Eco-Friendly Formulations of Oil in Water Emulsion (EW) from Melia azedarach Fruit Extracts and their Nematicidal Activity against Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on Tomato Plants under Greenhouse Conditions

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Pest. Form. Res. Dept., Central Agri. Pest. Lab., Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

2 Department of plant protection, Faculty of agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

Abstract

The present study aims to formulate, and evaluate the nematicidal activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of green and ripe fruits of Melia azedarach (known as zanzalacht) against Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2s) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions on tomato plant. The most nematicidal activity was achieved by the treatment with ethanol extract of ripe fruits (LC50/48h = 206.43 ppm). Chemical components of ripe fruit ethanol extract were identified by GC-MS spectrum to possess fatty acid ethyl ester (28.44%), 5-hydroxyfurfural (13.59%), 2(3H) furanone (6.44%), and vinyl acrylic acid (6.35%) as main components. The tested extracts were formulated as emulsion oil in water (EW), and their physicochemical properties were assessed under different storage conditions. The nematicidal activity of formulated extracts was evaluated and compared with that of Vydate® 24% SL in a greenhouse experiment. Moreover, the results of the pot experiments demonstrated that all treatments significantly reduced root-knot disease and suppressed nematode development when compared with the untreated tomato plant. The obtained results also showed that no significant differences were observed between the treatments of M.azedarach extracts and Vydate® 24% SL, where the percentage of reduction in galls/root was 80.00 and 78.18%, for reference nematicide and ripe hexane extract (RH 10%EW), respectively. All treatments increased shoot and root weights and lengths compared with the untreated control. It could be concluded that the potential use of M. azedarach extracts is a safe and substantial alternative to conventional nematicides within integrated root-knot nematode management under field conditions.

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