Efficacy of Magnetic Field on Activities of some Chemical Fungicides on some Pathogenic Fungi Caused Damping – Off and Charcoal Rot on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Plants

Efficacy of magnetic field (MF) (5 mT/12, 24, and 36 h) on growth of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride were investigated in vitro. A. niger was the most sensitive to MF for 12 h with a growth inhibition 66.22% followed by M. phaseolina, A. flavus, F. solani, T. harzianum and T. viride. Also, the inhibition increased with increasing exposure periods up to 36 h. Qualitative protease and amylase activities of the magnetized pathogenic fungi were less compared to non-magnetized fungi. Amylase activity did not detect on the medium of exposed A. niger. The effect of magnetized Moncut 25%, Celest, and Rizolex-T 50% wp (MF) and sesame seeds cv. Giza 32 (MS) were studied on the infection with M. phaseolina under greenhouse conditions for two seasons (2022 and 2023). (MF + MS) prevented the pre-emergence damping – off followed by MF and NMF treatments for both seasons. The least of both post emergence damping – off and charcoal rot incidence were noticed with (MF + MS) treatment. And it had the highest values of peroxidase activity (PX) and total phenol content (TPC). Pre- emergence damping – off strongly and moderately correlated with (PX) and (TPC), recording r = - 0.85 and - 0.81, respectively. Strong correlation was cleared with the post – emergence damping – off and (PX) and (TPC), recording r = - 0.89 and - 0.85, respectively. (PX) and (TPC) had moderate correlation with disease incidence recording r = - 0.81 and - 0.84, respectively.