Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710720190701Effect of Bar Level and Queen Cells Position within Grafted Frame on the Quality of Produced Apis mellifera carnica Queen in Manzala Region3493545363410.21608/jppp.2019.53634ENH. M. FathyDepartment of Economic Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityA. M. I. ZohairyDepartment of Apiculture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptM. A. I. HamadaDepartment of Apiculture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190624The variations exist in acceptance percentage of grafted larvae, emergence percentage and weight of virgin queens according to different grafted bar level and queen cells position of local carniolan race (<em>Apis mellifera carnica</em>) in Manzala region were investigated. No significant differences were found in the acceptance percentage, emergence percentage and weight of virgin queen for the three bar levels. However, the acceptance percentage was positively affected by minimum temperature for the top bar. The weight of virgin queens was positively affected by the change in minimum temperature on all bar levels. On the other hand, the tested parameters were significantly increased on the middle position of bar than on the edge. In spite of the percentages of acceptance and queen emergence were positively affected by the ambient temperatures elements they were more pronounced factors on the weight of emerged queens on the edge position. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710720190701Impact of Different Workers Population in Queenless Rearing Colonies on the Quality of Produced Apis mellifera carnica Queen in Manzala Region3553585363710.21608/jppp.2019.53637ENH. M. FathyDepartment of Economic Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityA. M. I. ZohairyDepartment of Apiculture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptM. A. I. HamadaDepartment of Apiculture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190627In the current study, The variations exist in acceptance percentage of grafted larvae, emergence percentage and weight of virgin queens were investigated in queenless rearing colonies of local carniolan race (<em>Apis mellifera carnica</em>) with different worker populations in Manzala region as isolated area. The accepted percentage of grafted larvae in different worker populations was varying from 52.4 to 100.0% and the variations were significant by different between higher and lower worker population. The higher value of accepted percentage showed in May, 14,2016, while the lower value appeared in February,16,2016. The variation in the emerged percentage between lower and higher worker population was also significant. The emerged percentage of virgin queens varying from 84.1 to 100%. The mean weight of virgin queens was 159.63 and 160.58 mg. for lower and higher worker population, respectively with no significant difference between them. The minimum, maximum and mean temperatures had a significant and positive effect on the studied parameters when the rearing occurred in colonies with lower worker. It could be concluded that the preparing queen rearing colonies with worker populations equal 1.5 kilogram or more is very satisfactory in producing good queens.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710720190701Impact of Chlorophyllin Dye on some Enzyme Systems of the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)3593625363910.21608/jppp.2019.53639ENS. M. Abd El-NabyPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI) , Agricultural Research Center (ARC), DOKKI, GIZAT. R. AminPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI) , Agricultural Research Center (ARC), DOKKI, GIZAJournal Article20190701The second larval instarof the cotton leafworm,<em> Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd.) as a series polyphagous pest was treated, in laboratory, by ingestion of two chlorophyll derivatives namly copper chlorophyllin (Chl-Cu) and magnesium chlorophyllin (Chl-Mg) to study the possible role of mixed function oxidases (MFO) in detoxifying the dye, and determine the efficancy of treatment on protein metabolizing enzymes or transaminases. Moreover, to clarify whether the photoactive dyes have non phototoxic effect. The larvae were treated for 24 hrs with LC<sub>50 </sub>of the dye followed by exposure to direct sunlight for 2 hr. Copper chlorophyllin was more potent than magnesium chlorophyllin and represented by LC<sub>50 </sub>= 0.130M and LC<sub>50 </sub>=0.299 M, respectively. The percentage mortility of larvae treated by LC<sub>50</sub> of the dyes and kept in dark during the experimental time was up to 9%. The dark process appear to be less active than the light induced photo dynamic reactions. Biochemical analyses revealed that treatment led to induction of MFO system. It was 733, 926 and 687 μ mole substrate oxidized /min/g. b. wt for Chl-Mg, Chl-Cu and control, respectively. Effect of treatment on transaminases showed that GPT activity was significantly changed by both chlorophyll derivatives, while GOT activity was non significantly changed. Induced GPT level could be considered as a sing or secondary effect of chlorophyllin poisoning. This effect has been interprreted as suggestive of interinsic capacity of insect to repair damage. MFO might share in detoxifying chlorophyllins, and development of resistance to photodynamic pesticides. The observed dark effect suggests that the used photosynthetizers posses low interinsic chemical toxicity.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710720190701Population Fluctuation of Certain Insects Infesting Vegetable Crops and their Predators Caught by Using Light Traps and Effect of some Weather Factors on those Insects3633675366810.21608/jppp.2019.53668ENA. A. GhanimEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, EgyptH. A. El-SerafyEconomic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, EgyptH. A. AbdelwahabPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, DokkiHeba G. El-sayedPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, DokkiJournal Article20190704Investigation was carried out to survey the main insects attacking the vegetable crops caught by using light traps and the population fluctuations; flight activity of four nuctuids insect species and the effect of weather factors on the population fluctuations of these species during the two years (2016 and 2017) at Mansoura district. Results obtained revealed that there were nine species belonging to Family: Noctuidae (Order Lepidoptera), one species of the Family: Gelechiidae and one species of Family:Pyralidae. One species of Family: Gryllotalpidae (Order Orthoptera) were recorded. Meanwhile, one species of Family: Pentatomidae (Order Heteroptera) and one species of Family: Scarabaeidae (Order: Coleoptera) were found. Data obtained showed that the population fluctuation of <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd.) had seven peaks were found all the year round. The results cleared that <em>Spodoptera exigua </em>(Hubner) was recorded five peaks in vegetable crops. These peaks were occurred in the 3<sup>rd</sup> week of March, last week of April, 2<sup>nd</sup> week of June, 1<sup>st</sup> week of Aug. and 3<sup>rd</sup> week of September, during the first year of study, In the second years, the peaks were during the 1<sup>st</sup> week of Febr, 2<sup>nd</sup> week of May, last week of June, 3<sup>rd</sup> week of Aug. and 1<sup>st</sup> week of Oct. The population fluctuation of <em>Agrotis</em><em> ipsilon </em>(Hufn.) revealed that this insect had six peaks in vegetable crops. The obtained data cleared that population fulctuation of <em>Heliothes armigera</em> Hbn This insect had four peaks in vegetable crops. These peaks were occurred in the 2<sup>nd</sup> week of May, 2<sup>nd</sup> week of June, 3<sup>rd</sup> week of July and 2<sup>nd</sup> week of Sept. during the first year of study. In the second year, the peaks were during the 3<sup>rd</sup> week of March, last week of June, 1<sup>st</sup> week of Aug. and 1<sup>st</sup> week of Sept. Results indicated that the values of correlation coefficient of the relationship between the average temperature, relative humidity and the population fluctuation of these four insect speciesduring the two seasons of study, assuted that the average temperature and relative humidity parameters exerted varied effect with a value ranged from slight to highly significant correlation during the two seasons of the investigation.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710720190701Antifungal Potential and Characterization of Plant Extracts against Fusarium fujikuroi on Rice3693765367110.21608/jppp.2019.53671ENZeinab A.KalboushRice Pathol.Dept., Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.A. A. HassanRice Pathology Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.Journal Article20190708Bakanae rice disease caused by fungus <em>Fusarium fujikuroi</em> Nirenberg (<em>F</em>.<em> fujikuroi</em>) and occurs in the most growing rice areas of the world. Transmission of this disease by soil and seed, so seed addressing by different material is useful to control bakanae disease. This study is focused on antifungal activity for some plant extracts<em> i.e.</em><em> Ammi visnaga (A. visnaga), Eucalyptus globulus</em> (<em>E. globulus</em>)<em>, Artemisia judaica (A. judai) </em>and <em>Coriandrum sativum </em>(<em>C. sativum</em>)on the linear growth of <em>F. fujikuroi</em>. Identification of chemical compounds was done for two plant extracts <em>A. visnaga </em>and<em> E. globulus</em> by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Seeds was treatments with plant extracts with different concentrations under greenhouse condition. Changes in seedling content for enzymes such as peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) after 7 and 14 days of treatments by plant extracts has been observed. Management bakanae disease under field condition by seed treatment with plant extracts. The results indicate that <em>A. visnaga</em> was the most effective on the linear growth with concentration 500 ppm. The obtained results from qualitative phytochemical tests for <em>A. visnaga</em> indicates presence of coumarins, tannins, saponin, terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids and absence of phenols. <em>E. globulus</em> found tannins, phenols, saponin, terpenoids, flavonoid and absences of coumarins and steroids. Tannins and terpenoids were the highest quantitative phytochemical constituent determined in <em>A. visnaga. </em>Whilephenols and flavonoids were the most active phytochemical constituents determined in <em>E. globulus</em>. The chemical constituents for GC-MS analysis of<em> A. visnaga</em> were benzene methyl, khellin, visnagin and vitamin E. While, <em>E. globulus</em> haseucalyptol, terpinen, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Under greenhouse condition, <em>A. visnaga</em> was the most effective in reducing the number of death and number of infected seedling, increasing the germination % at different concentrations compared with other treatments. POX, PPO and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> were induced in inoculated seedling compared with the un-inoculated seedling. Seed treatments with<em> A. visnaga </em>and<em> E. globulus</em> produced the highest enzymes increase and decreased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2 </sub>content in seedling. Under field condition, there are no significant difference between <em>A. visnaga</em> and Rhizolex-T 50% as seed treatment in reduction of disease incidence or disease severity of bakanae in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Grain yield was increased in treated plant with <em>A. visnaga</em> and Rhizolex-T 50% in both seasons.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710720190701Scaling up the Phytochemical Contents in the Leaves of Beetroot Using a Formulated Antioxidant Gawda®3773795367310.21608/jppp.2019.53673ENM. A. ElwakilPlant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, 35516, EgyptM. A. El-MetwallyPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptA. E. KhalilPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptK. N. EisaPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190711Beetroot (<em>Beta vulgaris</em> L.) have been used for many years as a food supplement to support treating a number of diseases. It is also classified as medicinal plant because of its excellent source of phytochemicals including antioxidants, minerals, vitamins and amino acids. Beetroot are vegetable belong to the family Chenopodiaceae. In food industry they are formulated in edible powder and energetic juice. In some regions of the world beetroot leaves are cut off and discard in spite of their health benefit because of lack of knowledge among the local people regarding their health benefit. So far, this investigation aimed to evaluate the possible role of the formulated antioxidant GAWDA<sup>®</sup> on enhancing the phytochemicals of the content of beetroot leaves. P.P, Proline, Potassium and the antioxidant activity were determined. Beetroot seeds were soaked in water solution of GAWDA<sup>®</sup> formulation (2g/L for 12 hours) pre sowing <em>vs</em> tap water in case of the check. The target physiological characters were recorded in leaves of 3 month old plants. The results showed that soaking seeds in water solution of GAWDA<sup>®</sup> formulation (2g/L for 12 h) before sowing significantly increased the contents of Ch. A, B, carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, proline, potassium and antioxidant activity in the plant leaves. The potential of the formulated antioxidant (GAWDA<sup>®</sup>) for scaling up the contents of the phytochemicals studied beetroot leaves was concluded.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710720190701Influence of Root-Dipping Tomato Roots within Water Extracts of Three Composite Grinded Seeds under the Infection of Meloidogyne incognita3813855367410.21608/jppp.2019.53674ENFaten A. HamdyKanazawa University Faculty of Geoscience and Engineering, Department of Environmental Design, Japan.S. B. GadNematology Res. Unit, Agric. Zoology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., EgyptA. G. El-SherifNematology Res. Unit, Agric. Zoology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., EgyptJournal Article20190715A trial test was set to assess the impact of root-dipping of tomato cv. Alisa plants separately for 15 or 30 minutes within aqueous grinded seeds extracts of three compositae seeds extracts i.e. chicory, artemesia and chrysanthemums below the anxiety of <em>M. incognita</em> disease in the greenhouse circumstances (29±2°C). Every one of the experienced materials mend the increments proportion enlarge values of plant vegetation metrics of tomato plants and decrease nematode gauges too. Evidently, tomato plants growth metrics were positively improved when the time of root dipping raised from 15 to 30 minutes. Plant getting artemesia ranked first with the maximum rates values that was between 68.57 and 82.85% or 28.12 and 46.87% or 55.6 and 77.8% for plant height, sum plant fresh and shoot dry weights for root dipping treatment for 15 and 30 minutes, that talented the highest percentage of reduction in final nematode population, number of galls and egg-masses, with values of 66.7, 68.0; 64.7, 61.7; 78.12 and 81.25%respectively. On the other hand, chicory grinded seeds extract recorded the slighter values for similar nematode metrics which were almost on par either at 15 or 30 minutes, these values were averaged 28.1, 42.3; 44.1, 55.8 ; 78.12, 81.25% for reduction percentage of total nematode numbers, galls and eggmasses numbers, in that order. It was plain that N,PandK concs, total chlorophyll; phenol contents were noticeably increased by infection of nematode. Every experienced components at 30 minutes of root-dipping in such tested aqueous grinded seeds extracts recorded better values of N,PandK, total phenol and chlorophyll contents than those results at 15 minutes of root dipping. The resulted values ranged between 4.5 to 33.0% or 5.5 to 58.9% or 6.9 to 31.4 or 6.05 to 14.21 or 0.55 to 5.53 for N,P and K concentrations and total chlorophyll and phenol contents of chicory at 15 min (lowest values) to artemesia at 30 (highest values) min of root-dipping within such aqueous tested extracts, respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Plant Protection and Pathology2090-367710720190701Levels of 15 Organochlorine Pesticide in Freshwater during Several Seasons along the Nile River, Egypt3873905367510.21608/jppp.2019.53675ENA. A. El-GhanamPesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptA. A. El-SaidyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptDalia E. El-HefnyPesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190719The object of this study was determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in freshwater samples collected along the Nile River at the Rosetta branch at Shubra Khait region El-Behera Governorate and Kufr EL-Zayat region, EL- Gharbia Governorate from two sites in different seasons during 2016-2017. The determination of organochlorine pesticide residues (PP-DDT, endosulfan, endrin, PP-DDD, OP-DDE, OP-DDD, Aldrin, Heptachlor- epoxide, heptachlor, d-HCH, a-HCH, g-HCH, dieldrin, PP-DDE, and methoxychlor) carried out by GC-µECD. The results indicated that the concentrations of pesticide residues monitored was below the permissible limits according to the World Health Organization (2011). Therefore, it is recommended to preserve the water of the Nile River by not dumpling sewage, agricultural and industrial waste without treatment in the Nile water and using pesticides in good way.