesticides. A series of laboratory and semi-field experiments were considered to determine the susceptibility of adult mite females to different concentrations of garlic aqueous extract (G.A.E.). Mortality was measured upon treatment with five concentrations ranging from 1 to 25% W/V. Female mortality increased with concentration, <em>T. urtica</em>e was more tolerant than <em>T. cinnabarinus</em> through laboratory studies as maximum mortality values were 90% and 100% after 24 hours using concentration 25% W/V, respectively. The chemical composition of the <em>Allium sativum</em> aqueous extract was characterized by GC/MS analysis which revealed the occurrence of 33 compounds, of which the major compound was identified as 2- Furancarboxaldehyde,5-(hydroxymethyl). The efficacy of G.A.E. was evaluated against <em>T. urtica</em>e and <em>T. cinnabarinus </em>under semi-field conditions. Highest reduction (89.75 %) in <em>T. urticae </em>population was recorded by using concentration 50% W/V one day after treatment (DAT). <em>T. cinnabarinus</em> was more tolerant under the semi-field conditions as the reduction was (80.14 %) using the same concentration. G.A.E. is effective in the control of both tetranychids. It is promising candidates for biological control of these two mite pests.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367771020161001Sticky Traps as Monitoring Tools for the Flight Activity and Population Density of Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Assiut Governorate6296325208910.21608/jppp.2016.52089ENA. A.Abd El-RaheemPlant Protec. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20191003The experiments were carried out at the experimental farm of Assiut Agricultural Station (Arab-Elawamer) - Abnoub province - during two successive growing seasons 2013 and 2014. The aim is the evaluation of the population trends of onion thrips, <em>Thrips tabaci</em> Lind. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and its relation to plant age and certain abiotic factors (temperatures and relative humidity %) that have been evaluated by the direct count on onion plants. Also, flight height activity of this insect pest and it's relation to plant height has been evaluated by sticky traps methodology. By the using of plants direct count three peaks during first January, mid-February and late March in both seasons were recorded. The obtained results revealed that the third peak is equal 1.71 and 1.16 fold of the first and the second peaks, respectively. Thrips peaks were coincided with the optimum (max. and min.) temperatures<sup> º</sup>C with positive correlation coefficient (r) with the pest populations. However, the relative humidity % (max. and min.) showed a negative (r) with the pest populations during the two studied seasons. Plant age showed positive (r) with the pest populations and appeared as the third factor responsible for <em>T. tabaci</em> population fluctuations. By using both yellow and white sticky traps the pest exhibited two peaks. The first peak showed quietly high numbers at February, 6 while the second peak showed the pest greatest numbers at March, 27 in both seasons. Data revealed that yellow and white sticky traps hanged at 30 cm height, captured the highest numbers at the first peak. However, those hanged at 60 cm height captured the greatest numbers at the second peak. Traps hanged at 90 cm height captured the least numbers at both peaks. Data reported that there were a positive (r) between plant height and thrips populations. It is important to note that the two peaks of <em>T. tabaci </em>recorded by sticky traps were appeared one week before the 2<em><sup>nd</sup></em> and 3<em><sup>rd</sup></em> peaks recorded by direct count method. So, sticky traps can be consistently detected thrips earlier than direct count and could be used instead of plant counts to monitor onion thrips populations.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367771020161001Effect of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Biocides Against House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)6336365209110.21608/jppp.2016.52091ENA. M.Abdel-RaheemEconomic Entomology& Agricultural Zoology Dept. , Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.B. M.EldafrawyEconomic Entomology& Agricultural Zoology Dept. , Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.Journal Article20191003
The biological and toxicological effects of the formulations of three entomopathogenic fungi, <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> , Biovar, <em>Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</em>, Apopka Strain 97and <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em>, Bioranza, on house fly,<em> Musca domestica</em> L. were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Bioassays experiments were done to determine the effective concentration of fungi, which could be further formulated as a commercial biopesticide against domestic insects. The obtained results indicated that all tested fungi, applied at 1 % concentrations gave the lowest mortality percentages of house fly larvae ranging between 15 - 31.3 %. <em>Metarhizium anisopliae </em>4 % gave the highest mortality percentages of house fly larvae (54 %). The lowest numbers of pupated larvae were recorded with the treatments of <em>B. bassiana</em>, <em>P. fumosoroseus</em> and<em> M. anisopliae</em> at 4 % concentrations. In addition, results indicated that there were significant differences in the numbers of emerged adults between all treatments and control, where the least numbers were recorded with the treatments of the tested fungi at 4 % concentration. The least percentages of emerged adults were recorded with the treatments of <em>B. bassiana</em>, <em>P. fumosoroseus,</em> and <em>M. anisopliae </em>at the treatments of 4 % concentration resulting 37.1, 38.5, and 35.7 %, respectively, in comparison with control treatment which resulted 90%.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367771020161001Evaluation of Some Attractive Materials and Application Control Methods on the Efficacy of Certain Pesticides Against Monacha cartusiana Snail Under Field Conditions in Sharkia Governorate.6376405209310.21608/jppp.2016.52093ENSh. A. A.IsmailPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza.F. M.Abou SennaZoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar University, CairoM. AbedPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, GizaJournal Article20191003The effect of attractive materials and several application control methods of poisonous baits on the efficacy of Agrinate and Gastrotox against <em>Monacha cartusiana</em> snail were studied under field conditions. Results revealed that sugarcane syrup had the upper hand in increasing reduction percentages of <em>M. cartusiana</em> followed by (mixture of sugarcane syrup with yeast) and Birell syrup (barley syrup) while the yeast alone had the lowest reduction percentage. Regarding to the evaluation of three application control methods of poisonous baits for (Gastrotox and Agrinate) it gave different results. The hand sowing of Gastrotox is the best method followed by stack under plant while application on plastic pieces has the lowest reduction percentages. Conversely, application of Agrinate on plastic pieces gave the highest reduction percentage while hand sowing was the lowest one. Finally it cloud be recommended that application of Agrinate (prepared bait) on plastic pieces and hand sowing of Gastrotox (ready baits)were the best methods for controlling land snail under field conditions.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367771020161001Emulsions and Nanoemulsions Formation from Wild and Cultivated Thyme and Marjoram Essential Oils for Weeds Control6416485209510.21608/jppp.2016.52095ENM. A.BalahPlant Protection Dept., Desert Res. Center, El-Mataria, Cairo, EgyptW. M.Abd El AzimMedicinal Plant Dept., Desert Res. Center, El-Mataria, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20191003Essential oils and its formulation macroemulsion (Mac-E) and nanoemulsion (Nano-E) of<em> Thymus capitatus </em>L. (wild and cultivated thyme) and<em> Majorana hortensis</em> L. (marjoram) herbicidal activity were investigated against <em>Convolvulus</em><em> arvensis</em>and<em>Setaria</em><em> viridis</em> seeds and seedlings growth. The suitable systems from oils, water and surfactants for macroemulsion (Mac-E), with addition to co-surfactant for nanoemulsion (Nano-E) were chosen and optimizing based on the stability tests and biological properties. Nanoemulsions seems transparent or translucent and had particle size reached 5.3, 12.0 and 22.1 nm for <em>M. hortensis</em>, <em>T. capitatus</em> wild and <em>T. capitatus</em> cultivated respectively. Depending on ED<sub>50,</sub> <em>M. hortensis </em>(oils, Mac-E and Nano-E) had been exhibited strong herbicidal activity on <em>C. arvensis, </em>however, the lowest activity was achieved from <em>T</em><em>. capitatus</em> cultivated followed by <em>T. capitatus</em> wild. The Nano-E exhibited post emergence properties pronounced than others formulation on<em> C. arvensis </em>at 5-7 leaves stage under the greenhouse. The herbicidal activity based on types of oils, concentration and formulations as well as the weed stage. These result showed that nano-formulations can be contribute in perennial weeds control programs.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367771020161001Population Abundance of the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (oliv.) Adults on date Palm Plantations in Baharia Oases Giza Governorate - Egypt6496545209710.21608/jppp.2016.52097ENA. E.HussainPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al- Azhar University.S. F.ElsharabasyThe Central Laboratory of Date Palm Research and Development.M. M. M.MegahedPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al- Azhar University.A. R. M.Abd ElmagidThe Central Laboratory of Date Palm Research and Development.Journal Article20191003This is the first study on Red Palm Weevil <em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</em> (Oliv.) in Baharia Oases. The aim of the present work was to study the population abundance of <em>R. ferrugineous</em> (<em>Oliv.</em>) adults in relation to two climatic factors using attracting pheromone traps on date palm plantation. This work was carried out during January 2013 to December 2014 in Baharia Oases, Giza Governorate- Egypt. The obtained results recorded that adults emerging continually throughout the year. The lowest adults population was recorded during January and December in the two tested years, the population showed two peaks of adult population for each year. The first peak in 2013 recorded at the second week of April while the second peak recorded at second week of October. In 2014 the first peak recorded at second week of March and the second peak at the second week of September. There were different effects of daily mean temperature and relative humidityon the population activity of <em>R. ferrugineous</em>. The sex ratios of male to female were 1: 2.5 and 1: 2.4 during 2013 and 2014 respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367771020161001Evaluation the Efficacy of Some Phenolic Compounds in Controlling Bacterial Spot disease and Biochemical Changes associated in Pepper Plants under Greenhouse Conditions6556625210010.21608/jppp.2016.52100ENG. A.AhmedPlant Pathol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Moshtohor, Benha Univ. Egypt.Journal Article20191003Treating pepper plants with phenolic compounds <em>i.e. </em>pyrogallol, catechol, caffeic, tannic and cinnamic significantly decreased bacterial spot disease of pepper plants. Treated pepper leaves at 2 days before inoculation with<em>Xanthomonas </em><em>v</em><em>esicatoria</em> was more effective in reducing disease incidence and severity than inoculated plants with<em>X. </em><em>v</em><em>esicatoria</em> at once with spraying phenolic compounds. Spraying pepper leaves 2 days with pyrogallol before inoculation, exhibited that, pyrogallol was the most effective treatment which reduced disease incidence and disease severity by 85.71 and 91.99% respectively followed by catechol and cinnamic which were reduced disease incidence with 80.96 and 76.19% and severity by89.33 and 86.67% respectively. As for biochemical changes, the obtained results showed that, PO, PPO, PAL, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities increased as a result of spraying pepper plants with the tested phenolic compounds compared to untreated control. As well as, all treatments led to an induction of PO isoenzymes in treated pepper plants. The data also illustrated that two unique bands were detected and specific to Pyrogallol 2 and Pyrogallol 3 and one unique band was detected as affected to Pyrogallol 1. <em>Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis</em> of protein showed that 15 protein bands with molecular weights ranging from 122 to 25 kDa are contained in pepper plants. New protein bands expressed as a result of treating pepper plants with phenolic inducers. Four new bands found between 25 and 56 Kda and a fifth band at 84 Kda.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367771020161001Control of Fungal Wheat Diseases Under Field Conditions6636695210310.21608/jppp.2016.52103ENE. M. A.El-BallatDepartment of Plant Protection, Fac. of Agric. (Cairo), Al-Azhar UniversityR. M. A.El-KholyDepartment of Plant Protection, Fac. of Agric. (Cairo), Al-Azhar UniversityA. M.El-SamadisyDepartment of Plant Protection, Fac. of Agric. (Cairo), Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20191003Field studies were performed in Ashmon district, Menofia Governorate, to evaluate the efficacy of four chemical fungicides and one bioagent against wheat diseases in wheat (C.V. Gemiza 9) fields during the two successive seasons (2013-2014 and 2014-2015) incompasion with untreated control. The chemical fungicides were (Vitavax 200 75% WP (carboxin +thiram), Sumi eight 2% WP (diniconazole), Rovral 50% WP(iprodione) and Rizolex – T 50% WP (tolclofos- methyl +thiram ), whereas the bioagent was Plant- guard (<em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>) 30 million spores cm<sup>-3</sup>. All the tested compounds were used as seed treatments at the rate of 1, 2 and 3 g kg<sup>-1</sup> of seeds. Generally, all the tested compounds increased the number of plants m<sup>-2</sup> compared with untreated control. Diniconazole and iprodione fungicides were the most effective fungicides, Plant- guard was the least effective while the other compounds showed intermediate effects. Diniconazole and iprodione also significantly reduced the number of rotted roots at 21 days after sowing (DAS), and increased the number of tillers plants<sup>-1 </sup> compared with untreated control. The fungicides diniconazole and tolclofos- methyl +thiram reduced the number of white head m<sup>-2</sup>, also diniconazole and carboxin +thiram reduced the number of scabby heads m<sup>-2</sup>. Generally, increasing the rate of application significantly increased the efficacy of the tested compounds, and the chemical treatments were more effective than the bioagent in all cases. Results also showed that seed treatments with these compounds particularly diniconazole, tolclofos- methyl +thiram and iprodione increased the grain and straw yield.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367771020161001Study the Collection of Omar El – Mukhtar University Insects Museum and Comparing with Literatures in Libya.6716735210510.21608/jppp.2016.52105ENY. M.ZaiedPlant Protection Department-Faculty Agriculture, Omar El-Mukhtar University, El-Bieda, Libya Pox-919.Journal Article20191003This study was carried out in the insects museum of plant protection department of agriculture college of Omar Al-Mukhtar University – Albieda, Libya during 2013-2014, which highlighted on Orders of the insects species that were identified to genera or species level, which represented the most common insects at Al-Jabal Al-Akhder area. Observations that 249 species and 251 genus belong to 97 families and 9 orders were established. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367771020161001Population Density of Certain Piercing-Sucking Insects Infesting Wheat and its Associated Coccinellid Predator in Relation to Sampling Methods6756795210610.21608/jppp.2016.52106ENM. A. M.AmroPlant Protec. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.A. A. A.SalemPlant Protec. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.A. A.Abd El-RaheemPlant Protec. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20191003Population trends of certain piercing-sucking insects infesting wheat i.e. <em>Thrips </em>sp L.<em>, Empoasca</em> spp and its associated coccinellid predator <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata</em> was determined by using yellow sticky traps (YST), direct count and sweep net methods on wheat fields. The tested taxa exhibited one seasonal peak only/each. By using YST both <em>Thrips </em>spand<em> Empoasca</em> spp showed that their peaks at March 5 with a general average of 242.5 and 12.25 individuals/ 1 YST, respectively. No or very few numbers of <em>C. undecimpunctata</em> were collected by this method. Concerning the direct count method, <em>Thrips </em>sp and <em>C. undecimpunctata </em>exhibited their peaks at February 26 with a general average of 10.50 and 19.50 individuals/10 wheat tillers, respectively. However, <em>Empoasca</em> spp is completely disappeared. By using sweep net both <em>Thrips </em>spand<em> Empoasca</em> spp revealed that semi-equal peaks at early and mid-February, while <em>C. undecimpunctata</em> peak was appeared one to four weeks later. Concerning the effectiveness of the used sampling methods it is appeared that yellow sticky traps can be used successfully to determine thrips populations. However, the direct count inspection can be considered as the most suitable method for determining coccinellid population trends. On the other hand, sweep net can be used as a successful method for determining <em>Thrips</em> sp, <em>Empoasca</em> spp and <em>C. undecimpunctata</em> in wheat fields.