The immature stages [ 2nd , 3 rd larval instars , 3 and 7- day-old pupae ] of the onion bulb fly , Eumerus amoenus Loew were exposed to 4 gas mixtures contained different carbon dioxide concentrations (10 , 20 ,40 and 80 % CO2). Seven exposure periods were applied ( 24 - 168 hr ) for each gas mixture . The 2 nd instar larvae were more susceptible than the 3 rd instar larvae to the tested gas mixtures . Also , the 3 - day - old pupae were more susceptible than the 7 – day – old pupae . The pupal stage was tolerant than the larval stage to treatments . Complete mortality was obtained by using gas mixture containing 80 % CO2 after 96 hr , 120 hr and 144 hr exposure period in the 3 – day – old pupae , the larval stage and the 7 – day – old pupae , respectively .
Ismail, I., Elbolok, M., Risha, E., Hashem, M., & Elshabrawy, H. (2000). MPACT OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON THE LARVAE AND PUPAE OF ONION BULB FLY, Eumerus amoenus LOEW (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE). Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 25(2), 1061-1068. doi: 10.21608/jppp.2000.258604
MLA
I. I. Ismail; M. M. Elbolok; E. M. Risha; M. Y. Hashem; H. A. Elshabrawy. "MPACT OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON THE LARVAE AND PUPAE OF ONION BULB FLY, Eumerus amoenus LOEW (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)", Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 25, 2, 2000, 1061-1068. doi: 10.21608/jppp.2000.258604
HARVARD
Ismail, I., Elbolok, M., Risha, E., Hashem, M., Elshabrawy, H. (2000). 'MPACT OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON THE LARVAE AND PUPAE OF ONION BULB FLY, Eumerus amoenus LOEW (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)', Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 25(2), pp. 1061-1068. doi: 10.21608/jppp.2000.258604
VANCOUVER
Ismail, I., Elbolok, M., Risha, E., Hashem, M., Elshabrawy, H. MPACT OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON THE LARVAE AND PUPAE OF ONION BULB FLY, Eumerus amoenus LOEW (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE). Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 2000; 25(2): 1061-1068. doi: 10.21608/jppp.2000.258604
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